高温矿井采煤工作面热环境指标及冷量优化方法研究.pdf

分类号分类号TD745TD745密密级 级 公公开开 U D CU D C 单位代码单位代码 1042410424 学学 位位 论论 文文 高温矿井采煤工作面热环境指标高温矿井采煤工作面热环境指标高温矿井采煤工作面热环境指标高温矿井采煤工作面热环境指标 及冷量优化方法研究 苗苗 德德 俊俊 申请学位级别申请学位级别博士学位博士学位专业专业名名称称安全技术及工安全技术及工程程 指导教师姓名指导教师姓名程程 卫卫 民民职职称称教教授授 山山 东东 科科 技技 大大 学学 二二 0000 八年四月八年四月 论文题目论文题目论文题目论文题目 高温矿井采煤工作面热环境指标高温矿井采煤工作面热环境指标高温矿井采煤工作面热环境指标高温矿井采煤工作面热环境指标 及冷量优化方法研究及冷量优化方法研究及冷量优化方法研究及冷量优化方法研究 作者姓名作者姓名作者姓名作者姓名苗德俊苗德俊入学时间入学时间入学时间入学时间2004200420042004 年年 9 9 9 9 月月 专业名称专业名称专业名称专业名称安全技术及工程安全技术及工程研究方向研究方向研究方向研究方向矿山灾害预测与防矿山灾害预测与防 治治 指导教师指导教师指导教师指导教师程卫民程卫民职职职职称称称称教教授授 论文提交日期论文提交日期论文提交日期论文提交日期2008200820082008 年年 4 4 4 4 月月 20202020 日日 论文答辩日期论文答辩日期论文答辩日期论文答辩日期2008200820082008 年年 4 4 4 4 月月 29292929 日日 授予学位日期授予学位日期授予学位日期授予学位日期 STUDYSTUDYSTUDYSTUDY OFOFOFOF THERMALTHERMALTHERMALTHERMALENVIRONMENTENVIRONMENTENVIRONMENTENVIRONMENT INDEXINDEXINDEXINDEXANDANDANDAND COOLING QUANTITY OPTIMIZATION S IN WORKING FACE IN HIGH TEMPERATURE COAL MINE ADissertation ted in fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY from Shandong University of Science and Technology by Miao Dejun Supervisor Professor Cheng Weimin College of Natural Resources and Environmental Engineering April,April,April,April,2008200820082008 声声明明 本人呈交给山东科技大学的这篇博士学位论文，除了所列参考文献和世所本人呈交给山东科技大学的这篇博士学位论文，除了所列参考文献和世所公公 认的文献外，全部是本人在导师指导下的研究成果。该论文资料尚没有呈交于认的文献外，全部是本人在导师指导下的研究成果。该论文资料尚没有呈交于 其它任何学术机关作鉴定。其它任何学术机关作鉴定。 博士生签名博士生签名 日日期期2008200820082008 年年 4 4 4 4 月月 29292929 日日 AFFIRMATION I I I I declaredeclaredeclaredeclare thatthatthatthat thisthisthisthis dissertation,dissertation,dissertation,dissertation, tedtedtedted inininin fulfillmentfulfillmentfulfillmentfulfillment ofofofof thethethethe requirementsrequirementsrequirementsrequirements forforforfor thethethethe awardawardawardaward ofofofof DoctorDoctorDoctorDoctor ofofofof PhilosophyPhilosophyPhilosophyPhilosophy inininin ShandongShandongShandongShandong UniversityUniversityUniversityUniversity ofofofof ScienceScienceScienceScience andandandand Technology,Technology,Technology,Technology, is is is is whollywhollywhollywholly mymymymy ownownownown workworkworkwork unlessunlessunlessunless referencedreferencedreferencedreferenced ofofofof acknowledge.acknowledge.acknowledge.acknowledge. TheTheTheThe documentdocumentdocumentdocument hashashashas notnotnotnot beenbeenbeenbeen tedtedtedted forforforfor qualificationqualificationqualificationqualification atatatat anyanyanyany otherotherotherother academicacademicacademicacademic institute.institute.institute.institute. SignatureSignatureSignatureSignature DateDateDateDateApr.Apr.Apr.Apr.29,29,29,29,2008200820082008 山东科技大学博士学位论文摘要 1 摘摘要要 随着矿井开采深度的增加以及综合机械开采能力的提高， 矿井热害现象越来越严重， 已经成为继水、火、瓦斯、煤尘、顶板之后的第六大灾害，如何保证矿工能在一个热安 全的环境下工作，已成为一个急需解决的课题。 本文提出了矿井热安全环境的概念，通过模拟热环境实验，确定了矿工在热环境中 能够忍受的极限肛肠温度、心率和出汗率，在对矿工与井下环境热交换研究及实验数据 分析的基础上建立了人体温度升高与热环境间的关系模型，通过该模型，可以确定矿工 在此热环境的工作时间，为合理确定井下矿工的热安全环境参数奠定了基础。通过热环 境对人的生理、安全、心理方面影响的分析，提出了热安全环境的模糊评价方法，在对 两个矿井两年的热环境对人影响的观测与分析的基础上，确定了适合我国高温矿井的职 工热安全指标井下工作环境干球温度不超过 27.5℃是一个热安全的环境。通过对工作 面热源分布的分析，提出了井下工作的热安全空间的概念，分析了井下风流热、湿交换 的机理及其传热、传质的过程，确定了高温工作面机械降温前和机械降温后标准冷量、 需冷量、制冷量的计算方法。通过对进风状况的分析，提出了空冷力的概念，根据外界 环境温度的变化引起工作面进风温度的变化，确定了不同时期矿井降温的最优风量和冷 量。对采用机械制冷前，风量与冷量的关系进行了研究，确定了合理的进风风量，并确 定了矿井机械降温的判据。采用机械降温后，对风量与冷量关系进行了优化研究，确定 了其合理的风量和冷量。提出空冷长度的概念，确定了进风巷空冷器的合理位置。对工 作面的分段降温进行了研究，确定了合理的布置方式。采用 ANSYS 的 APDL 语言，建 立了高温工作面的降温模型，对采用机械降温前和机械降温后的不同进风风速和温度下 的风流热力温度场进行了模拟，此模型准确、符合实际。采用此模拟方法，可以为高温 工作面的降温设计提供依据。该课题在唐口煤矿得到了应用，取得了明显的经济效益和 社会效益。 关键词关键词热安全环境；热工作空间；模糊评价；空冷长度；空冷力；优化；ANSYS 模拟 山东科技大学博士学位论文摘要 2 ABSTRACT With the increase of the exploitation depth and the comprehensive mechanical exploitation capacity, the mine heat damage, which has been the sixth disaster following the water, fire, methane, coal dust and roof, has been extremely severe. It is a pressing problem to guarantee the safety of workers who work in the heat environment. The concept of mine heat safety environment is put forward in this paper. Through the simulation heat environment experiment, the limit anus-bowel temperature, heart rate and sweat rate that the workers can stand are determined. Based on the study of heat exchange between mine workers and underground environment and the experimental data, the thesis establishes the model between human temperature increase and heat environment, through which the working time that the workers can endure in the heat environment can be determined. It establishes the foundations of ascertaining suitable heat safety environment inds. Through the analysis of heat environment effecting on physiology, safety and psychology, the thesis brings forward the fuzzy assessment on heat safety environment. Meanwhile, the factor that heat environment effects on human body has been observed and measured in two coal mines for two years, and the heat safety environment index that fits high temperature coal mine in our country has been determined. That is, dry temperature at underground working environment of heat safety environment is no more than 27.5℃. Through heat distribution analysis in working face, the conception of underground heat safety working space has been raised, the underground air heat and humidity exchange principle and the processes of heat and mass transfer are analyzed, and the calculating of standard cold quantity, required cold quantity and refrigerating quantity before and after mechanical cooling down at high temperature coal face has been determined. After the air intake condition analysis, the conception of air cooling capacity is put forward. According to the fact that the outside air temperature change arouses the inlet air temperature change at coal face, the optimum air volume and cold quantity at different period have been determined. It studies the relation between air volume and cold quantity before mechanical cooling down, and determines rational air volume and the mine mechine cooling criteria. After the application of mechanical cooling down, it studies the optimum air volume and cold quantity and determines the suitable air volume and cold quantity. It brings forward the conception of air cooling down length, and determined the suitable position of air-cooler in intake alley. It also studies the coal face subsection cooling down, determines the suitable arrangement. Applying the APDL language of ANSYS, it establishes the cooling down model of high temperature working face, simulates the heat field of air flow at different intake air velocity and temperature before and after mechanical cooling down, and compares with the examine measurement at scene. The model is accurate and coincides with the fact. This simulation can be the basis of cooling down design in high temperature coal face. The above achievements in research is applied in 山东科技大学博士学位论文摘要 3 Tangkou coal mine,which receives an obvious economy and social benefits. K K K KeywordseywordseywordseywordsHeat safety environment,Heat working space, Fuzzy assessment, Air cooling down length,Air cooling down capacity,ANSYSmodeling 山东科技大学博士学位论文目录 I 目目录录 1 1 1 1绪绪绪绪论论论论1 1.1 课题研究的背景1 1.2 课题研究的历史及现状4 1.3 论文的主要内容和研究方法11 1.4 论文研究的理论意义和实用价值13 本章小结14 2 2 2 2高温矿井矿工作业时间与气候条件关系的研究高温矿井矿工作业时间与气候条件关系的研究高温矿井矿工作业时间与气候条件关系的研究高温矿井矿工作业时间与气候条件关系的研究15 2.1 人体与外界环境的热交换15 2.2 矿工热平衡方程的建立18 2.3 矿工热极限指标的确定21 2.4 矿工体温升高与热环境关系模型的建立27 2.5 我国煤矿热安全指标和标准33 本章小结33 3 3 3 3 热环境对人影响的评价方法及矿井热安全指标的确定热环境对人影响的评价方法及矿井热安全指标的确定热环境对人影响的评价方法及矿井热安全指标的确定热环境对人影响的评价方法及矿井热安全指标的确定35 3.1 热环境对人的影响35 3.2 矿井热环境的评价指标因素分析38 3.3 高温矿井热安全环境的评价体系42 3.4 唐口煤矿和东滩煤矿职工热环境的调查与分析47 3.5 我国高温矿井热安全环境的指标值53 本章小结54 4 4 4 4 高温工作面热力分析与冷量计算高温工作面热力分析与冷量计算高温工作面热力分析与冷量计算高温工作面热力分析与冷量计算56 4.1 风流的热湿交换及含湿量的计算56 4.2 高温工作面的热源及其分布60 4.3 高温工作面热源散热量的计算74 4.4 高温工作面冷量计算79 本章小结84 山东科技大学博士学位论文目录 II 5 5 5 5 高温工作面风量与需冷量的优化研究高温工作面风量与需冷量的优化研究高温工作面风量与需冷量的优化研究高温工作面风量与需冷量的优化研究86 5.1 高温工作面的进风空冷力86 5.2 高温工作面机械制冷前合理风量的确定及机械制冷降温的判据87 5.3 高温工作面机械制冷降温期间风量与冷量的优化96 5.4 空冷器的合理布置方式99 本章小结107 6高温工作面风流热力场模拟高温工作面风流热力场模拟高温工作面风流热力场模拟高温工作面风流热力场模拟110 6.1 高温工作面热质交换的理论模型110 6.2 高温工作面流场模拟模型的建立114 6.3 机械降温前不同的风流状态下温度场的模拟117 6.4 机械降温后在不同的风流状态和空冷器布置方式下的温度场的模拟124 6.5 高温工作面流场模拟模型分析131 本章小结132 7唐口煤矿降温实践唐口煤矿降温实践唐口煤矿降温实践唐口煤矿降温实践133 7.1 唐口煤矿热环境133 7.2 唐口煤矿冰制冷降温状况138 7.3 唐口煤矿采煤工作面需风量与冷量优化实践140 本章小结148 8 8 8 8 结论及展望结论及展望结论及展望结论及展望150 8.1 本文的主要工作及结论150 8.2 本文的创新之处151 8.3 下一步工作展望152 致致致致谢谢谢谢153 攻读博士期间主要成果攻读博士期间主要成果攻读博士期间主要成果攻读博士期间主要成果154 主要参考文献主要参考文献主要参考文献主要参考文献156 山东科技大学博士学位论文目录 III ContentsContentsContentsContents 1 1 1 1I I I Introductionntroductionntroductionntroduction1 1.1Background of Project1 1.2History and Present Situation of the Study about the Project4 1.3Main Contents and s11 1.4Research Theoretic Significant and Practical Value13 Brief Summary14 2 2 2 2S S S Studytudytudytudyofofofof thethethethe R R R Relationelationelationelation b b b betweenetweenetweenetween WWWWo o o or r r rkingkingkingking T T T Timeimeimeime andandandand ClimateClimateClimateClimate inininin HighHighHighHigh TemperatureTemperatureTemperatureTemperature CoalCoalCoalCoal MineMineMineMine15 2.1Heat Exchange between Body and Environment15 2.2Establishment of the Miner Heat Balance Equation18 2.3Determination of the Thermal Limiting Index to Miner21 2.4Establishment of the Model between Body Temperature Rise and Thermal Environment27 2.5Thermal Safety Index and Standard in Coal Mine in Our Country33 Brief Summary33 3 3 3 3AppraisementAppraisementAppraisementAppraisement ofofofof thethethethe HeatHeatHeatHeat EnvironmentEnvironmentEnvironmentEnvironment totototo MinerMinerMinerMiner andandandand DeterminationDeterminationDeterminationDetermination ofofofof ThermalThermalThermalThermal SafetySafetySafetySafetyIndexIndexIndexIndex35 3.1Influence of Heat Environment to Miner35 3.2Analysis of Factors of theAppraisement Index to Thermal Environment in Coal Mine38 3.3Appraisement System to Thermal Safety Environment in High Temperature Coal Mine42 3.4Investigation and Analysis to the Thermal Environment in Tangkou Mine and Dongtan Mine47 3.5Index of the Thermal Safety Environment in High Temperature in Our Country53 Brief Summary54 4 4 4 4HeatHeatHeatHeatAnalysisAnalysisAnalysisAnalysis andandandand CalculationCalculationCalculationCalculation ofofofof thethethethe CoolingCoolingCoolingCooling QuantityQuantityQuantityQuantityinininin HighHighHighHighTemperatureTemperatureTemperatureTemperatureWorkingWorkingWorkingWorking FaceFaceFaceFace56 4.1 Exchangement between Heat and Moisture in Wind Current and Ccalculation of Moisture Content56 4.2Sources and Distribution of Heat in High Temperature Working Face60 山东科技大学博士学位论文目录 IV 4.3Calculation of Heat Source in High Temperature Working Face74 4.4Calculation of Cooling Quantity in High Temperature Working Face79 Brief Summary84 5 5 5 5OptimizationOptimizationOptimizationOptimization betweenbetweenbetweenbetweenAirAirAirAirQuantityQuantityQuantityQuantity andandandand RequiredRequiredRequiredRequired CoolingCoolingCoolingCooling QuantityQuantityQuantityQuantity86 5.1 Air Inlet Cooling Power in High Temperature Working Face86 5.2 Determination of Reasonable Air Quantity before Mechanical Refrigeration and Criterion of Mechanical Refrigeration in High Temperature Working Face87 5.3 Optimization between Air Quantity and Required Cooling Quantity during the Mechanical Refrigeration in High Temperature Working Face 96 5.4 Reasonable Layout Mode of the Air Cooler99 Brief Summary107 6 6 6 6SimulationSimulationSimulationSimulation ofofofof WindWindWindWind CurrentCurrentCurrentCurrent HeatHeatHeatHeatFieldFieldFieldField inininin HighHighHighHigh TemperatureTemperatureTemperatureTemperature WorkingWorkingWorkingWorking FaceFaceFaceFace110 6.1Theoretical Model about Heat and Material Exchange in High Temperature Working Face110 6.2Establishment of the Flow Field Simulation Model in High Temperature Working Face114 6.3Temperature Field Simulation under the Different Wind Current Mode before Mechanical Refrigeration117 6.4Temperature Field Simulation under the DifferentWind Current Mode and Layout Mode of theAir Cooler after Mechanical Refrigeration124 6.5Analysis to the Flow Field Simulation Model in High Temperature Working Face131 Brief Summary132 7 7 7 7C C C CoolingoolingoolingoolingPracticePracticePracticePractice ininininTangkouTangkouTangkouTangkou CaolCaolCaolCaol MineMineMineMine133 7.1T