基于透明土石混合体的排土场重塑过程变形试验研究.pdf
硕士学位论文 基于透明土石混合体的排土场重塑过程 变形试验研究 Study on Deation Test of Dump Remodeling Process Based on Transparent Soil-Rock Mixture 作 者高 岩 导 师周伟教授 中国矿业大学 二○一八年六月 万方数据 学位论文使用授权声明学位论文使用授权声明 本人完全了解中国矿业大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定,同意本人所撰 写的学位论文的使用授权按照学校的管理规定处理 作为申请学位的条件之一, 学位论文著作权拥有者须授权所在学校拥有学位 论文的部分使用权,即①学校档案馆和图书馆有权保留学位论文的纸质版和电 子版,可以使用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编学位论文;②为教学和 科研目的,学校档案馆和图书馆可以将公开的学位论文作为资料在档案馆、图书 馆等场所或在校园网上供校内师生阅读、浏览。另外,根据有关法规,同意中国 国家图书馆保存研究生学位论文。 (保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权书) 。 作者签名 导师签名 年 月 日 年 月 日 万方数据 中图分类号 TD824 学校代码 10290 UDC 622 密 级 公开 中国矿业大学 硕士学位论文 基于透明土石混合体的排土场重塑过程 变形试验研究 Study on Deation Test of Dump Remodeling Process Based on Transparent Soil-rock Mixture 作 者 高岩 导 师 周伟 教授 申请学位 工学硕士 培养单位 矿业工程学院 学科专业 采矿工程 研究方向 露天开采 答辩委员会主席 才庆祥 评 阅 人 盲审 二○一八年六月 万方数据 致谢致谢 惊风飘白日,光景西驰流,短短的三年硕士生涯已悄然到了尾声,回首过往 生活,内心充满感激之情。 首先感谢我的导师周伟教授对我生活和学业上无微不至的关心和帮助。 在论 文的研究和编写过程中,自始至终都得到了周老师的悉心指导和亲切关怀。导师 知识渊博、治学严谨、求真求实、谨慎勤勉的高贵品质以及忘我的专业奉献精神 和对科学的执著追求深深的感染了我,对我以后的学习和工作产生深远的影响。 值此论文完成之际,特向导师周伟教授表示衷心的感谢和崇高的敬意 感谢本科及研究生舍友仇月硕士在论文选题上提供的灵感以及后期实验过 程中给予的帮助,感谢李元海教授在在实验仪器和分析软件上提供的帮助。 作者在完成论文期间, 得到了中国矿业大学露天开采与边坡工程研究所各位 老师的热情帮助和大力支持,在此向才庆祥教授、李克民教授、尚涛教授、车兆 学教授、舒继森教授、姬长生教授、彭洪阁副教授和陈树召讲师、丁小华讲师、 韩流讲师表示衷心的感谢 在论文的编写过程中得到了马力博士后、刘福明博士后、黄运爽硕士等人的 帮助。感谢从本科至今一同在矿大学习生活的同学秦梓赫、王进文、孟鑫、王晋 辉、李杰、伏映鹏、张帅等人。在硕士研究生学习期间,感谢一起陪伴我在实验 室生活的阮苏淮博士、常志国博士、时旭阳博士、杨飞硕士、尹文影硕士、高亭 硕士、万蒙蒙硕士、刘云肖硕士、何伟民硕士、李新鹏硕士、杨猛硕士、陆翔硕 士、李淋硕士、栾博玉硕士、刘智超硕士、吴榕真硕士等各位师兄弟,感谢各位 老师给予了我无微不至的关怀和指导,在此一并致以诚挚的谢意 感谢父母在我攻读硕士学位期间给予的理解、支持和鼓励 最后,感谢在百忙中抽出时间悉心评阅本论文和参与答辩的各位专家 高岩 2018 年 5 月 万方数据 I 摘摘 要要 露天煤矿排土场是松散的土石混合体在重力、运输设备动荷载、地震等作用 下重塑形成的。 因为土石混合体的隐蔽性,使其在重塑过程中不能直接观察到内 部土石的发展过程、运移情况、最终形态。传统方法是在土石混合体内部安装应 变片来监测位移变化并分析其运移规律, 此法测得的数据会受到应变片的扰动影 响。相比于传统方法的不足,本文引入人工合成透明土的新方法来观测重塑过程 中土石混合体的发展过程、运移规律。 本文经过比选后选择熔融石英砂和液体石蜡与正十三烷的混合液作为合成 透明土的材料,其中熔融石英砂的折射率为 1.458,在实验室 17℃条件下液体石 蜡与正十三烷按质量比 4.4 混合其折射率为 1.458,按此配比配置透明土。通过 基本物理试验测定透明土的物理力学性质并与普通砂土进行比较, 试验表明透明 土和砂土具有很高的相似性。 根据相似模型试验原理以及实际条件建立透明土石 混合体模型试验系统,确定了模具尺寸、试验方案,选择熔融石英砂的粒径、石 块数量和加载速率三个因素作为影响透明土石混合体单轴荷载作用下重塑过程 土石体变形的影响因素。 通过模型试验发现 透明土石混合体受单轴荷载作用下的重塑过程中, 土体 运移区域分为加压板影响区域和扩展影响区域。 不同影响区域内的土体颗粒在试 验过程中的运移规律各不相同, 不同石块排布的模型在试验过程中的运移规律也 不相同。在其他条件不变的情况下,随着土体颗粒粒径的增大,土石混合体位移 场影响范围逐渐减小,0.10.5mm 土体粒径合成的土石混合体位移场范围最大; 随着石块密度的增加土石混合体位移场影响范围变小; 加载速率对土石混合体位 移场的影响范围并无明显的影响。 该论文有图 44 幅,表 18 个,参考文献 91 篇。 关键词关键词透明土;排土场;土石混合体;变形观测 万方数据 II Abstract Loose soil-rock mixture is remolded by gravity, dynamic load of transportation equipment and earthquake to open-pit mine dump. Because of the hidden nature of the soil-rock mixture, it cannot directly observe the development process, migration conditions, and final shape of the internal soil-rock during the remodeling process. The traditional is to install the strain gauge inside the soil-rock mixture to monitor the displacement change and analyze its migration law. The data measured by this will be affected by the disturbance of the strain gauge. Compared with the deficiencies of traditional , this paper introduces a new of artificially synthesized transparent soil to observe the development process and migration rule of soil-stone during remodeling. In this paper, the fused silica sand and the mixed liquid of liquid paraffin and n-tridecane were selected as materials for synthesizing transparent soil after comparison and selection, the refractive index of fused silica sand is 1.458. The refractive index of liquid paraffin mixed with n-tridecane at the mass ratio of 4.4 is 1.458 at 17 C in the laboratory, and according to this ratio configuration transparent soil. The physical and mechanical properties of the transparent soil were determined by basic physical tests and compared with ordinary sand. Tests show high similarity between transparent soil and sand. Based on the principle of similar model test, it established transparent soil-rock mixture model test system, and determined the pattern size and designed the test plan. The particle size of fused silica sand, number of stones and loading rate were selected as influence factors for the deation of soil-rock during the remodeling of transparent soil-rock mixture under uniaxial loading. Through model tests, it was found that in the process of transparent soil-rock mixture of remolding under uniaxial loading, the soil migration area is divided into the pressure plate influence area and the extended influence area. The movement of soil particles in different areas of influence during the test is not the same. Different patterns of rock arrangement have different patterns of migration during the test. Under the same conditions, with the increase of the particle size of the soil, the influence range of the displacement field of the soil-rock mixture gradually decreases, and the range of displacement field of soil-rock mixture synthesized by particle size of 0.10.5mm is the largest. As the density of rock increases, the range of displacement of the soil-rock mixture decreases. Loading rate has no obvious 万方数据 III influence on the range of influence of displacement field of soil-rock mixture. There are 44 figures, 18 tables, 91 references in this thesis. Keywords transparent soil; dump; soil-rock mixture; deation observation. 万方数据 IV 目目 录录 摘摘 要要 ........................................................................................................................... I 目目 录录 ........................................................................................................................ IV 图清单图清单 ..................................................................................................................... VIII 表清单表清单 ........................................................................................................................ XI 变量注释表变量注释表 ............................................................................................................... XII 1 绪论绪论 ............................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 研究背景与意义 .................................................................................................... 1 1.2 国内外研究现状 .................................................................................................... 2 1.3 研究内容 ................................................................................................................ 6 1.4 研究方法与技术路线 ............................................................................................ 7 2 透明土的透明土的理论基础与制备理论基础与制备 ........................................................................................ 8 2.1 合成透明土的理论基础 ........................................................................................ 8 2.2 合成透明土的固体材料 ........................................................................................ 9 2.3 合成透明土的液体材料 ...................................................................................... 14 2.4 透明土的制作过程 .............................................................................................. 20 2.5 本章小结 .............................................................................................................. 21 3 透明土的基本物理试验透明土的基本物理试验 ......................................................................................... 22 3.1 透明土的固结 ...................................................................................................... 22 3.2 透明土的压缩试验 .............................................................................................. 26 3.3 透明土的剪切试验 .............................................................................................. 30 3.4 本章小结 .............................................................................................................. 36 4 透明土透明土-石混合体模型试验系统石混合体模型试验系统 ............................................................................ 37 4.1 相似模型试验原理 .............................................................................................. 37 4.2 试验模具与加载装置 .......................................................................................... 37 4.3 图像采集与分析 .................................................................................................. 41 4.4 试验方案 .............................................................................................................. 42 4.5 本章小结 .............................................................................................................. 44 5 重塑过程土石混合体变形研究重塑过程土石混合体变形研究 ............................................................................. 45 5.1 土体运移形态分析 .............................................................................................. 45 万方数据 V 5.2 石块运移形态分析 .............................................................................................. 49 5.3 不同试验条件对土石混合体变形的影响 .......................................................... 52 5.4 本章小结 .............................................................................................................. 57 6 结论结论 ......................................................................................................................... 58 参考文献参考文献 ..................................................................................................................... 60 作者简历作者简历 ..................................................................................................................... 66 学位论文原创性声明学位论文原创性声明 ................................................................................................. 67 学位论文数据集学位论文数据集 ......................................................................................................... 68 万方数据 VI Contents Abstract ......................................................................................................................... I Contents ..................................................................................................................... IV List of Figures ......................................................................................................... VIII List of Tables .............................................................................................................. XI List of Variables ....................................................................................................... XII 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Study Background and Significance ........................................................................ 1 1.2 Research Status at Home and Aboard ...................................................................... 2 1.3 Contents of Research ............................................................................................... 6 1.4 s and Technical Route .................................................................................. 7 2 Theoretical Basis and Preparation of Transparent Soil ........................................ 8 2.1 Principle of Transparent Soil ................................................................................... 8 2.2 Solid Material of Transparent Soil ........................................................................... 9 2.3 Liquid Material of Transparent Soil ....................................................................... 14 2.4 Production Process of Transparent Soil ................................................................. 20 2.5 Summary ................................................................................................................ 21 3 Basic Physical Test of Transparent Soil ................................................................ 22 3.1 Consolidation of Transparent Soil ......................................................................... 22 3.2 Compression Test of Transparent Soil ................................................................... 26 3.3 Shear Test of Transparent Soil ............................................................................... 30 3.4 Summary ................................................................................................................ 36 4 Transparent Soil-Stone Mixture Model Test System ........................................... 37 4.1 Similar Model Test Principle ................................................................................. 37 4.2 Test Mold and Loading Device .............................................................................. 37 4.3 Image Acquisition and Analysis ............................................................................ 41 4.4 Test Plan ................................................................................................................. 42 4.5 Summary ................................................................................................................ 44 5 Research on Deation of Soil-rock Mixture during Remodeling ................. 45 5.1 Soil Movement Pattern Analysis ............................................................................ 45 万方数据 VII 5.2 Stone Movement Pattern Analysis ......................................................................... 49 5.3 Effects of Different Test Conditions on Deation of Soil-Soil Mixtures ......... 52 5.4 Summary ................................................................................................................ 57 6 Conclusion ............................................................................................................... 58 References ................................................................................................................... 60 Authors Resume ........................................................................................................ 66 Declaration of Thesis Originality ............................................................................. 67 Thesis Data Collection ............................................................................................... 68 万方数据 VIII 图清单图清单 图序号 图名称 页码 图 1-1 露天矿滑坡现场 1 Figure 1-1 The scene of landslip in open-pit mine 1 图 1-2 技术路线图 7 Figure 1-2 Technology roadmap 7 图 2-1 光的折射示意图 8 Figure 1-2 Refraction of light 8 图 2-2 雪晶体和雪花 9 Figure 2-2 Snow crystals and snowflakes 9 图 2-3 玻璃砂 10 Figure 2-3 Glass sand 10 图 2-4 不同粒径的熔融石英砂 11 Figure 2-4 Different particle sizes of fused silica sand 11 图 2-5 安息角测定仪 13 Figure 2-5 Rest angle detector 13 图 2-6 蔗糖溶液的配置 16 Figure 2-6 Configuration of sucrose solution 16 图 2-7 阿贝折射仪 17 Figure 2-7 Abbe refractometer 17 图 2-8 液体石蜡和正十三烷 18 Figure 2-8 Liquid paraffin and n-tridecane 18 图 2-9 液体石蜡与正十三烷混合过程 18 Figure 2-9 Mixing process of liquid paraffin and n-tridecane 18 图 2-1