榆神矿区侏罗-白垩系含水介质结构与采动破坏特征.pdf

硕士学位论文 榆神矿区侏罗-白垩系含水介质结构 与采动破坏特征 The Aqueous Media Structure and Mining Failure Feature of the Jurassic-Cretaceous in Yushen Mining Area 国家 973 计划项目“西部煤炭高强度开采下地质灾害防治与环境保护基础研究” （项目编号2013CB227900）资助 作 者肖 华 导 师孙亚军 教授 中国矿业大学 二〇一七年五月 万方数据 中图分类号 学校代码 10290 UDC 密 级 公开 中国矿业大学 硕士学位论文 榆神矿区侏罗-白垩系含水介质结构 与采动破坏特征 The Aqueous Media Structure and Mining Failure Feature of the Jurassic-Cretaceous in Yushen Mining Area 作 者 肖 华 导 师 孙亚军 申请学位 工学硕士 培养单位 资源学院 学科专业 水文学及水资源 研究方向 矿井水害防治 答辩委员会主席 杨兰和 评 阅 人 匿名评审 二○一七年五月 万方数据 学位论文使用授权声明学位论文使用授权声明 本人完全了解中国矿业大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，同意本人所撰 写的学位论文的使用授权按照学校的管理规定处理 作为申请学位的条件之一， 学位论文著作权拥有者须授权所在学校拥有学位 论文的部分使用权，即①学校档案馆和图书馆有权保留学位论文的纸质版和电 子版，可以使用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编学位论文；②为教学和 科研目的，学校档案馆和图书馆可以将公开的学位论文作为资料在档案馆、图书 馆等场所或在校园网上供校内师生阅读、浏览。另外，根据有关法规，同意中国 国家图书馆保存研究生学位论文。 （保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权书） 。 作者签名 导师签名 年 月 日 年 月 日 万方数据 致谢致谢 光阴荏苒， 岁月如梭， 七年大学时光行将结束。 在矿大送走了六届简阳老乡， 三年前送走了本科同学，而此时我也即将离开，离开这生活了七年的美丽校园。 回首求学七年，矿大赠与了我太多美好回忆，是我成长的起点；同学师友给 予了我太多关怀，是我生活的陪伴；老乡带给了我特殊温暖，让我七年外地求学 路温馨且踏实谢谢你们， 是你们让我漫漫求学路精彩纷呈， 让我有奋力拼搏 的宝贵经历、刻骨铭心的美好回忆，如今打包了情感，压缩了行囊，即将完成这 段令人满意又不舍的旅途，心中对你们充满了感激之情。 首先衷心感谢导师孙亚军教授，在三年研究生生涯中，不仅在学习工作中给 予我孜孜不倦地指导，更是在为人处世上给我树立了榜样。 很庆幸是孙家帮的一 员，导师严谨治学的态度、深厚的学术造诣深深感染着我，让我对研究生有了新 的认识，我将会把“态度、逻辑、技能”延续到我未来的工作生活中。 其次衷心感谢导师、老乡徐智敏副教授，六年相交亦师亦友，承蒙栽培和关 照，感激之情无以言表。三年生活、学习、项目中细致入微的指导，让我受益良 多，今后当学习您积极上进，任何时候都应充满活力，认真面对。最后由衷感谢 二位导师在论文上的帮助，论文选题、文章架构、研究方法甚至种种细节都有您 们的悉心指导与鼓励，谢谢您们给了我前进的信心与动力。 三年研究生生涯，得到了许多老师和同门、水文所师兄弟妹们的帮助，感谢 水文所全体老师，感谢师兄弟姐妹们。特别感谢三年来给予我极大帮助的同门， 因为有你们，研究生生涯注定难忘，感谢已毕业的师兄师姐们、在校的师兄弟妹 们，感谢姚明豪和高尚在论文中的帮助。感谢舍友岳建刚，相伴七年实属不易， 也感谢其他舍友和矿大朋友们，谢谢你们，祝学业有成，前程似锦 感谢我学习和生活七年的母校中国矿业大学，是你给了我知识和能力， 无论到哪儿，您都是我的牵挂衷心祝愿母校蒸蒸日上，更加辉煌更加美好 特别感谢我的家人。父母养育之恩无以为报， 您们是我求学路上最坚实的后 盾，给我最无私的关怀照顾，给我营造最好的学习环境；谢谢亲朋好友的关心、 照顾与鼓励，您们是我奋斗的动力。祝大家幸福、平安、如意 由于水平和时间有限，论文中难免有不当和不足之处，恳请各位专家、教授 给予批评、 指正。 感谢各位专家、 老师在百忙之中参加我的硕士论文评审、 答辩。 衷心祝愿大家生活美好，万事如意 2017 年 4 月 万方数据 I 摘摘 要要 陕北榆神矿区是榆神府侏罗纪煤田的精华部分， 是我国最主要的特大型煤炭 生产基地之一。侏罗-白垩系是我国西部富煤区的主要富煤地层，其与东部华北 型煤田的石炭-二叠系存在着巨大的不同，具有独特的含水介质结构与采动破坏 特征，这对矿井充水条件评价影响重大。 本论文以榆神矿区地质背景为基础，利用实地岩样进行 X 射线衍射、扫描 电镜、 压汞试验等试验， 结合研究区域宏观地质沉积环境及其演化， 从矿物成分、 孔隙结构、岩石力学特性方面分析了榆神矿区侏罗-白垩系结构与微观孔隙结构 特征； 其次选取榆树湾煤矿为原型地质条件，通过室内相似材料模拟和数值模拟 手段， 研究了特殊结构覆岩的破坏特征和导水裂隙带发育规律； 然后通过分析侏 罗-白垩系的展布规律和地层结构特征，根据导裂带破坏范围和可能影响到的含 水层的介质结构等条件，分析了侏罗-白垩系特殊的介质结构和采动破坏特征对 矿井充水的水文地质意义，并探讨了该区煤矿保水采煤的典型工程实践案例。 本 文研究的主要内容及成果如下 （1） 榆神矿区侏罗-白垩系经历了复杂特殊的成岩环境和短暂的沉积演化过 程，利用 X 射线衍射、扫描电镜和压汞试验分析，得出了侏罗-白垩系强度低、 胶结弱、 孔隙度高、 渗透性好等微观孔隙结构特征， 如直罗组岩样孔隙度 15.53， 远高于我国东部石炭-二叠系砂岩 1.12的孔隙度。 （2）采用相似材料模拟实验和数值模拟手段对榆树湾煤矿覆岩破坏特征和 导裂带演化规律进行了研究，模拟开采 2-2煤 5m 上分层，覆岩变形破坏发育缓 慢，最终形成跨度较大的离层空间和“平拱”形态，发育高度为 55m 和 49m，模 拟值与经验公式计算值存在差异，显示出了侏罗-白垩系覆岩破坏的特殊性。 （3） 该区侏罗-白垩系的宏观分布规律控制了地下水的总体向东南方汇集的 径流特征， 根据岩性岩相与分布特征概化为三个含水岩组， 直接充水水源主要侏 罗-白垩系的基岩承压水；主要导水通道为顶板基岩冒落裂隙带，其次原生结构 面裂隙等充水通道；以锦界煤矿为例，分析了典型突水矿井的充水强度因素以及 裂隙闭合对充水的影响。 （4）榆树湾煤矿上分层采煤，实际导裂带未破坏到潜水含水层，证实了试 验模拟得出的覆岩破坏规律， 为该区域类似矿井地质条件下的保水采煤实践积累 了经验，为保水开采的开拓提供了思路。 该论文有图 46 幅，表 7 个，参考文献 141 篇。 关键词关键词侏罗-白垩系；介质结构；覆岩破坏；保水采煤 万方数据 II Abstract Yushen mining area in northern Shanxi is the essence of Jurassic-Cretaceous coalfield, which is one of the most important large coal production bases in China. The Jurassic-Cretaceous is of the main coal-rich strata in the western Chinas coal-rich area, which differs greatly from the Carboniferous-Permian coal field in the eastern of China, and has its own distinctiveness in the structure of the aquifer and the characteristics of mining failure, It has a great influence on the uation of mine water filling condition. Based on the geological background of Yushen mining area, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and mercury intrusion test, combined with the geological depositional environment and the evolution of the study area, were used to analyze the structure and micro - pore structure of Jurassic–Cretaceous system in Yushen mining area from the aspects of mineral composition, pore structure and rock mechanics characteristics; Secondly, the Yushuwan coal mine geological condition was taken as the prototype. Through numerical simulation and similar materials simulation, the characteristics of overburden failure on typical stratigraphic structures are studied. And then by analyzing the Jurassic-Cretaceous distribution and stratigraphic structure, the law of occurrence and migration of groundwater in the mining area and the hydrogeological significance of the water filling in the coal mine was studied, and the water-engineering practice case about coal mining under water-containing was presented. The main contents and achievements of this paper are as follows 1 The Jurassic-Cretaceous in the Yushen mining area had experienced a complex and special diagenetic stage and a relatively transient sedimentary evolution process. The result of X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy and mercury intrusion tests showed that the Jurassic-Cretaceous had the characteristics of low intensity, weak cementation, high porosity and permeability and so on. For example, the porosity of the rock samples from Zhiluo group was 15.53, which was much higher than that of the Carboniferous - Permian sandstones in eastern China, which was 1.12. 2 Similar material simulation test and numerical simulation were used to study failure features of overburden strata and the evolution rule of water flowing fracture zone in the Yushuwan coal mine. The simulation of the mining of No.2 coal seam was stratified at 5m, and the deation and failure of the overburden strata was gentle, therefore abscission layer and flat arch shape was finally ed respectively with 55meters and 49 meters in height. The difference of values between the simulated 万方数据 III and the empirical ula was obvious, which showed the particularity of the Jurassic - Cretaceous overburden failure. 3 The macroscopic distribution of the Jurassic-Cretaceous in this area, which, according to the lithologic facies and distribution characteristics, was mainly grouped into three water-bearing rock ationsdirect water source Jurassic-Cretaceous bedrock confined water, roof water channel bedrock fissure zone and primary structural surface cracks and other water channels, characterized the overall groundwater runoff with a from-northwest-to-southeast flow tendency. Water-filled strength factors and the effect of fissure closure on water filling were analyzed in the given example of typical water inrush coal mineJinjie coal mine. 4 The water flowing fracture zone of Yushuwan coal mine, in which stratified coal mining was used, had not do damage to phreatic aquifer. That had confirmed the overburden failure law of the experimental simulation, and provided a practical reference to coal mining under water-containing for the coal mines in this area with similar mine geological conditions. This paper has a total of 46 graphs, 7 tables, 141 references. Keywords Jurassic-Cretaceous; medium structure; overburden failure; water-saving coal mining. 万方数据 IV 目目 录录 摘要摘要 ............................................................................................................................... I 目录目录 ............................................................................................................................ IV 图清单图清单 ..................................................................................................................... VIII 表清单表清单 ........................................................................................................................ XI 变量注释表变量注释表 ............................................................................................................... XII 1 绪论绪论 ........................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 选题背景及研究意义............................................................................................. 1 1.2 国内外研究概况..................................................................................................... 3 1.3 研究内容与技术路线........................................................................................... 11 2 榆神矿区侏罗榆神矿区侏罗-白垩系含水介质结构研究白垩系含水介质结构研究 ............................................................ 13 2.1 矿区地质背景条件............................................................................................... 13 2.2 侏罗-白垩系宏观结构特征 ................................................................................. 15 2.3 侏罗-白垩系微观孔隙结构特征 ......................................................................... 18 2.4 本章小结............................................................................................................... 28 3 侏罗侏罗-白垩系采动破坏的相似材料模拟研究白垩系采动破坏的相似材料模拟研究 ........................................................ 29 3.1 实验目的及实验原理........................................................................................... 29 3.2 相似材料模型的设计........................................................................................... 30 3.3 模型实验过程及主要现象分析........................................................................... 36 3.4 本章小结............................................................................................................... 47 4 侏罗侏罗-白垩系采动破坏的数值模拟研究白垩系采动破坏的数值模拟研究 ................................................................ 49 4.1 数值模拟软件介绍............................................................................................... 49 4.2 数值模型的建立................................................................................................... 49 4.3 模拟结果分析....................................................................................................... 55 4.4 本章小结............................................................................................................... 55 5 榆神矿区侏罗榆神矿区侏罗-白垩系的水文地质意义白垩系的水文地质意义 ................................................................ 57 5.1 地下水赋存运移规律........................................................................................... 57 5.2 矿井充水意义....................................................................................................... 58 5.3 保水采煤工程案例............................................................................................... 60 5.4 本章小结............................................................................................................... 63 万方数据 V 6 结论与展望结论与展望 ............................................................................................................. 65 6.1 结论....................................................................................................................... 65 6.2 展望....................................................................................................................... 66 参考文献参考文献 ..................................................................................................................... 67 作者简历作者简历 ..................................................................................................................... 75 学位论文原创性说明学位论文原创性说明 ................................................................................................. 76 学位论文数据集学位论文数据集 ......................................................................................................... 77 万方数据 VI Contents Abstract ......................................................................................................................... I Contents ..................................................................................................................... IV List of Figures ......................................................................................................... VIII List of Tables .............................................................................................................. XI List of Variables........................................................................................................ XII 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Research Background and Significance ................................................................... 1 1.2 Present Research Situation of Home and Abroad .................................................... 3 1.3 Research Content and Technical Route ................................................................. 11 2 The Structure Research of the Jurassic-Cretaceous Aquifer Media In Yushen Mining Area ................................................................................................................ 13 2.1 Geological Conditions of Mining Area .................................................................. 13 2.2 Jurassic-Cretaceous Macrostructure Characteristics .............................................. 15 2.3 Jurassic-Cretaceous Micro Pore Structure Characteristics .................................... 18 2.4 Summary ................................................................................................................ 28 3 Similar Material Simulation in Research of Mining Failure for Jurassic- Cretaceous .................................................................................................................. 29 3.1 Test Purpose and Principle ..................................................................................... 29 3.2 Material Simulation Model Design ........................................................................ 30 3.3 Model Experiment and Analysis ............................................................................ 36 3.4 Summary ............................................................................................................... 47 4 Numerical Simulation in Research of Jurassic-Cretaceous Mining Failure ..... 49 4.1 Numerical Simulation Software Introduction ........................................................ 49 4.2 Numerical Simulation Model ................................................................................. 49 4.3 Simulation Results Analysis .................................................................................. 55 4.4 Summary ............................................................................................................... 55 5 Jurassic-Cretaceous Hydrogeological Significance of Yushen Mining Area ..... 57 5.1 Groundwater Occurrence and Migration ............................................................... 57 5.2 Significance of Mine Water Filling ........................................................................ 58 5.3 Water Conservation Coal Mining Project Case ..................................................... 60 万方数据 VII 5.4 Summary ..................................................................................................