榆神矿区“五图-三带-两分区”保水采煤方法研究.pdf

国家自然科学基金项目（51874280）资助国家重点基础研究发展规划（973 计划）（2015CB251600）资助煤炭资源与安全开采国家重点实验室自主研究课题项目（SKLCRSM13X03）资助江苏高校优势学科建设工程项目资助硕士学位论文榆神矿区“五图-三带-两分区”保水采煤方法研究 Study on “Five Maps, Three zones and Two Zoning Plans” Water Conservation Mining in Yushen Mining Area 作者许玉军导师马立强教授中国矿业大学二 0 一九年五月万方数据学位论文使用授权声明学位论文使用授权声明本人完全了解中国矿业大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，同意本人所撰写的学位论文的使用授权按照学校的管理规定处理作为申请学位的条件之一，学位论文著作权拥有者须授权所在学校拥有学位论文的部分使用权，即①学校档案馆和图书馆有权保留学位论文的纸质版和电子版，可以使用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编学位论文；②为教学和科研目的，学校档案馆和图书馆可以将公开的学位论文作为资料在档案馆、图书馆等场所或在校园网上供校内师生阅读、浏览。另外，根据有关法规，同意中国国家图书馆保存研究生学位论文。（保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权书）。作者签名导师签名年月日年月日万方数据中图分类号 TD821 学校代码 10290 UDC 622 密级公开中国矿业大学硕士学位论文榆神矿区“五图-三带-两分区”保水采煤方法研究 Study on “Five Maps, Three zones and Two Zoning Plans” Water Conservation Mining in Yushen Mining Area 作者许玉军导师马立强申请学位工学硕士培养单位矿业工程学院学科专业采矿工程研究方向岩体力学与岩层控制答辩委员会主席李学华评阅人盲评二○一九年五月万方数据论文审阅认定书论文审阅认定书研究生许玉军在规定的学习年限内，按照研究生培养方案的要求，完成了研究生课程的学习，成绩合格；在我的指导下完成本学位论文，经审阅，论文中的观点、数据、表述和结构为我所认同，论文撰写格式符合学校的相关规定，同意将本论文作为学位申请论文送专家评审。导师签字年月日万方数据致致谢谢本文是在导师马立强教授的指导下完成的，从论文选题、思路形成到最后成文的整个过程中，马老师都给予了很大的帮助与指导。马立强教授严谨的治学态度，忘我的工作精神使我受到了潜移默化的影响，马老师的这种精神使我培养了正确的学习方法，同时也锻炼了我的自主学习能力。此外，导师还在生活上给我提供了很多的关心。临近毕业之际，本人谨向导师马立强教授致以衷心的感谢和诚挚的问候感谢余伊河博士在本文钻孔数据统计和整理以及文章逻辑思路方面提供的指导和帮助，感谢郭金帅博士为本文数值计算部分所提供的指导和帮助。感谢孙海博士、王烁康博士、曹克旺博士、刘伟博士、康明月硕士、谢玉晟硕士、王永磊硕士、梁贺硕士、杨杰硕士、王杰硕士和黄东兴硕士在本人攻读硕士学位期间给予的学习和生活上的关心和帮助感谢我的父母和家人，你们的默默付出和坚定支持一直是我学习和生活的动力和保证感谢本论文所引用文章的作者，你们对保水采煤方向的深入研究为我的论文提供了莫大的帮助。最后，感谢各位专家、教授在百忙之中评审本论文。由于水平有限，文中定有许多错误和疏漏之处，热切希望得到您们的指教许玉军 2019 年 5 月 20 日万方数据 I 摘摘要要为解决我国西北地区脆弱生态环境与高强度煤炭开采之间的矛盾，基于陕北榆神矿区工程地质及水文地质条件，综合采用理论分析、理论计算、数值计算和现场实测等研究手段，对榆神矿区“五图-三带-两分区”保水采煤方法进行了研究。研究成果可为我国西北矿区的保水采煤提供理论与实践借鉴。主要研究成果如下（1）采用层次分析法进行保水采煤的影响因素识别，构建了保水采煤影响因素的四层次结构模型，该模型包括 3 个一级因素、9 个二级因素、16 个三级因素和 12 个四级因素。得到了各影响因素的权重分布。（2）基于保水采煤影响因素权重分布结果，同时考虑矿井施工的需要，绘制出了覆岩厚度等值线图、地层组合关系图、含水层富水性分区图、隔水层等效厚度分布图以及煤层厚度等值线图 5 幅图。（3）研究了垮落带、导水裂隙带和保护带的特征。根据现场实测数据，拟合出了冒落带的高度计算公式。综合采用现场实测、数值计算和理论分析的方法，得到了砂土基型、砂基型、基岩型、土基型和烧变岩型 5 种不同地层的导水裂隙带高度计算公式。基于隔水性评价系数，通过对基岩和粘土隔水性评价系数之间的折算，得到了保护带高度（厚度）的计算公式。（4）依据采动对地下水的影响程度分区判定标准，基于上述“三带”高度的计算公式并结合地质勘探数据中的基岩厚度和土层厚度，将采煤对地下水影响程度分为极严重影响、严重影响、中等影响、微弱影响和无影响 5 种，并在榆神矿区内按全厚长壁开采对采煤对地下水影响程度进行了分区。（5）系统分析了限高保水采煤技术、充填保水采煤技术、局部充填保水采煤技术和窄条带保水采煤技术等水资源保护性采煤技术的适用条件，并在榆神矿区内对上述保水采煤技术的适用性进行分区。在采动对地下水影响程度分区和保水开采适用性分区这“两分区”结果的指导下，榆树湾煤矿、榆阳煤矿以及榆卜界煤矿成功实施了保水采煤工程实践。本论文有图 44 幅，表 17 个，参考文献 106 篇。关键词关键词保水采煤；影响因素；权重； “五图-三带-两分区” ；适用性万方数据 II Abstract In order to solve the contradiction between the fragile ecological environment and high-intensity coal mining in the northwestern region of China, based on the engineering geological conditions and hydrogeological conditions of Yushen mining area in northern Shaanxi, I used theoretical analysis, theoretical calculation, numerical calculation and field observation to study the “five maps-three zones-two-zoning plans” water conservation coal mining of Yushen mining area. The research results can provide theoretical and practical reference for water conservation coal mining in the northwest mining area of China. The main research results are as follows （1） The analytic hierarchy process is used to identify the influencing factors of water-conserving coal mining, and a four-level structural model for the influencing factors of water-conserving mining is constructed. The model includes three primary factors, nine secondary factors, sixteen third-tier factors and twelve fourth-tier factors, and the weight of each influencing factor are obtained. （2） Based on the weight distribution results of the factors affecting coal mining, and considering the needs of mine production, the contour map of overburden thickness, the combination relationship map of strata, the map of water-rich partition of aquifer, the aquiclude thickness contour map and the contour map of the coal seam were drawn.. （3）The characteristics of the caved zone, the water-conducting fracture zone and the protective zone were studied. According to the field measured data, the ula for calculating the height of the caved zone was fitted. Based on the field measurement, numerical calculation and theoretical analysis , the calculation ula of the height of water-conducting fracture zone of five different strata, including sand-based, sand-based, bedrock, soil-based and burnt-rock, were obtained. Based on the water-blocking uation coefficient, the calculation ula of the height thickness of the protection zone was obtained by converting the water-blocking uation coefficient between the bedrock and the clay. 4 Based on zoning criteria for the impact degree of mining on groundwater. According to the calculation ula of the above “three zones” height combined with the thickness of bedrock and the thickness of the clay in the geological exploration data. I classified the mining impact degree of coal mining on groundwater into five 万方数据 III categories, including severe impact, severe impact, medium impact, weak impact and no impact in the Yanshen mining area. The degree of groundwater impact of the coal mining was divided. 5 Systematic analysis of applicable conditions of water conservation coal mining technology such as high-limited water conservation coal mining technology, filling water conservation coal mining technology, partial filling water conservation coal mining technology and narrow strip water conservation coal mining technology in Yushen mining area. The applicability of the above-mentioned water conservation coal mining is divided. Under the guidance of the results of “two zoning plans” water conservation coal mining , Yushuwan coal mine, Fuyang coal mine and Yubujie coal mine successfully implemented the practice of water conservation coal mining. There are 44 figures, 17 tables and 106 references in this paper. Keywords Water conservation coal mining; Influencing factors; weight; “Five maps - three zones - two zoning plans“; Applicability 万方数据 IV 目目录录摘摘要要 ........................................................................................................................... I 目目录录 ........................................................................................................................ IV 图清单图清单 ..................................................................................................................... VIII 表清单表清单 ........................................................................................................................ XI 变量注释表变量注释表 ............................................................................................................. XIII 1 绪论绪论 ........................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 研究背景及研究意义............................................................................................. 1 1.2 国内外研究现状..................................................................................................... 2 1.3 技术关键与难点..................................................................................................... 6 1.4 研究内容与研究方法............................................................................................. 7 2 研究区概况研究区概况 ............................................................................................................... 9 2.1 矿区的地理位置..................................................................................................... 9 2.2 矿区地质条件概述............................................................................................... 10 3 基于层次分析法的保水采煤关键影响因素识别及权重确定基于层次分析法的保水采煤关键影响因素识别及权重确定 ............................. 16 3.1 影响因素识别方法............................................................................................... 16 3.2 保水采煤关键影响因素....................................................................................... 18 3.3 影响因素体系建立............................................................................................... 24 3.4 “五图”确定 ............................................................................................................ 29 3.5 本章小结............................................................................................................... 34 4 煤炭开采对地下水的影响程度分区煤炭开采对地下水的影响程度分区 ..................................................................... 35 4.1 影响程度分区的判定........................................................................................... 35 4.2 垮落带高度........................................................................................................... 36 4.3 不同地层组合关系对应的导水裂隙带高度....................................................... 37 4.4 保护带高度........................................................................................................... 55 4.5 采煤对地下水影响程度分区结果....................................................................... 57 4.6 本章小结............................................................................................................... 61 5 水资源保护性采煤技术与适用条件分区水资源保护性采煤技术与适用条件分区 ............................................................. 63 5.1 最大理论允许采高............................................................................................... 63 5.2 保水采煤技术适用区域划分............................................................................... 65 万方数据 V 5.3 工程实践............................................................................................................... 69 5.4 本章小结............................................................................................................... 71 6 结论结论 ......................................................................................................................... 72 参考文献参考文献 ..................................................................................................................... 73 附录附录 1 .......................................................................................................................... 80 附录附录 2 .......................................................................................................................... 86 作者简历作者简历 ..................................................................................................................... 98 学位论文原创性声明学位论文原创性声明 ................................................................................................. 99 学位论文数据集学位论文数据集 ....................................................................................................... 100 万方数据 VI Contents Abstract ........................................................................................................................ II Contents ..................................................................................................................... VI List of Figures ......................................................................................................... VIII List of Tables .............................................................................................................. XI List of Variables...................................................................................................... XIII 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Research Background and Significance ................................................................... 1 1.2 Research Situation at Home and Abroad ................................................................. 2 1.3 Key Technology and Difficulty ................................................................................ 6 1.4 Research Contents and s .............................................................................. 7 2 Research Area Overview .......................................................................................... 9 2.1 Location of Yushen Mining Area ............................................................................. 9 2.2 Overview of Geological Conditions in Mining Areas ........................................... 10 3 Identification and Weight Determination of Key Influencing Factors of Water-conserving Mining Based on Analytic Hierarchy Process .......................... 16 3.1 Influencing Factors Identification ............................................................ 16 3.2 The Key Influencing Factors of Water-conserving Mining ................................... 18 3.3 Establishment of Influence Factor System ............................................................ 24 3.4 Determination of “Five Maps”............................................................................... 29 3.5 Chapter Summary .................................................................................................. 34 4 Partitioning Degree of Coal Mining Impact on Groundwater ........................... 35 4.1 Judgment of Influence Degree Partition ................................................................ 35 4.2 The Height of Caving zone .................................................................................... 36 4.3 The Heights of Water-conducting Fracture Zone Corresponding to Different Stratum Combination Relations ................................................................................... 37 4.4 The Height of Protective Zone ............................................................................... 55 4.5 The Result of Zoning the Degree of Influence of Coal Mining on Groundwater .. 57 4.6 Chapter Summary .................................................................................................. 61 5 Water Conservation Coal Mining Technology and Applicable Conditions ....... 63 万方数据 VII 5.1 The Maximum Allowable Mining Height in Theory ............................................. 63 5.2 Division of Water Conservation Coal Mining Technology .................................... 65 5.3 Engineering Practice .............................................................................................. 69 5.4 Chapter Summary .................................................................................................. 71 6 Conclusions .............................................................................................................. 72 References ................................................................................................................... 73 Attachment 1 .............................................................................................................. 80 Attachment 2 ........................