矿井通风机智能监控系统研究.pdf

工程硕士专业学位论文 矿井通风机智能监控系统研究 Research on Intelligent Monitoring System of Mine Ventilator 作者王茹 导师郭星歌 副教授 中国矿业大学 二○二一年六月 万方数据 学位论文使用授权声明学位论文使用授权声明 本人完全了解中国矿业大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，同意本人所撰 写的学位论文的使用授权按照学校的管理规定处理 作为申请学位的条件之一， 学位论文著作权拥有者须授权所在学校拥有学位 论文的部分使用权，即①学校档案馆和图书馆有权保留学位论文的纸质版和电 子版，可以使用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编学位论文；②为教学和 科研目的，学校档案馆和图书馆可以将公开的学位论文作为资料在档案馆、图书 馆等场所或在校园网上供校内师生阅读、浏览。另外，根据有关法规，同意中国 国家图书馆保存研究生学位论文。 （保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权书）。 作者签名导师签名 年月日年月日 万方数据 中图分类号TP391.4学校代码10290 UDC621.39密级公开 中国矿业大学 工程硕士专业学位论文 矿井通风机智能监控系统研究 Research on Intelligent Monitoring System of Mine Ventilator 作者王 茹导师郭星歌副教授 申请学位 工程硕士专业学位培养单位 信息与控制工程学院 学科专业 电子与通信工程研究方向智能矿山 答辩委员会主席丁恩杰评 阅 人盲评 二○二一年六月 万方数据 致谢致谢 时光荏苒，脚步匆匆，毕业论文已写到尾声。春梦秋云，聚散容易，总以为 来日方长，却不知时光转瞬即逝。翻看着自己的论文资料，阅读过的篇篇文献， 研究生三年的点点时光尽在眼前， 心中虽感慨万千， 但更多的是无尽的感激之情。 桃李不言满庭芳，弦歌百年今又始。我要感谢中国矿业大学的培养和教育， 感谢中国矿业大学信息与控制工程学院的领导和老师们。在这美丽的校园里，弥 漫着浓厚的学习氛围，学院提供了良好的研究平台，实验室设备齐全，使得我的 学习生涯受益匪浅，对我学术课题的研究提供了很大的帮助。在这里，祝母校和 信控学院蒸蒸日上，永创辉煌。 饮其流者怀其源，学其成者念吾师。首先，我要向我的导师郭星歌副教授表 示由衷的感谢。在三年的学习生涯中，为我创造了良好的学习环境，让我参与了 很多研究项目， 有了学以致用的机会， 将所学知识同实践结合， 使得我终身收益。 在学术论文的写作上也给了我很大的帮助。同时，郭老师身上工作认真、积极向 上的进取态度为我今后的工作生涯照明了方向。 平生感知己，方寸岂悠悠。感谢吴呈阳、李荣进、贺洁茹、张岩松等同窗对 我学习和生活中的帮助，三年硕士生涯中，我们一同学习、一同探讨，彼此互帮 互助，共同取得进步。在这里，祝愿我的同窗们都能拥有灿烂的未来。 借此机会，感谢喻振杰、李哲、刘迪、曾尚琦等师兄师姐和华洋通信有限公 司顾军、马平给予的帮助。 最后深深的感谢含辛茹苦养育我的父母和一直支持我鼓励我的家人们， 正是 有你们关心和保护，我才能全身心的投入学习中，探寻我的人生方向。 另外感谢评阅本文的专家学者，感谢您能够在百忙之中抽出时间审阅，给我 提出宝贵意见，期待您的批评与指正。 万方数据 I 摘摘要要 通风机作为煤矿开采的大型设备，承担着向井下输送新鲜空气的重任。随着 智能矿山理念的提出，通风机逐步向自动化、智能化、节能化方向发展。本文针 对当前矿井通风机监控系统存在的问题，通过设计智能控制策略，解决了通风机 风量调节方式单一、控制简单、能耗大的问题。本文主要的研究内容如下 （1）针对轴流式风机运行效率低的问题，研究了通风机的基本结构和工作 原理，对风机的特性和风量调节方法进行分析，采用了基于变频方式的井下风量 调节方法，结果表明该方法不仅可以提高风机的运行效率，而且更符合通风机的 运行工况。 （2）针对风量调节方式单一，能耗大的问题，采用一种基于粒子群算法的 模糊 PID 控制策略，对风量调节系统进行智能控制。将模糊算法与 PID 算法进 行结合，利用粒子群算法对模糊 PID 控制器中的量化因子和比例因子进行优化， 以风量偏差和风量偏差变化率作为控制器输入量，PID 控制参数作为输出量，实 现风量变频调节。仿真表明，该方法能够使风机更快更稳定的达到期望风量值， 降低了无效耗能。 （3）根据分布式、集中控制的理念，开发一套以 iFIX 为上位机、PLC 为下 位机的煤矿通风机智能监控系统， 并对系统的上位机监控单元、 PLC 控制单元以 及视频监控单元等进行软硬件设计。在轿子山煤矿进行了现场测试，实现了通风 系统的多模式操作、 智能风量调节、 故障报警等功能， 有效监管了井下通风过程。 该论文有图 43 幅，表 16 个，参考文献 81 篇。 关键词关键词通风机；模糊 PID 控制；PLC；组态软件 万方数据 II Abstract As a large-scale equipment for coal mining, the ventilator plays a significant role in delivering fresh air to the underground. With the introduction of the concept of intelligent mines, ventilators have gradually developed in the direction of automation, intelligence, and energy saving. To solve problems existing in the current Ventilator monitoring system, this thesis provides solutions to inflexibility, simple controlling and energy wastes of the air volume adjustments in ventilators, by designing intelligent control strategies. The main researches of this thesis are as follows 1 Aiming at the problem of low operating efficiency of axial flow fan, the basic structure and working principle of the fan are studied, the characteristics of the fan and the air volume adjustment are analyzed, and the underground air volume adjustment based on the frequency conversion is proposed. The results show that The can not only improve the operating efficiency of the fan, but also more in line with the operating conditions of the fan. 2 As for the problem of inflexible air volume adjustment and large energy consumption, a fuzzy PID control strategy based on Particle swarm algorithm is proposed to intelligently control the air volume adjustment system. Combining fuzzy algorithm with PID algorithm, applying the algorithm to optimize the quantity factor and scale factor in fuzzy PID controller, using air volume deviation and its change rate as controller , PID control parameter as output, the thesis manages to realize air volume frequency conversion adjustment. The simulation indicates that this is able to make the ventilator reach the expected air volume quickly and more stably, and reduce the ineffective energy consumption. 3 According to the concept of distributed and centralized control, this thesis develops an intelligent monitoring system for coal mine ventilator with iFIX as the upper computer and PLC as the lower computer, and monitors the upper computer monitoring unit, PLC control unit and video monitoring unit of the system as well as the software and hardware design. Field tests were carried out in Jiaozishan Coal Mine, which realized the functions of multimodal operation of the ventilation system, intelligent air volume adjustment, fault alarm, etc., and effectively supervised the underground ventilation process. There are 43 figures, 16 tables and 81 references in this paper. Keywords ventilator; fuzzy PID control; PLC; configuration software. 万方数据 III 目目录录 摘摘要要............................................................................................................................ I 目目录录......................................................................................................................... III 图清单图清单...........................................................................................................................V 表清单表清单...................................................................................................................... VIII 变量注释表变量注释表..................................................................................................................IX 1 绪论绪论............................................................................................................................1 1.1 课题研究背景及意义.............................................................................................1 1.2 国内外研究现状.....................................................................................................2 1.3 主要研究内容及论文结构安排.............................................................................4 1.4 本章小结.................................................................................................................6 2 通风机通风机智能监控系统方案智能监控系统方案........................................................................................7 2.1 轴流式通风机.........................................................................................................7 2.2 通风机风量调节系统分析与建模.......................................................................11 2.3 智能监控系统总体方案.......................................................................................16 2.4 本章小结...............................................................................................................17 3 通风机智能控制策略研究通风机智能控制策略研究......................................................................................18 3.1 模糊 PID 控制策略.............................................................................................18 3.2 基于粒子群算法优化的模糊 PID 控制策略 ...................................................28 3.3 本章小结...............................................................................................................35 4 通风机智能通风机智能监控监控系统设计系统设计......................................................................................36 4.1 智能监控系统结构设计.......................................................................................36 4.2 智能监控系统的硬件设计...................................................................................38 4.3 智能监控系统的软件设计...................................................................................48 4.4 本章小结...............................................................................................................57 5 总结与展望总结与展望..............................................................................................................58 5.1 总结.......................................................................................................................58 5.2 展望.......................................................................................................................58 参考文献参考文献......................................................................................................................60 作者简历作者简历......................................................................................................................64 万方数据 IV Contents Abstract..........................................................................................................................I Contents......................................................................................................................IV List of Figures.............................................................................................................. V List of Tables............................................................................................................VIII List of Variables..........................................................................................................IX 1 Introduction............................................................................................................... 1 1.1 The Background and Significance of The Study......................................................1 1.2 Present Situation of Domestic and Foreign Research..............................................2 1.3 Content and Structure of This Paper........................................................................ 4 1.4 Conclusions of This Chapter....................................................................................6 2 Intelligent Monitoring System for Ventilator..........................................................7 2.1Axial Fan.................................................................................................................. 7 2.2Analysis and Modeling of VentilatorAir Volume Regulation System...................11 2.3 Overall Scheme of Intelligent Monitoring System.................................................16 2.4 Conclusions of This Chapter..................................................................................17 3 Research on Intelligent Control Strategy of Ventilator....................................... 18 3.1 Fuzzy PID control strategy.....................................................................................18 3.2 Fuzzy PID control strategy based on particle swarm optimization........................28 3.3 Conclusions of This Chapter..................................................................................35 4 Design of Intelligent Monitoring System for Ventilator.......................................36 4.1 Structure Design of The Intelligent Monitoring System........................................36 4.2 Hardware Design of Intelligent Monitoring System..............................................38 4.3 Software Design of Intelligent Monitoring System................................................48 4.4 Conclusions of This Chapter..................................................................................57 5 Conclusions and Prospect.......................................................................................58 5.1 Conclusions............................................................................................................58 5.2 Prospect..................................................................................................................58 References................................................................................................................... 60 Authors Resume........................................................................................................ 64 万方数据 V 图清单图清单 图序号图名称页码 图 1-1风机现场图2 Figure 1-1Field map of ventilator2 图 1-2研究内容及结构安排4 Figure 1-2Research content and structure arrangement4 图 2-1轴流式通风机结构图8 Figure 2-1Structure of axial fan8 图 2-2等效特性曲线10 Figure 2-2Equivalent characteristic curve10 图 2-3风压特性曲线11 Figure 2-3Wind pressure characteristic curve11 图 2-4负载特性曲线图12 Figure 2-4Load characteristic curve12 图 2-5变频器简化结构框图14 Figure 2-5Simplified block diagram of inverter14 图 2-6 通风智能监控系统总体结构 17 Figure 2-6Overall structure of the ventilation intelligent monitoring system17 图 3-1PID 控制系统框图19 Figure 3-1PID control system block diagram19 图 3-2模糊控制器基本结构20 Figure 3-2Basic structure of fuzzy controller20 图 3-3风量调节系统结构21 Figure 3-3Air volume adjustment system structure21 图 3-4隶属度函数图22 Figure 3-4 Membership function graph 22 图 3-5输出参数曲面图25 Figure 3-5 Output parametric surface plot 25 图 3-6传统 PID 控制器 SIMULINK 中仿真模型图25 Figure 3-6Simulation model diagram in traditional PID controller SIMULINK25 图 3-7模糊 PID 控制器的 SIMULINK 中仿真模型图26 Figure 3-7Simulation model diagram in SIMULINK of fuzzy PID controller26 图 3-8阶跃响应曲线26 Figure 3-8Step response curve26 图 3-9鲁棒性、抗干扰能力对比图27 Figure 3-9Robustness and anti-interference ability comparison chart27 图 3-10优化结构图28 Figure 3-10Optimized structure diagram28 图 3-11优化算法运行流程图31 万方数据 VI Figure 3-11Optimization algorithm operation flow chart31 图 3-12PSO-PID 仿真图32 Figure 3-12PSO-PID simulation diagram32 图 3-13适用度曲线图32 Figure 3-13Fitness value curve32 图 3-14阶跃响应曲线33 Figure 3-14Step response curve33 图 3-15鲁棒性、抗干扰能力对比图34 Figure 3-15Robustness and anti-interference ability comparison chart34 图 4-1 控制系统拓扑图 36 Figure 4-1Topology diagram of the control system36 图 4-2PLC 控制结构图39 Figure 4-2 PLC control structure diagram 39 图 4-3变频器外电路图43 Figure 4-3 External circuit diagram of the inverter 43 图 4-4传感器安装示意图45 Figure 4-4Sensor installation diagram45 图 4-5视频监控单元整体结构46 Figure 4-5Overall structure of video monitoring unit46 图 4-6 双回路供电方式 47 Figure 4-6Double loop power supply mode47 图 4-7编程主界面49 Figure 4-7Programming main interface49 图 4-8PLC 主程序结构50 Figure 4-8PLC main program structure50 图 4-9启动流程图50 Figure 4-9Start flow chart50 图 4-10一键倒机程序51 Figure 4-10One-key reversing program51 图 4-11风量调节流程图52 Figure 4-11Flow chart of air volume adjustment52 图 4-12故障报警流程图52 Figure 4-12Fault alarm flow chart52 图 4-13IFIX 编辑界面53 Figure 4-13IFIX editing interface53 图 4-14上位机系统结构图54 Figure 4-14Host computer system structure diagram54 图 4-15登录界面54 Figure 4-15login interface54 图 4-16监控主界面55 Figure 4-16Monitoring main interface55 万方数据 VII 图 4-17参数设置界面55 Figure 4-17Page of the setup parameters55 图 4-18故障弹窗56 Figure 4-18Fault popup56 图 4-19故障查询56 Figure 4-19Fault finding56 图 4-20历史曲线57 Figure 4-20Historical curve57 万方数据 VIII 表清单表清单 表序号表名称页码 表 2-1两种通风机对比分析7 Table 2-1Comparison and analysis of two ventilators7 表 2-2三种方法对比分析11 Table 2-2Comparative analysis of three s11 表 2-3比例定律节电率表13 Table 2-3The law of power saving rate table13 表 3-1∆模糊控制规则表23 Table 3-1Rules table of fuzzy control of ∆23 表 3-2∆模糊控制规则表23 Table 3-2Rules table of fuzzy control of ∆23 表 3-3∆模糊控制规则表23 Table 3-3Rules table of fuzzy control of ∆23 表 3-4性能指标对比27 Table 3-4Perance index comparison27 表 3-5性能指标对比33 Table 3-5Perance index comparison33 表 4-1PLC 功能模块选型40 Table 4-1PLC function module selection40 表 4-2数字量输入点40 Table 4-2Digital point40 表 4-3模拟量输入点41 Table 4-3Analog point41 表 4-4数字量输出点42 Table 4-4Digital output point42 表 4-5传感器选型统计44 Table 4-5Type selection statistics of sensors44 表 4-6高压柜技术参数47 Table 4-6High-voltage cabinet technical parameters47 表 4-7控制台按钮统计48 Table 4-7Console button statistics48 表 4-8指示灯信息统计48 Table 4-8Statistics of indicators ination48