获各琦铜矿通风系统优化研究.pdf
II 摘摘 要要 获各琦铜矿是一个以铜为主的特大型多金属矿山,矿床采用主、副竖井与斜坡道联合 开拓,矿井通风系统为中央进风两翼回风的两翼对角抽出式通风系统。矿山开采规模由原 来 20010 4t/a 扩大至 400104t/a,随着深部开拓工程的实施,现有通风系统在通风网络、 通风设施及通风效果等方面均存在一定问题,已严重制约矿山正常的安全生产。因此,对 获各琦铜矿的通风系统进行优化设计研究,建立一个安全可靠、技术可行、经济合理、管 理方便的通风系统,对保证获各琦铜矿安全生产具有重要的现实意义。 在对获各琦铜矿通风系统进行了全面的调查、测定、分析的基础上,运用矿井通风较 为成熟的技术对获各琦铜矿通风系统展开研究。根据矿山实际生产状况,提出多种合理可 行的系统改造方案,并对各个方案进行网络解算。通过建立通风系统优化指标体系,再分别 运用灰色关联度的模糊层次组合优选模型和层次分析与密切值法组合的优选数学模型对方 案进行优选,确定出最优的通风系统改造方案。 本文通过建立优化指标体系及通风系统方案优选数学模型,对获各琦铜矿通风系统方案 进行优选,其优选出的方案对改善矿山通风条件具有良好的效果,有效地扭转了原通风系统 无法满足生产要求的局面。从方案优选的过程来看多目标决策的密切值法不仅可以解决模 糊数学等理论所能解决的问题,而且还具有原理清晰,方法简洁,结果可靠性高等优点; 灰色关联度的模糊层次组合优选模型则基于灰色理论、模糊综合评价、层次分析法三者优 点为一体,该模型最大限度地避开人为因素的干扰,使得优选的结果更加客观、科学、可 靠。这两个优选模型可为矿山技术人员在今后多目标决策中提供科学合理的优选方法。 关键词关键词 通风系统;优化指标;层次分析法;密切值法;模糊层次;方案优选 III Abstract Huo Geqi copper mine is a large polymetallic mine,Its main product is copper concentrate. The mine is excavated by a main shaft , a auxiliary shaft and slope ramp.The mine ventilation system is central into wind the two wings of return air wings diagonal drawer-type ventilation system. Now the production of the mine has expanded from the original 200 x 104 t/a to 400 x 104 t/a. With the deep development project implementation, the present ventilation syatem exists some problems in ventilation network, facilities and effect, which have already seriously constrainted the normal safety production. Therefore, establishing such ventilation with the characteristics of safety, reliability, technical feasibility, economic rationality and management convenience by optimizing design and research of the mine ventilation system, which have a pratical signifance to safety production. Conducting the research of the mine ventilation system by applying the mature technology based on full investigation, testing and analysis of the original ventilation system. According to the mine actual production condition, reasonable and feasible modification scheme was put forward, then network caculation was made for each scheme. Through the establishment of the ventilation system optimization index system, and then the gray relation grade, using respectively fuzzy hierarchy combination optimum model and hierarchical analysis of optimal combination closely value mathematical model to scheme selection, ultimately determine the optimal ventilation system re plan. Through the establishment of the ventilation system optimization index system, and then the gray relation grade, using respectively fuzzy hierarchy combination optimum model and hierarchical analysis of optimal combination closely value mathematical model to scheme selection, ultimately determine the optimal ventilation system re plan. The ventilation system plan was optimized by the mathematical model established on the plan, which has obtained good effect on the mine ventilation condition and turned the original situation that ventilation system cant meet the production requirements. In the process of plan optimization, multi-objective decision of osculating can not only solve what problems fuzzy mathematics theory can solve, but also has the advantages of clear principle, concise and high reliability; The optimization model of fuzzy hierarchy portfolio on grey correlation was built based on the grey theory, fuzzy synthetic uation and analytic hierarchy process can avoid the interference of human factors at maximum, making the optimization results more objective, scientific and reliable. Both of the model could provide scientific and reasonable decision for mine technicist. Key words Ventilation system;Optimization index;Analytic hierarchy process ahp;Close value Osculating ;The fuzzy hierarchy;Plan optimization IV 目目 录录 第一章 绪 论 .................................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 矿井通风理论技术发展概况 ............................................................................................ 1 1.1.1 国内外矿井通风理论与技术研究进展 .................................................................. 1 1.1.2 矿井通风技术难点问题 ........................................................................................... 2 1.2 矿井通风系统优化设计综述 ............................................................................................ 2 1.2.1 矿井通风系统优化的意义 ...................................................................................... 3 1.2.2 矿井通风系统优化的基本内容及步骤 .................................................................. 3 1.2.3 矿井通风系统方案的优化方法 .............................................................................. 4 1.2.4 矿井通风系统优化研究的发展方向 ...................................................................... 5 1.3 课题的提出 ........................................................................................................................ 5 1.4 论文的研究内容及目的意义 ............................................................................................ 5 1.4.1 主要研究内容 .......................................................................................................... 6 1.4.2 目的与意义 .............................................................................................................. 6 第二章 矿井通风系统优化技术 .................................................................................................... 7 2.1 矿井通风网络设计优化 .................................................................................................... 7 2.1.1 矿井通风井巷工程费用计算 ................................................................................... 7 2.1.2 矿井通风井巷网络断面优化 ................................................................................... 9 2.2 矿井通风网络调节优化 .................................................................................................. 10 2.3 矿井通风网络风量分配优化 .......................................................................................... 11 2.4 通风机优选 ...................................................................................................................... 12 2.5 小结 .................................................................................................................................. 13 第三章 通风系统现状调查、测定及评价 .................................................................................. 14 3.1 矿山基本概况 .................................................................................................................. 14 3.1.1 矿山交通、地质概况 ............................................................................................ 14 3.1.2 矿床开拓与运输系统 ............................................................................................. 14 3.1.3 采矿方法 ................................................................................................................. 15 3.1.4 矿井通风系统现状 ................................................................................................. 16 3.2 通风系统调查及测定结果 ............................................................................................... 16 3.2.1 主要测定仪器 ......................................................................................................... 16 3.2.2 测定内容、方法及结果 ........................................................................................ 17 3.3 通风系统鉴定指标 .......................................................................................................... 21 3.3.1 基本指标 ................................................................................................................ 21 3.3.2 综合指标 ................................................................................................................ 23 3.3.3 辅助指标 ................................................................................................................ 23 V 3.4 通风系统评价 .................................................................................................................. 24 3.4.1 存在问题 ................................................................................................................ 24 3.4.2 改进意见及建议 .................................................................................................... 25 3.5 小结 .................................................................................................................................. 26 第四章 矿井通风系统优化设计方案 .......................................................................................... 27 4.1 通风系统优化设计依据及确定原则 .............................................................................. 27 4.1.1 通风系统优化设计依据 ........................................................................................ 27 4.1.2 确定矿井通风系统的原则 .................................................................................... 27 4.2 全矿需风量的计算 .......................................................................................................... 27 4.2.1 同时作业的需风点点数确定 ................................................................................ 28 4.2.2 各作业点需风量计算 ............................................................................................ 28 4.2.3 全矿所需风量计算 ................................................................................................ 31 4.2.4 风量校核 ................................................................................................................. 31 4.2.5 全矿总风量确定 ..................................................................................................... 32 4.3 自然风压计算 .................................................................................................................. 32 4.4 矿井通风系统方案的提出 .............................................................................................. 33 4.4.1 通风系统拟定 ......................................................................................................... 33 4.4.2 矿井通风系统方案 ................................................................................................. 34 4.5 各通风方案网络解算 ...................................................................................................... 36 4.5.1 矿井通风网络解算说明 ........................................................................................ 36 4.5.2 方案Ⅰ矿井通风网络参数 .................................................................................... 36 4.5.3 方案Ⅰ矿井主要风路风量解算结果 ..................................................................... 36 4.6 小结 .................................................................................................................................. 38 第五章 矿井通风系统优化设计评价指标 .................................................................................. 39 5.1 通风系统指标选取 .......................................................................................................... 39 5.2 通风系统方案优化指标说明 .......................................................................................... 39 5.2.1 技术先进性指标 .................................................................................................... 39 5.2.2 经济合理性指标 .................................................................................................... 41 5.2.3 安全可靠性指标 .................................................................................................... 42 5.3 通风系统方案优化指标权重分配 .................................................................................. 43 5.3.1 层次分析法基本原理 ............................................................................................ 43 5.3.2 层次分析法基本步骤 ............................................................................................ 44 5.3.3 通风系统方案优化指标权重计算 ........................................................................ 47 5.4 小结 .................................................................................................................................. 52 第六章 矿井通风系统优化方案 .................................................................................................. 53 VI 6.1 矿井通风系统优化方案优选模型 .................................................................................. 62 6.1.1 矿井通风系统优化方案模糊优选 ........................................................................ 62 6.1.2 基于密切值法的矿井通风系统优选模型 ............................................................ 74 6.1.3 基于灰色关联分析法矿井通风系统方案优选模型 ............................................ 92 6.1.4 矿井通风系统方案优选模型分析 ........................................................................ 99 6.2 获各琦通风系统设计方案的优选 ................................................................................ 101 6.2.1 通风系统优化设计指标计算 .............................................................................. 101 6.2.2 通风优化设计方案确定 ...................................................................................... 104 6.3 获各琦铜矿阶段通风网路优化方案 ............................................................................ 108 6.3.1 矿井通风网路确定 ............................................................................................... 108 6.3.2 矿井通风系统的调控与通风构筑物的设置 ...................................................... 113 6.4 通风系统优化方案实施效果分析 ................................................................................ 114 6.5 小结 ................................................................................................................................ 114 第七章 结论 ................................................................................................................................ 115 附件 A获各琦铜矿矿井通风网络参数 .................................................................................. 117 附件 B通风系统计算机模拟计算结果 .................................................................................. 119 附件 C通风系统网络简化图 .................................................................................................. 124 1 第一章第一章 绪绪 论论 矿井通风系统对地下开采而言犹如血液循环对人体一样重要,良好的通风系统是矿山 安全生产的重要保障之一[1]。通风系统是矿山生产系统中的一个子系统,它是为矿山生产 服务,同时又可制约着生产系统。矿井通风系统的优劣与否直接影响矿山的安全生产和经 济效益。随着矿山生产的规模扩大,矿井开拓进一步延伸,采掘工程系统不断跟进,这必 然使得通风系统网络在局部结构上发生变化,也使得系统各项结构参数发生渐变和突变。 这些因素的变更必然会影响矿山正常的通风,进而制约的矿山的正常生产,因此对矿井通 风系统进行优化研究,建立一个合理、安全、可靠的通风系统是保障矿山安全生产的前置 条件。 1.1 1.1 矿井通风理论技术发展概况矿井通风理论技术发展概况 1.1.1 国内外矿井通风理论与技术研究进展 1.1.1.1 国内金属矿山通风技术的发展 近几十年来,我国矿井通风技术人员在通风领域进行了广泛而深入的研究, 无论是在 理论上,还是在实践中,都取得了突破性的进展。至本世纪 50 年代,逐步建立机械通风系 统以来矿井通风理论与技术研究取得主要进展如下[2] (1)对矿井通风阻力进行广泛的研 究和测定; (2)建立各类工作面紊流传质方程和污染物浓度的计算模型,提供了风量计算 的理论依据; (3)电子计算机应用于复杂通风网络分析,这为矿井通风系统的分析提供了 一个有效的方法; (4)射流通风理论和技术的发展,利用风流动压方向性的特点,应用于 调节器控制风流方向; (5)矿井火灾时非稳定流动的不断深入研究,并建立了一些典型的 火灾控制方案(6)受控循环通风理论推动了空气净化装置和污染控制技术的发展, (7)矿 井热力学理论体系的初步形成; (8)露天矿山通风理论与技术研究; (9)矿井通风仿真技 术的研究和发展,为矿井通风系统优化方案提供了科学依据; (10)矿井通风系统优化控制 和人工智能技术的发展 [3]。 我国矿井通风技术的发展从 60 年代,建立分区通风系统和棋盘式通风网络,到 70 年 代,梳式通风网络、爆堆通风以及地温预热等技术发展[4]。进入 80 年代后,我国金属矿