褶皱构造区厚煤层开采应力演化与冲击矿压孕育规律研究.pdf

国家自然科学基金面上项目（51674253） 国家重点研发计划（2016YFC0801403） 江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目（SZBF2011-6-B35） 中央高校基础研究基金（2017XKQY046） 硕士学位论文 褶皱构造区厚煤层开采应力演化与冲击矿压孕 育规律研究 Stress Evolution and Rock Burst Gestation Law Caused by Thick Coal Seam Mining in Fold Region 作 者井广成 导 师曹安业 教授 中国矿业大学 二○一七年五月 万方数据 中图分类号 TD324 学校代码 10290 UDC 622 密 级 公开 中国矿业大学 硕士学位论文 褶皱构造区厚煤层开采应力演化与冲击矿压孕 育规律研究 Stress Evolution and Rock burst Gestation Law Caused by Thick Coal Seam Mining in Fold Region 作 者 井广成 导 师 曹安业 申请学位 工学硕士 培养单位 矿业工程学院 学科专业 采矿工程 研究方向 岩体力学与岩层控制 答辩委员会主席 柏建彪 评 阅 人 马立强、沈志平 二○一七年五月 万方数据 学位论文使用授权声明学位论文使用授权声明 本人完全了解中国矿业大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，同意本人所撰写的学 位论文的使用授权按照学校的管理规定处理 作为申请学位的条件之一，学位论文著作权拥有者须授权所在学校拥有学位论文的 部分使用权，即①学校档案馆和图书馆有权保留学位论文的纸质版和电子版，可以使 用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编学位论文；②为教学和科研目的，学校档案 馆和图书馆可以将公开的学位论文作为资料在档案馆、图书馆等场所或在校园网上供校 内师生阅读、浏览。另外，根据有关法规，同意中国国家图书馆保存研究生学位论文。 （保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权书） 。 作者签名 导师签名 年 月 日 年 月 日 万方数据 致致 谢谢 寒来暑往， 春秋几度， 自从2014年上半年由曹安业教授指导完成本科毕业设计以来， 转眼间师从曹老师已三载有余，收获颇丰，感触亦深。曹安业教授渊博的知识积累、开 阔的学术视野、严谨的治学态度和优秀的做人品质深深地影响了我，这将是我一生为之 奋斗的榜样。导师从一开始对我高标准的要求，让我的硕士研究生学术生涯充满压力和 竞争的同时也收获满满，这也是我一生当中最为宝贵的经历和财富。本论文能够顺利的 完成倾注了导师大量的心血和汗水，从论文选题、构思、理论分析、撰写、修改到最后 定稿的整个过程都得到了导师悉心的指导与鼓励。师恩重如山，谨向我的恩师致以最崇 高的敬意和最诚挚的感谢，也要感谢导师在生活、做人、做事上给予的启示和帮助。 论文的顺利完成同时还离不开课题组的老师及师兄弟们的鼎力帮助。感谢窦林名教 授、牟宗龙教授、巩思园副研究员、王桂峰副研究员在论文写作期间给予的指导，尤其 感谢何江讲师、蔡武讲师、朱广安博士、刘志刚博士、王常彬硕士、吴芸硕士、黄现成 硕士、程贺贺硕士、魏兵硕士、陈凡硕士、张腾达硕士、牛风卫硕士在学术论文写作中 提出的宝贵建议和帮助。同时还要感谢砚北煤矿缪协工程师、华亭煤矿屈英防冲办主任 在论文撰写过程中给予的大力支持 感谢母校七年来对我的培养。感谢矿业工程学院、深部煤炭资源开采教育部重点实 验室、采矿系的各位老师和领导对我本硕阶段学习和科研工作上的大力支持和关心，更 感谢你们对我的就业和生活等多个方面的指导。 特别感谢我的家人，是你们在我二十多年来寒窗求学生涯中，无时无刻地牵挂着我 的学习与生活，不仅为我提供可靠的物质基础，让我得以安心学习；更是给了我无私奉 献的支持与鼓励，让我在挫折与失败中能够重新获得力量。在外求学数载，不能时常陪 在家人身边，是我莫大的遗憾，祝愿你们健康平安、幸福快乐、直到永远。 感谢本论文中所有引用文献的作者。 感谢所有帮助、 关心和支持我的同学和朋友们， 和你们的友谊是我今生最宝贵的财富 最后，感谢论文的评审和答辩专家，感谢你们在百忙之中评阅本论文，衷心希望得 到你们的指导和帮助 井广成 2017 年 4 月 3 日 于中国矿业大学矿业科学中心 B530-2 万方数据 I 摘摘 要要 冲击矿压是煤矿典型的煤岩动力灾害，目前褶皱构造区厚煤层开采冲击矿压与强矿 震孕育规律、诱冲机理仍不明晰。本文以西北厚煤层褶皱构造区为例，采用理论分析、 数值模拟、工程实践等方法，统计分析了褶皱几何展布和煤厚相变特征，系统分析了褶 皱形成及褶皱构造区厚煤层开采阶段应力分布与转移规律，研究了褶皱构造区矿震活动 规律与震源机制。主要结论如下 调研分析了甘肃华亭、陕西彬长、陕西永陇等矿区褶皱几何展布及煤厚相变特征， 结果表明，该区域褶皱长宽比率介于 0.782.03，褶皱横剖面最大曲率小于 0.04，曲率比 不超过 1.4，89的褶曲横剖面翼间角大于 150，以平缓纵弯褶皱为主，基本呈穹或盆 分布。 基于上述褶皱几何展布特征统计构建了 FLAC3D蠕变模型，系统研究了褶皱几何展 布、煤岩层厚度和属性等因素影响下的地应力分布和能量积聚规律，结果表明，煤岩层 属性对褶皱应力分布、能量积聚影响最大，其次是岩层厚度，而后是褶皱弯曲程度和煤 层厚度，通过判识影响因素敏感性，揭示了厚煤层褶皱形成过程中各因素作用差异，构 建了冲击危险函数。 分析了褶皱构造区厚煤层开采采动应力调整和能量耗散规律，得出工作面采动影响 下，向斜轴部能量增加区集中分布在工作面前方煤层底板，而背斜轴部集中分布在工作 面前后煤层区域；随留底煤厚减小，向斜轴部应力集中层位由底板岩层向煤层下分层转 移，背斜轴部由煤层下分层向底板岩层转移。 优化了震源机制远场位移和震源破裂面产状求解方法，进行强矿震震源机制矩张量 反演，系统分析了褶皱构造区厚煤层开采强矿震震源破裂类型、震源破裂面参量、地震 矩等震学参量，结果表明，褶皱构造区冲击矿压和强矿震震源以拉张破裂为主，震源矩 张量以非双力偶部分占主导，初步揭示了褶皱构造区厚煤层开采强矿震孕育规律。 选取典型的褶皱构造区厚煤层开采工作面进行现场实践，基于地应力实测数据构建 FLAC3D高仿真数值模型，分析了褶皱构造区地应力和强矿震分布特点，通过地震学视 应力反演，揭示了褶皱构造区采场应力演化规律。 该论文有图 121 幅，表 20 个，参考文献 130 篇。 关键词关键词褶皱构造；冲击矿压；震源机制；矩张量反演；采动应力场 万方数据 II Abstract Rock burst is a typical coal or rock dynamic disasters in coalmines, thereinto tremor evolution law caused by thick coal seam mining in fold region is still not clear. In this dissertation, geometry characteristics, fold morpgology and coal thickness variation of Northwest fold, the distribution and evolution of stress and energy and its impacts sensitivity during the ation and coal seam mining of folds, and focus features of high-energy tremors in fold region were systematically studied using a combination research of theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and engineering practice. An investigation was firstly conducted on fold morpgology and coal thickness variation of Northwest fold based on the survey data in Hua-ting Coalmine, Yan-bei Coalmine, Hu-jiahe Coalmine and Cui-mu Coalmine, which was aimed at providing a basis for the following numerical study. Results showed that the folds in investigated coalmine were mainly gentle folds fornix and basin, of which aspect ratio was between 0.78 and 2.03, the max- curvature and curvature-ratio of fold’s transverse section were totally below 0.04 and 1.4, 89 of the angles of limbs of fold were greater than 150. Creep model was built based on statistical analysis of geometry characteristics of folds, the impact on the distribution of stress and energy concentration of influencing factors was analyzed, such as fold geometry characteristic, coal and rock thickness, property of coal and floor and roof, which revealed the difference of factors on the fold ation process and laid the foundation of the building of Rock Burst risk function. The stress transfer and energy dissipation law were analyzed. Energy-polling region in syncline mainly scatter in the floor of coal seam in front of extracting face, while for the conticline, mainly scatter in the coal seam around extracting face. The stress concentration region transfers from rock floor to lower layer of coal seam in syncline along with the decresing of bottom coal thickness which is the contrary in conticline area. In this paper, the research employed the of seismic moment tensor inversion which provides parameters of focal mechanism percentage share of its components isotropic, uniaxial compression or tension, shear component; trend and dip of nodal planes, et al based on the analysis of geological and mining conditions, The conducted test showed that the type of ruptures were all distinguished as tensile failure, which preliminarily revealed the tremor gestation law in fold region. Taking Yan-bei Coalmine and Hu-jiahe Coalmine whose working faces were with strong tremor risk for on-site practice, where high fidelity geological model based on terrestrial Stress test was build, meanwhile, distribution law of high-energy tremors and apparent stress in mine 万方数据 III stope were analyzed. This thesis has 121 figures, 20 tables and 130 references. Keywords fold; Rock burst; focal mechanism; moment tensor inversion; mine-induced stress field 万方数据 IV 目目 录录 摘摘 要要 ..................................................................................................................................... I 目目 录录 ................................................................................................................................... IV 图清单图清单 ............................................................................................................................... VIII 表清单表清单 ................................................................................................................................. XV 变量注释表变量注释表 ........................................................................................................................ XVI 1 绪论绪论 ...................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 研究背景及意义 .............................................................................................................. 1 1.2 国内外研究现状 .............................................................................................................. 2 1.3 主要研究内容 .................................................................................................................. 6 1.4 主要研究路线及方法 ...................................................................................................... 7 2 褶皱构造区厚煤层展布特征统计分析褶皱构造区厚煤层展布特征统计分析 .............................................................................. 9 2.1 引言 .................................................................................................................................. 9 2.2 褶皱成因分析 .................................................................................................................. 9 2.3 褶皱几何形态统计分析 ................................................................................................ 11 2.4 褶皱构造区煤厚相变分析 ............................................................................................ 21 2.5 小结 ................................................................................................................................ 24 3 厚煤层褶皱构造区地应力分布及能量积聚规律厚煤层褶皱构造区地应力分布及能量积聚规律分析分析 .................................................... 25 3.1 引言 ................................................................................................................................ 25 3.2 FLAC3D数值模型设置 .................................................................................................. 25 3.3 褶皱构造区地应力影响因素分析 ................................................................................ 28 3.4 褶皱构造区能量积聚规律分析 .................................................................................... 44 3.5 褶皱构造形成过程影响因素敏感性分析 .................................................................... 49 3.6 小结 ................................................................................................................................ 52 4 褶皱构造区厚煤层开采应力调整和能量耗散规褶皱构造区厚煤层开采应力调整和能量耗散规律分析律分析 ................................................ 53 4.1 引言 ................................................................................................................................ 53 4.2 褶皱构造区厚煤层开采应力调整规律 ........................................................................ 53 4.3 褶皱构造区厚煤层开采能量耗散规律 ........................................................................ 69 4.4 小结 ................................................................................................................................ 72 5 褶皱构造区厚煤层开采冲击矿压褶皱构造区厚煤层开采冲击矿压与强矿震与强矿震震源震源机制反演机制反演 ............................................ 73 万方数据 V 5.1 引言 ................................................................................................................................ 73 5.2 矿震震源机制矩张量反演原理 .................................................................................... 73 5.3 褶皱构造区厚煤层开采典型冲击矿压与强矿震震源机制统计分析 ........................ 77 5.4 小结 ................................................................................................................................ 86 6 褶皱构造区厚煤层开采褶皱构造区厚煤层开采应力与强矿震演化实例研究应力与强矿震演化实例研究 .................................................... 87 6.1 引言 ................................................................................................................................ 87 6.2 实例 1 砚北煤矿 ....................................................................................................... 87 6.3 实例 2 胡家河煤矿 ................................................................................................... 94 6.4 褶皱构造区厚煤层开采强矿震监测预警与防治对策 ................................................ 97 6.5 小结 ................................................................................................................................ 98 7 结论与展望结论与展望 ...................................................................................................................... 100 7.1 研究结论 ...................................................................................................................... 100 7.2 研究展望 ...................................................................................................................... 101 参考文献参考文献 ............................................................................................................................. 102 作者简历作者简历 ............................................................................................................................. 108 学位论文原创性声明学位论文原创性声明 ......................................................................................................... 110 学位论文数据集学位论文数据集 ................................................................................................................. 111 万方数据 VI Contents Abstract .................................................................................................................................. II Contents ................................................................................................................................ VI List of Figures ................................................................................................................... VIII List of Tables ....................................................................................................................... XV List of Variables ................................................................................................................ XVI 1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Research Backgrounds and Significance .......................................................................... 1 1.2 Research Status at Home and Abroad ............................................................................... 2 1.3 Research Contents and logy ................................................................................. 6 1.4 Research logy ....................................................................................................... 7 2 Statistical Analysis of Geometry Characteristics of Folds with Thick Coal Seam ....... 9 2.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 9 2.2 Analysis of Fold ation .............................................................................................. 9 2.3 Statistic Analysis of Fold Morpgology ........................................................................... 11 2.4 Coal Thickness Variation in Fold .................................................................................... 21 2.5 Summary ......................................................................................................................... 24 3 In-situ Stress Distribution and Energy Pooling Law in fold Region with Thick Coal Seam ...................................................................................................................................... 25 3.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 25 3.2 Numerical Model Setting in FLAC3D ............................................................................. 25 3.3 Impacts of In-situ Stress in Fold Region ........................................................................ 28 3.4 Energy Pooling Law in Fold Region .............................................................................. 44 3.5 Sensitivity Analysis of Impacts of Fold ation ........................................................ 49 3.6 Summary ......................................................................................................................... 52 4 Stress Transfer and Energy Dissipation Law Caused by Thick Coal Seam Mining in Fold Region ..................................................................................