动静载荷下端帮开采中的条带支撑煤柱的稳定性研究.pdf

硕士学位论文 动静载荷下端帮开采中的条带支撑煤柱 的稳定性研究 Stability Analysis of Rib Pillar in Highwall Mining under Dynamic and Static Loads 作 者吴豪帅 导 师陈彦龙 副研究员 中国矿业大学 二〇一八年五月 学位论文使用授权声明学位论文使用授权声明 本人完全了解中国矿业大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，同意本人所撰 写的学位论文的使用授权按照学校的管理规定处理 作为申请学位的条件之一， 学位论文著作权拥有者须授权所在学校拥有学位 论文的部分使用权，即①学校档案馆和图书馆有权保留学位论文的纸质版和电 子版，可以使用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编学位论文；②为教学和 科研目的，学校档案馆和图书馆可以将公开的学位论文作为资料在档案馆、图书 馆等场所或在校园网上供校内师生阅读、浏览。另外，根据有关法规，同意中国 国家图书馆保存研究生学位论文。 （保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权书） 。 作者签名 导师签名 年 月 日 年 月 日 中图分类号 TD824 学校代码 10290 UDC 622 密 级 公开 国家自然科学基金青年基金项目（51404262） 中国矿业大学 硕士学位论文 动静载荷下端帮开采中的条带支撑煤柱 的稳定性研究 Stability Analysis of Rib Pillar in Highwall Mining under Dynamic and Static Loads 作 者 吴豪帅 导 师 陈彦龙 副研究员 申请学位 工学硕士 培养单位 力学与土木工程学院 学科专业 一般力学与力学基础 研究方向非线性动力学理论与应用 答辩委员会主席 马占国 评 阅 人 二○一八年五月 致谢致谢 时光荏苒，三年的研究生生涯转瞬即逝，在矿大的学习和生活中，我收获良 多。在即将毕业之际，我非常感谢研究生期间各位帮助过我的老师、同学、亲人 和朋友们，是你们的关心和鼓励让我度过了这三年珍贵的研究生时光，在此我向 你们表示衷心的感谢 首先我要感谢我的研究生导师陈彦龙副研究员 感谢陈老师在过去三年中提 供的悉心指导，陈老师渊博的学术知识和严谨的学术研究态度使我获益良多。陈 老师为我指明了研究方向，并提供了细致的学术指导和良好的试验条件，从课题 的入门、科研项目的成功实践，到小论文以及毕业论文的撰写，我在研究生期间 取得的每一个小成果都离不开陈老师的关心和督促。除了学术方面，陈老师在工 作态度和人格风范上更加深深影响了我。值此论文完成之际，对陈老师致以崇高 的敬意和衷心的感谢 特别感谢茅献彪教授、白海波研究员、陈占清教授、殷祥超教授、张凯研究 员、赵玉成教授、浦海教授、卢爱红教授、吴宇副研究员、张桂民副教授、张后 全副教授、巨峰副研究员、刘江峰副研究员、冯梅梅副教授、周跃进副研究员、 李明助理研究员等在学术论文写作方面给予的指导同时感谢郝阳博士、侯荣彬 博士、陶静博士、陈梁博士、马超博士、崔灿博士、宋帅兵博士、牛钢钢博士、 邓康宇博士、黄鹏博士等给我在论文写作上的指导感谢孙凯硕士、李焘硕士、 李樯硕士、胡善超硕士、肖猛硕士、郭静那硕士、王奎硕士、巩百川硕士、吴鹏 硕士、安超硕士、石浩硕士、王逸鸣硕士、姚本余硕士、张文力硕士、王贞硕硕 士、滕毅硕士、常西亚硕士、薛欣然硕士、谢晋勇硕士等多年同窗在论文写作过 程中给予的帮助 感谢父母和亲人们在我求学阶段的无私奉献与付出， 感谢家人对我学业的理 解、关怀和支持 感谢论文所引文献的作者 感谢所有帮助和关心我的人 感谢各位专家和学者在百忙之中评审论文， 衷心感谢您提供的宝贵意见和建 议 I 摘摘 要要 对我国现有的大型露天煤矿的端帮滞留煤量进行现场调查和统计， 端帮滞留 煤炭的总量达到数十亿吨。 利用端帮采煤机工艺对我国露天矿端帮滞留煤进行开 采时，保留的条带支撑煤柱的失稳机理尚未明确，已成为制约该工艺安全、高效 应用的突出难题。 本文对端帮开采中卡车动载及边坡静载作用下的煤柱失稳机理 进行了深入研究，提出了煤柱宽度的设计方法，这对于我国露天煤炭资源科学开 采具有极其重要的意义。本文取得的主要研究成果如下 （1）基于端帮开采中条带支撑煤柱的承载模型， 结合尖点突变理论， 同时考 虑煤柱安全系数的要求，建立了煤柱稳定性的判据公式。煤柱的失稳判据主要由 煤柱塑性区宽度、煤柱极限应力和煤柱在载荷作用下的压缩量这三个因素决定。 （2）基于极限平衡理论， 对支撑煤柱的极限应力进行分析， 得出了采硐两侧 煤柱的塑性区宽度的计算公式；基于温克尔地基梁理论，建立了端帮开采下由煤 柱和顶板构成的弹性地基梁模型，提出了煤柱在载荷作用下的压缩量计算公式。 （3）随着煤柱宽度的增加， 煤柱塑性区宽度近似呈线性减小趋势； 动静载荷 作用下煤柱总压缩量近似呈反函数型减小的趋势。 煤柱压缩量中上覆岩层与卡车 静载产生的煤柱压缩量起决定性作用。 （4）对埋深 122 m、厚 3 m 的煤层运用端帮采煤机进行开采。根据所建的端 帮开采系统煤柱失稳模型，计算得到当采硐宽度为 3 m 时，支撑煤柱的合理宽 度至少为 1.3 m，此时煤柱的安全系数为 1.3。 （5）基于端帮开采的数值计算模型，对经理论计算所得的煤柱宽度的合理 性进行了数值分析。由分析结果可知煤柱宽度取为理论模型所得的计算值时， 煤柱群中的煤柱未产生贯通的塑性区，端帮整体边坡也未产生明显的塑性区，因 此在此开采条件下煤柱及端帮边坡均处于稳定状态。 研究成果可为端帮开采下条带支撑煤柱的稳定性分析提供重要参考。 本论文有图 81 幅，表 8 个，参考文献 131 篇。 关键词关键词动静载荷；端帮开采；煤柱；突变失稳 III Abstract Base on the investigation and statistics of the amount of end slope residual coal in China, the total amount of coal remaining in the open-pit coal mines reaches billions of tons. Highwall miner can be used to exploit the large amount of end slope residual coal in open-pit mines, however, the instability mechanism of rib pillar reserved in the mining process is still not clear, which has greatly restricted the application of highwall mining system. In this paper, the instability mechanism of rib pillar under the dynamic loads of the truck and the static loads of the slope is studied thoroughly, and the design of the rib pillar width is put forward, which will be of great significance to the exploitation of opencast coal resources in China. The main research results obtained in this paper are as follows. （1）Based on the mechanical model of rib pillar during highwall mining, combined with cusp catastrophe theory and simultaneously taking into account the requirements of safety factors, a criterion for the stability of rib pillars is established. The mechanical criteria of the instability of rib pillar are mainly determined by three factors the plastic zone width of rib pillar, the ultimate stress of rib pillar and the compression of rib pillar corresponding to the loads. （2）Based on the limit equilibrium theory, the ultimate stress of rib pillar is analyzed and calculated, the calculation ula of the plastic zone width of rib pillar was obtained. Meanwhile, based on the theory of Winkler’s elastic foundation beam, the elastic foundation model composed of pillar and roof was established and the calculation ula of the compression of rib pillar under loads was also derived. （3）With the increase of rib pillar width, the plastic zone width of rib pillar decreases approximately linearly; the total compression amount of rib pillar decreases approximately as an inverse function type. The compression of rib pillar under slope overburden and truck static loads play a decisive role in the total compression amount of rib pillar. （4）Based on the actual mining conditions of open-pit coal mines as the engineering background, the coal seam with a depth of 122 meters and a thickness of 3 meters is exploited by highwall miner. According to the instability model of rib pillar of the highwall mining system, it is calculated that when the width of mining chamber is 3 meters, the reasonable width of rib pillar should be at least 1.3 meters and the safety factor of rib pillar is 1.3. IV （5）Based on the numerical calculation model of highwall mining, the rationality of the theoretically calculated rib pillar width is numerically analyzed under the actual mining conditions of the open-pit mine. From the analysis results, it can be known that the rib pillar in the middle of the pillar group did not produce perforated plastic zone, and also the overall end slope did not peoduce obvious plastic zone when the width of rib pillar is same to the theoretical model. So the rib pillar and the end slope are both in a stable state in this mining condition. The research results can provide important reference for stability analysis of rib pillar in highwall mining under dynamic and static loads. The paper includes 81 figures, 8 tables and 131 references. Keyword dynamic and static loads; highwall mining; rib pillar; catastrophe instability V 目目 录录 摘要摘要 ................................................................................................................................ I 目录目录 ............................................................................................................................... V 图清单图清单......................................................................................................................... IX 表清单表清单........................................................................................................................ XV 变量注释表变量注释表 ............................................................................................................ XVII 1 绪论绪论 ............................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 研究背景及意义 ..................................................................................................... 1 1.2 国内外研究现状 ..................................................................................................... 2 1.3 研究内容与技术路线 ........................................................................................... 10 2 端帮开采下煤柱的失稳机理端帮开采下煤柱的失稳机理 ................................................................................. 12 2.1 煤柱承载的力学模型 ........................................................................................... 12 2.2 煤柱破坏失稳的尖点突变模型 ........................................................................... 14 2.3 煤柱稳定性的判据公式 ....................................................................................... 21 2.4 煤柱破坏失稳机理分析 ....................................................................................... 22 2.5 本章小结 ............................................................................................................... 24 3 煤柱稳定性影响因素分析煤柱稳定性影响因素分析 ..................................................................................... 25 3.1 煤柱塑性区宽度及极限应力计算 ....................................................................... 25 3.2 卡车动载作用下煤柱压缩量计算 ....................................................................... 32 3.3 边坡覆岩和卡车静载共同作用下的煤柱压缩量计算 ....................................... 42 3.4 本章小结 ............................................................................................................... 46 4 动静载荷下端帮开采煤柱的稳定性动静载荷下端帮开采煤柱的稳定性 ..................................................................... 47 4.1 工程背景 ............................................................................................................... 48 4.2 煤柱塑性区宽度计算 ........................................................................................... 51 4.3 煤柱压缩量计算 ................................................................................................... 52 4.4 煤柱稳定性判据公式验算 ................................................................................... 65 4.5 煤柱合理留设宽度分析 ....................................................................................... 68 4.6 本章小结 ............................................................................................................... 73 5 端帮开采下煤柱稳定性的数值分析端帮开采下煤柱稳定性的数值分析 ..................................................................... 74 VI 5.1 数值计算软件简介 ............................................................................................... 74 5.2 数值计算模型建立 ............................................................................................... 76 5.3 数值计算模型求解 ............................................................................................... 76 5.4 数值计算结果分析 ............................................................................................... 81 5.5 本章小结 ............................................................................................................... 86 6 结论与展望结论与展望 ............................................................................................................. 87 6.1 主要结论 ............................................................................................................... 87 6.2 研究展望 ............................................................................................................... 87 参考文献参考文献 ..................................................................................................................... 89 作者简历作者简历 ..................................................................................................................... 97 学位论文原创性声明学位论文原创性声明 ................................................................................................. 99 学位论文数据集学位论文数据集 ....................................................................................................... 101 VII Contents Abstract ...................................................................................................................... III Contents .................................................................................................................... VII List of Figures ............................................................................................................ IX List of Tables ............................................................................................................. XV List of Variables ..................................................................................................... XVII 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Research Significance and Background ................................................................... 1 1.2 Current Research at Home and Abroad ................................................................... 2 1.3 Research Contents and Technical Route ................................................................ 10 2 Instability Mechanism of Rib Pillar in Highwall Mining .................................... 12 2.1 Mechanical Model of Rib Pillar ............................................................................. 12 2.2 Cusp Catastrophe Model of the Instability of Rib Pillar ........................................ 14 2.3 The Criterion ula for the Stability of Rib Pillar ............................................. 21 2.4 Analysis of Instability Mechanism of Rib Pillar .................................................... 22 2.5 Summary ................................................................................................................ 24 3 Analysis of Factors Affecting Stability of Rib Pillar ............................................ 25 3.1 Calculation of the Plastic Zone Width and Utimate Stress of Rib Pillar ............... 25 3.2 Calculation on the Compression of Rib Pillar under Dynamic Loads of the Truck ...................................................................................................................................... 32 3.3 Calculation on the Compression of Rib Pillar under Slope Overburden and Truck Static Loads .................................................................................................................. 42 3.4 Summary ................................................................................................................ 46 4 Stability of Rib Pillars under Dynamic and Static Loads in Highwall Mining . 47 4.1 Engineering Background ....................................................................................... 48 4.2 Calculation on the Plastic Zone Width of Rib Pillar .............................................. 51 4.3 Calculation on the Compression of Rib Pillar ....................................................... 52 4.4 Checking Calculation of Stability Criterion of Rib Pillar ...................................... 65 4.5 Analysis of Reasonable Width of Rib Pillar .......................................................... 68 4.6 Summary ................................................................................................................ 73 VIII 5 Numerical Simulation of the Stability of Rib Pillar in Highwall Mining .......... 74 5.1 Brief Introduction of Numerical Calculation Software ......................................... 74 5.2 Establishment of Numerical Calculation Model .................................................... 76 5.3 Solution of Numerical Calculation Model ............................................................. 76 5.4 Analysis of Numerical Calculation Model ............................................................. 81 5.5 Summary ................................................................................................................ 86 6 Conclusions and Prospects ..................................................................................... 87 6.1 Main Conclusions .................................................................................................. 87 6.2 Prospects .....................