基于DeST模拟的太原市既有办公建筑节能改造技术研究.pdf
分类号学校代码10112 密级 硕硕 士士 学学 位位 论论 文文 (学(学 术术 学学 位)位) 基于基于 DeSTDeST 模拟的太原市既有办公建筑节能改造模拟的太原市既有办公建筑节能改造 技术研究技术研究 姓名张琛 学号2018510331 培养单位太原理工大学 学科建筑学 研究方向建筑设计及其理论 指导教师高宇波教授 论文提交日期2021 年 5 月 ADissertation ted to Taiyuan University of Technology In partial fulfillment of the requirement For the degree of Master Research on energy saving reconstruction technology of existing office buildings in Taiyuan based on dest simulation By Chen Zhang College ofArchitecture May 2021 学位论文原创性声明 本人郑重声明所呈交的学位论文,是本人在导师的指导下,独立进 行研究所取得的成果。除文中已经注明引用的内容外,本论文不包含其他 个人或集体已发表或撰写过的科研成果。对本文的研究做出贡献的个人和 集体,均已在文中以明确方式标明。本声明的法律责任由本人承担。 论文作者签名签字日期年日 学位论文版权使用授权书 本学位论文作者和指导教师完全了解太原理工大学有关保留、使用学 位论文的规定学校有权保留并向国家有关部门或机构送交学位论文的复 印件和电子版;允许本学位论文被查阅和借阅;学校可以将本学位论文的 全部或部分内容编入有关数据库进行检索,可以采用影印、缩印或其他复 制手段保存和汇编本学位论文。 本学位论文属于保密 □在年解密后适用本授权书 不保密□ 论文作者签名 签字日期2021 2021 6月9 年 导师签名 签字日期月日202169年日69月 学位论文答辩信息表 论文题目基于 DeST 模拟的太原市既有办公建筑节能改造技术研 究 答辩日期2021 年 6 月 3 日答辩秘书武捷 学位论文答辩委员会成员 姓名职称工作单位备注 王金平教授太原理工大学建筑学院主席 赵健彬副教授太原理工大学建筑学院委员 李弢副教授太原理工大学建筑学院委员 山西省重点研发计划资助项目(社发) (201903D321035) “山西省既有建筑性能评价及改造技术研究” 摘要 I 摘摘要要 我国建筑产业产生的建筑能耗在社会总能耗的占比中尤为突出。 实行各项节能政策 后,既有公共建筑仍然具备很大的节能空间。而既有公共建筑中,办公建筑由于其能耗 占比大、节能策略不足等问题,存在很大的节能潜力。太原市作为山西省的省会城市, 在逐步推进城市化发展的进程中,除了不断开发城市空间以外,对城市现存的既有建筑 进行改造也是其中重要一环。太原市许多九十年代、二十世纪初甚至更早建造的既有办 公建筑存量很大,其办公条件和建筑能耗都存在无法忽视的问题。而山西省政府近年来 不断推出各项建筑节能改造政策, 在各项政策中明确提出了对于既有办公建筑的处理要 严防大拆大建、要因地制宜进行合理的改造工作。因此本文以太原市既有办公建筑为研 究对象,研究路线为通过对太原市典型性既有办公建筑能耗各类因素进行分析,从而提 出以太原市为代表的寒冷地区适宜性节能改造技术。 本文首先对论文的研究的目的与研究意义进行了阐述, 目的在于分析如今的城市化 大背景下既有办公建筑存在的能耗问题, 并对其能耗因素进行分析以及提出相应的改造 技术;研究意义在于为寒冷地区办公建筑节能改造相关研究进行补充和完善。这部分内 容首先通过文献调查与实际走访等调研方式调研了太原市的既有办公建筑。 调研内容主 要包含分析调研对象的围护结构现状和暖通空调设备现状进而了解其能耗结构及节能 空间所在,为下一步节能改造技术的研究打下基础。 其次,在了解了太原市既有办公建筑现状问题之后,论文的第二部分内容是对影响 既有办公建筑能耗的各因素进行分析,以期得出各因素对建筑的不同影响程度。在具体 的研究方法上,采用 DeST 动态模拟软件建立典型性办公建筑基准模型,首先对围护结 构的主要改造部位进行单因素分析,分析其具体传热系数对节能效果的影响程度并得出 适宜的传热系数值。 然后通过 spss 分析软件及回归分析法对提取的影响既有办公建筑能 耗的十个因素进行全局分析,分析其对能耗的影响程度的大小。 最后,在前文研究基础上总结和归纳太原市既有办公建筑节能改造目标及改造准 则,进而提出当前建筑实践中各类节能改造技术和改造措施的具体运用,进一步提出针 对太原市这一寒冷地区城市的适宜性节能改造技术策略。论文最后,通过实例研究,对 太原市具体的项目案例进行节能改造技术方案设计,并利用 DeST 软件对改造前后的节 能效果做出对比,同时对选出的具体改造方案中节能技术的应用及构造做法进行分析, 进一步验证本文研究的可行性和科学性。 本文希望通过上述研究, 为山西省既有办公建筑的节能改造发展提供有效的数据支 撑,帮助进行既有办公建筑节能改造的决策者、管理者以及相关设计人员对既有建筑的 改造有更加系统的了解,同时希望山西省既有办公建筑的节能改造发展能更进一步。 太原理工大学硕士学位论文 II 关键词关键词既有办公建筑;建筑节能;DeST 模拟;节能改造;能耗模拟 ABSTRACT III ABSTRACT The construction energy consumption produced by the construction industry in China is especially prominent in the proportion of the total energy consumption in the society. After the implementation of energy conservation policy, the existing public buildings still have a large space for energy conservation. In public buildings, office buildings have great potential for energy conservation because of their large proportion of energy consumption and insufficient energy saving strategies. Taiyuan, as the capital city of Shanxi Province, is the representative of the new urbanization development in China. While developing urban space on a large scale, many existing office buildings built in the early 21st century or earlier have been unable to be ignored in terms of energy consumption and meeting the demands of modern office due to their large stock. Shanxi provincial government attaches great importance to the energy saving transation of existing office buildings. In various policies, it is clearly proposed that the treatment of existing office buildings should be strictly preventedfromlarge-scaledemolitionandlarge-scaleconstruction,andreasonable transation should be carried out according to local conditions. Therefore, the research focus of this paper is to analyze the energy consumption of existing office buildings, and propose the energy saving technology of suitability in cold areas represented by Taiyuan city. This paper first expounds the purpose and significance of the research, and puts forward the typical existing office buildings in Taiyuan as the research object, aiming to analyze the existing energy consumption problems of existing buildings under the background of urbanization, and to analyze the energy consumption factors and propose the corresponding transation technology. This part of the content through the literature survey and the actual visit survey of Taiyuan City, 7 representative existing office buildings. The research content includes analyzing the current situation of building envelope structure and HVAC equipment, and then understanding the energy consumption structure and energy-saving space, which lays a foundation for the next energy saving transation technology research. Secondly, after understanding the existing office buildings in Taiyuan, the second part of the paper is to analyze the energy consumption factors of existing office buildings, in order to get the different influence degree of each factor on the building. In the specific research , the standard model of typical office building is established by DeST dynamic simulation software. Firstly, the single factor analysis is carried out on the main transation parts of the envelope structure, and the degree of the influence of the specific heat transfer coefficient on the energy saving effect is obtained. Then, the paper analyzes the ten factors that influence 太原理工大学硕士学位论文 IV the energy consumption of existing office buildings by SPSS software and regression analysis, and analyzes the degree and order of their influence on energy consumption. Finally, based on the previous research, the paper summarizes and summarizes the energy saving transation objectives and transation criteria of existing office buildings in Taiyuan, and then puts forward the specific application of various energy-saving transation technologies and measures in the current market, and further puts forward the appropriate energy saving transation technology strategy for this cold area city of Taiyuan. Finally, through case study, the paper designs the energy saving transation technology scheme for specific project cases, and compares the energy saving effect before and after the transation by using DeST software. At the same time, it analyzes the applicationandconstructions of energysaving technologyin the specific transation scheme, and further verifies the feasibility and scientificity of the research. This paper hopes to provide effective data support for the energy-saving transation and development of existing office buildings in Shanxi Province through the above research, and help the decision makers, managers and relevant designers to have a more systematic understanding of the transation of existing buildings, and hope that the energy-saving transation and development of existing office buildings in Shanxi Province can be further developed. Keywords Existing office buildings; Building energy conservation; Dest simulation; Energy saving transation; Energy consumption simulation 目录 V 目录 摘要.........................................................................................................................................I ABSTRACT............................................................................................................................III 第一章 绪 论.............................................................................................................................1 1.1 研究背景及意义..........................................................................................................1 1.2 研究对象......................................................................................................................4 1.3 研究内容与方法..........................................................................................................5 1.3.1 研究内容...........................................................................................................5 1.3.2 研究方法...........................................................................................................6 1.4 国内外相关理论及实践研究......................................................................................7 1.4.1 国外相关理论及实践研究...............................................................................7 1.4.2 国内相关理论及实践研究.............................................................................11 1.5 本文研究的必要性....................................................................................................15 第二章 太原地区既有办公建筑能耗现状调研及分析.........................................................17 2.1 太原市概况................................................................................................................17 2.1.1 太原市地理环境概况.....................................................................................17 2.1.2 太原市气候环境概况.....................................................................................18 2.2 调查与评估方法........................................................................................................22 2.2.1 调查方法的概念及类型.................................................................................22 2.2.2 调查方法的选取.............................................................................................24 2.3 调研对象的选取及调研内容....................................................................................24 2.4 调研现状及问题分析................................................................................................25 2.4.1 太原地区既有办公建筑调研现状.................................................................25 2.4.2 太原地区办公建筑现状问题分析.................................................................38 2.5 本章小结....................................................................................................................39 第三章 基于 DeST 模拟的既有办公建筑能耗影响因素分析...............................................41 3.1 能耗影响因素的选取................................................................................................41 3.1.1 围护结构参数.................................................................................................41 太原理工大学硕士学位论文 VI 3.1.2 室内设定参数和空调系统参数.....................................................................42 3.1.3 新风量指标和室内人员参数.........................................................................42 3.1.4 电器设备和照明参数.....................................................................................43 3.1.5 各建筑能耗影响因素水平数选取.................................................................43 3.2 基准模型的建立........................................................................................................43 3.2.1 研究对象的选取.............................................................................................43 3.3.2 基准模型基本参数设置.................................................................................44 3.3.3 基准模型的校准.............................................................................................52 3.4 基准模型的应用........................................................................................................54 3.5 能耗影响因素分析....................................................................................................54 3.5.1 局部能耗影响因素分析.................................................................................54 3.5.2 全局能耗影响因素分析.................................................................................59 3.6 本章小结....................................................................................................................65 第四章 太原市既有办公建筑节能改造技术研究.................................................................67 4.1 太原市既有办公建筑节能改造准则........................................................................67 4.2 太原市既有办公建筑节能改造技术........................................................................68 4.2.1 外围护结构节能技术.....................................................................................68 4.2.2 暖通、空调、照明设备节能技术.................................................................80 4.2.3 环境控制节能技术.........................................................................................84 4.2.4 可再生能源节能技术.....................................................................................84 4.3 本章小结....................................................................................................................87 第五章 太原市既有办公建筑节能改造实例研究.................................................................89 5.1 改造案例概况............................................................................................................89 5.1.1 项目概况.........................................................................................................89 5.1.2 改造前现状分析.............................................................................................90 5.1.3 改造目标和内容.............................................................................................93 5.2 改造前能耗分析........................................................................................................94 5.3 节能改造技术方案模拟对比....................................................................................95 5.3.1 DeST 模型建立................................................................................................95 5.3.2 模型参数设置.................................................................................................95 5.3.3 节能效果对比.................................................................................................96 5.3.2 优选方案.......................................................................................................100 目录 VII 5.4 节能改造技术及构造作法......................................................................................101 5.5 节能改造模拟效果验证..........................................................................................106 5.6 本章小结..................................................................................................................107 第六章 结论与展望...............................................................................................................109 6.1 研究成果..................................................................................................................109 6.1 研究不足和展望......................................................................................................110 参考文献.................................................................................................................................111 攻读学位期间取得的科研成果.............................................................................................115 致谢.........................................................................................................................................117 太原理工大学硕士学位论文 VIII 第一章 绪 论 1 第一章绪论 1.1 研究背景及意义 能源是人类赖以生存的资源,能耗问题随着人类社会的发展应运而生,成为了全球 关注的显著问题之一。 我国是世界上最大的发展中国家, 同时也是能源生产和消费大国。 随着经济和现代化的向前发展,我国对能源的需求仍然在显著增加,而能源作为制约国 家发展的重要因素,解决能源问题、调整能源结构、改善能源现状是可持续发展的必经 之路,是刻不容缓的现实问题。近几年,各行业基于能源现状及国家政策都在大力开展 节能降耗工作,建筑行业作为国民支柱产业,其产生的能耗不容忽视。由 2018 年中国 建筑节能协会统计的信息可以发现,我国建筑全过程产生的能耗总量为 21.47 亿 tce,约 占全国能耗总量的 46.5%,占比很大。而目前我国主要的用能资源为煤炭等化石燃料, 能耗结构与世界其他地区仍有所差异,比较如图 1-1 所示。 图 1-1中国与世界能耗结构比较 Figure 1-1Comparison of energy consumption structure between China and the world (表格来源作者自绘) 当前世界范围内的资源仍然存在短缺的问题,节能减排成为大势所