开元矿中厚煤层工作面绕采沿空留巷技术研究.pdf

工程硕士专业学位论文 开元矿中厚煤层工作面绕采沿空留巷 技术研究 Study on Gob-side Entry Retaining Tchnology in Medium-thick Seam of Kaiyuan Coal Mine 作 者吴杨生 导 师秦 伟 副研究员 中国矿业大学 二〇二一年五月 万方数据 学位论文使用授权声明学位论文使用授权声明 本人完全了解中国矿业大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，同意本人所撰 写的学位论文的使用授权按照学校的管理规定处理 作为申请学位的条件之一， 学位论文著作权拥有者须授权所在学校拥有学位 论文的部分使用权，即①学校档案馆和图书馆有权保留学位论文的纸质版和电 子版，可以使用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编学位论文；②为教学和 科研目的，学校档案馆和图书馆可以将公开的学位论文作为资料在档案馆、图书 馆等场所或在校园网上供校内师生阅读、浏览。另外，根据有关法规，同意中国 国家图书馆保存研究生学位论文。 （保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权书）。 作者签名 导师签名 年 月 日 年 月 日 万方数据 中图分类号 TD322 学校代码 10290 UDC 622 密 级 公开 中国矿业大学 工程硕士专业学位论文 开元矿中厚煤层工作面绕采沿空留巷 技术研究 Study on Gob-side Entry Retaining Tchnology in Medium-thick Seam of Kaiyuan Coal Mine 作 者 吴杨生 导 师 秦 伟 申请学位 工程硕士专业学位 培养单位 矿业工程学院 学科专业 矿业工程 研究方向 矿山压力及控制 答辩委员会主席 郑西贵 评 阅 人 二〇二一年五月 万方数据 致谢致谢 感谢光阴荏苒，转眼间研究生学习即将结束，历经大半年时间磨砺，硕士毕 业论文终于完稿， 本论文是在尊敬的导师秦伟副研究员和各位师兄弟的悉心指导、 帮助下完成的，值此论文完成之际，我要向他们表达我最诚挚的感谢。 首先，感谢恩师秦伟副研究员在硕士研究课题的设计、实施和论文撰写过程 中对我悉心和无私的帮助。本文从最初的选题到最终完成，皆得益于导师敏锐的 观察力和独到的思维角度，论文的字里行间也处处倾透着老师的心血。秦伟老师 不仅为我创造了优越的科研和学习环境，同时在思想上、人生态度和意志品质方 面给予了我谆谆教诲， 秦伟老师严谨的治学态度以及对事业的孜孜追求将影响和 激励我的一生，他对我的关心和教诲我更将永远铭记。借此机会，我谨向秦伟老 师致以深深的谢意。 同时，我还要感谢开元公司相关领导及同事在论文写作期间给予的帮助，你 们无私的指点与思想的火花，使得我的论文能更趋完善与成熟。 此外，还要感谢我的家人，谢谢你们对我学业上的支持以及生活上的理解与 照顾。 最后，感谢各位专家和教授在百忙之中评审本文，谢谢你们给了我一个审视 几年学习成果的机会，期待各位老师的更多的指导和启迪。 万方数据 I 摘摘 要要 瓦斯超限是高瓦斯矿井安全生产面临的重要威胁，沿空留巷实现了 Y 型通 风，可有效解决工作面瓦斯超限问题，同时还避免了“双 U 型”通风方式，缓解 了采掘衔接压力， 也避免了煤炭资源的大量损失。 但是沿空留巷巷道受回采超前、 侧向及滞后采动压力影响， 巷道围岩受动压作用影响比普通回采巷道表现的更为 剧烈， 巷旁支护以及巷内支护的优化研究对巷道支护就显得极为重要， 本文针对 复杂构造区沿空留巷巷道支护与优化问题进行研究，并取得如下研究成果 1 通过数值模拟确定巷道位置的合理布置。通过分析陷落柱构造应力对巷 道围岩应力分布、变形量、塑性区发育情况，最后采用与陷落柱间煤柱宽度 15m 进行巷道布置。 2 分析了构造应力对巷道布置及留巷的影响。构造应力在埋深 400m 左右 可近似看作是水平应力，对处于高水平应力范围内的巷道而言，需要高整个支护 系统的预紧力，以主动支护替代被动支护，提高围岩的抗拉与抗剪能力，才能达 到主动支护的效果，为后期留巷奠定基础。 3 分析了构造区域沿空留巷顶板的结构特性。回采期间，受采动及陷落柱 构造应力双重影响，通过现场实践经验及计算得到 3903 短工作面初次来压步距 达到 25m 左右，工作面矿压显现较缓和，对巷旁充填体及上覆岩层的稳定性具 有积极作用。 4 开展了掘巷、回采留巷期间，巷道应力、巷道变形变化规律数值模拟研 究。 确定了巷内基本支护采用高预紧力、高强度和高刚度锚杆与锚索联合支护技 术体系，综合考虑 3903 绕巷服务工作面时间、后期作用及综合经济效益，确定 充填体宽度为 1.5m，成功指导了开元公司沿空留巷工程实践。 该论文有图 45 幅，表 12 个，参考文献 66 篇。 关键词关键词沿空留巷；构造应力；数值模拟；巷内支护；巷旁支护 万方数据 II Abstract For gas outburst mines and mining working face gas is the main reason that restricts safe production, for the realization of Y type ventilation, effectively solve the problem of working face gas overrun, but also to avoid the “double u-shape ventilation way, reduced the quantity of roadway, alleviate the pressure mining cohesion, also to avoid the loss of hundreds of coal resources. But along the empty left lane roadway influenced by mining, lateral and lag of mining pressure, surrounding rock of roadway affected by dynamic pressure effect perance than ordinary extraction tunnel is more intense, the choice of the support as well as within the lane on the roadway support is very important, and thus develop along the roadway for the reasonable supporting research has important practical significance, and has achieved the following research results 1 The reasonable arrangement of the roadway location was determined by numerical simulation. By analyzing the trap column tectonic stress on the stress distribution, deation amount and plastic zone development of the tunnel surrounding rock, finally the width of coal column with the trap column between 15m was used for the tunnel arrangement; 2 The influence of tectonic stress on roadway layout and entry retention is analyzed. The structural stress can be approximately regarded as the horizontal stress in the buried depth of about 400 meters. In order to achieve the effect of active support, the roadway must be supported by high preloading force system, changing passive support into active support, improving the tensile and shear strength of surrounding rock, and laying the foundation for retaining roadway in the later stage; 3 The structural characteristics of the roof plate along the hollow stay lane in the tectonic area were analyzed. During the recovery period, under the dual influence of mining and trap column tectonic stress, the initial incoming pressure step of 3903 short working face reaches about 25m through field practice experience and calculation, and the mineral pressure at the working face appears more moderate, which has a positive effect on the stability of the filling body and overlying rock layer beside the lane; 4 The comprehensive analysis determined that the basic support in the lane adopts the joint support technology system of high preload, high strength and high stiffness anchor rod and anchor cable, and the filling body width was determined to be 万方数据 III 1.5m, taking into account the service working face time, later role and comprehensive economic benefits of 3903 bypass lane, which successfully guided the practice of Kaiyuan along the hollow stay lane project. The paper has 45 figures, 12 tables, and 66 references. Keywords dip layout; tunneling mutual disturbance; protective coal pillar; surrounding rock control 万方数据 IV 目目 录录 摘摘 要要 ............................................................................................................................ I 目目 录录 ......................................................................................................................... IV 图清单图清单 ...................................................................................................................... VIII 表清单表清单 ......................................................................................................................... XI 变量注释表变量注释表 ................................................................................................................ XII 1 绪论绪论 ............................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 概述.......................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 国内外研究现状...................................................................................................... 2 1.3 研究内容和技术路线.............................................................................................. 3 2 矿井生产地质条件矿井生产地质条件 .................................................................................................... 5 2.1 矿井概况.................................................................................................................. 5 2.2 试验巷道生产地质条件.......................................................................................... 5 3 工作面绕采围岩结构特征及顶板活动规律工作面绕采围岩结构特征及顶板活动规律 ............................................................ 9 3.1 构造区域对巷道布置的影响.................................................................................. 9 3.2 构造区域沿空留巷顶板结构特征........................................................................ 17 3.3 构造应力对留巷的影响........................................................................................ 18 3.4 巷旁支护强度的确定............................................................................................ 19 3.5 本章小结................................................................................................................ 20 4 工作面绕采沿空留巷围岩变形规律及控制技术工作面绕采沿空留巷围岩变形规律及控制技术 .................................................. 23 4.1 数值模型的建立.................................................................................................... 23 4.2 沿空留巷围岩应力分布及变形特征.................................................................... 23 4.3 3903 工作面沿空留巷矿压显现规律.................................................................... 29 4.4 沿空留巷巷内支护技术........................................................................................ 29 4.5 沿空留巷巷旁支护技术........................................................................................ 34 4.6 本章小结................................................................................................................ 39 5 工业性试验工业性试验 .............................................................................................................. 41 5.1 巷道围岩控制技术................................................................................................ 41 5.2 矿压观测效果分析................................................................................................ 43 万方数据 V 5.3 社会经济效益分析................................................................................................ 46 5.4 本章小结................................................................................................................ 48 6 主要结论主要结论 .................................................................................................................. 49 参考文献参考文献 ...................................................................................................................... 50 作者简历作者简历 ...................................................................................................................... 54 学位论文原创性声明学位论文原创性声明 .................................................................................................. 55 学位论文数据集学位论文数据集 .......................................................................................................... 56 万方数据 VI Contents Abstract ......................................................................................................................... II Contents ...................................................................................................................... VI List of Figures .......................................................................................................... VIII List of Tables .............................................................................................................. XI List of Variables ........................................................................................................ XII 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Research Status at Home and Abroad ....................................................................... 2 1.3 Research Contents and Technical Route ................................................................... 3 2 Production Geological Condition of the Coal Mine ................................................ 5 2.1 General Situation of the Coal Mine .......................................................................... 5 2.2 Production Geological Condition of Roadway ......................................................... 5 3 Structural Characteristics of Surrounding Rock and Roof Movement Law ....... 9 3.1 The Influence of Structural Area on Roadway Layout ............................................. 9 3.2 Roadways Roof Structure Characteristics of Gob-side Entry retention ................. 17 3.3 Influence of structural stress on entry retention ...................................................... 18 3.4 Determination of Roadway Side Support Strength ................................................. 19 3.5 Brief Summary ...................................................................................................... 20 4 Study on the Rational Width of the Protective Coal Pillar .................................. 23 4.1 The Foundation of Numerical Simulation Model ................................................... 23 4.2 Stress Distribution and Deation Characteristics of Surrounding Rock Around Gob-side Entry Retaining ............................................................................................. 23 4.3 Appear Law of Mining Pressure for Gob-side Entry Retaining of 3903 working face .............................................................................................................................. 29 4.4 Technique of Enhanced for Roadway of Gob-side Entry Retaining ..................... 29 4.5 The System of Support Technology in Roadside for Retaining Entry along Gob-side ........................................................................................................................ 34 4.6 Brief Summary ........................................................................................................ 39 5 Industrial Testing ..................................................................................................... 41 万方数据 VII 5.1 Control Technology of Surrounding Rock at Experimental Roadway ................... 41 5.2 Observation Result Analysis ................................................................................... 43 5.3 Analysis of Social and Economic Benefits ............................................................. 46 5.4 Brief Summary ........................................................................................................ 48 6 Main Conclusions ..................................................................................................... 49 References .................................................................................................................... 50 Author’s Resume ......................................................................................................... 54 Declaration of Thesis Originality .............................................................................. 55 Dissertation Date Collection....................................................................................... 56 万方数据 VIII 图清图清单单 List of Figures 图序号 图名称 页码 图 1-1 技术路线 4 Figure 1-1 Technical line 4 图 2-1 试验巷道平面位置示意图 6 Figure 2-1 Plane position sketch of experiment roadway 6 图 2-2 3903 工作面运巷支护方案 8 Figure 2-2 Original supporting scheme in haulage roadway of 3903 working face 8 图 3-1 几何模型 9 Figure 3-1 Rock ations model 9 图 3-2 数值模拟模型 10 Figure 3-2 Model of numerical simulation 10 图 3-3 掘进过程中水平应力云图 11 Figure 3-3 Horizontal stress nephogram during tunneling 11 图 3-4 掘进过程中垂直应力分布 12 Figure 3-4 Vertical stress nephogram in the process of roadway excavation 12 图 3-5 掘进过程中围岩水平位移云图 13 Figure 3-5 Cloud image of horizontal displacement of surrounding rock during excavation 13 图 3-6 掘进过程中围岩垂直位移云图 14 Figure 3-6 Cloud image of vertical displacement of surrounding rock during tunneling 14 图 3-7 掘进过程中围岩塑性区分布 15 Figure 3-7 Distribution of plastic zone in surrounding rock during excavation 15 图 3-8 掘进过程中顶底板移近量 16 Figure 3-8 Amount of roof and floor movement during driving 16 图 3-9 掘进过程中两帮移近量曲线 17 Figure 3-9 The curve of displacement of two sides in the process of driving 17 图 3-10 绕巷沿空留巷图 17 Figure 3-10 Roadway around and gob retention diagram 17 图 3-11 沿空留巷基本顶破断的基本形态 18 Figure 3-11 Schematic diagram of fracture mechanical structure of the old roof 18 图 3-12 沿空留巷围岩结构模型 18 Fig