破碎岩体变质量流固耦合动力学理论及应用研究.pdf

博士学位论文 破碎岩体变质量流固耦合动力学理论 及应用研究 RESEARCH ON VARIABLE MASS FLUID-SOLID COUPLING DYNAMIC THEORY OF BROKEN ROCK MASS AND APPLICATION 作 者 姚邦华 导 师 缪协兴 教授 中国矿业大学 二○一二年五月 学位论文使用授权声明学位论文使用授权声明 本人完全了解中国矿业大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，同意本人所撰 写的学位论文的使用授权按照学校的管理规定处理 作为申请学位的条件之一，学位论文著作权拥有者须授权所在学校拥有学位 论文的部分使用权，即①学校档案馆和图书馆有权保留学位论文的纸质版和电 子版，可以使用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编学位论文；②为教学和 科研目的，学校档案馆和图书馆可以将公开的学位论文作为资料在档案馆、图书 馆等场所或在校园网上供校内师生阅读、浏览。另外，根据有关法规，同意中国 国家图书馆保存研究生学位论文。 （保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权书） 。 作者签名 导师签名 年 月 日 年 月 日 中图分类号 学校代码 10290 UDC 密 级 公开 国家重点基础研究发展计划973项目2010CB226800 高等学校学科创新引智计划B07028 国家自然科学基金项目51074166，50974107，50974115，50904065，51104147 新世纪优秀人才支持计划项目 NCET-09-）0728 中国矿业大学 博士学位论文 破碎岩体变质量流固耦合动力学理论 及应用研究 RESEARCH ON VARIABLE MASS FLUID-SOLID COUPLING DYNAMIC THEORY OF BROKEN ROCKMASS AND APPLICATION 作者姓名 姚邦华 导 师 缪协兴 申请学位 工 学 博 士 培养单位 深部岩土力学与地下 工程国家重点实验室 学科专业 工 程 力 学 研究方向 采动岩体渗流力学 答辩委员会主席 评 阅 人 二○一二年五月 论文审阅认定书论文审阅认定书 研究生 姚邦华 在规定的学习年限内，按照研究生培养方案的要 求，完成了研究生课程的学习，成绩合格；在我的指导下完成本学位 论文，经审阅，论文中的观点、数据、表述和结构为我所认同，论文 撰写格式符合学校的相关规定，同意将本论文作为学位申请论文送专 家评审。 导师签字 年 月 日 致致 谢谢 .本文是在导师缪协兴教授的悉心指导下完成的。导师在论文选题上给予了具 有前瞻性的指导，在技术路线上给予了关键性的点拨，在相关内容上给予了充分 的自由研究空间并协调团队的力量予以支持和帮助；在论文框架的构建以及最后 的文理疏通、审阅定稿等每一步工作中，导师都倾注了大量的心血。从师五年， 感触颇深、感悟颇多。缪协兴教授正直的做人品格、灵活的处事方法、忘我的工 作精神、严谨的治学态度、宽广的知识面、把握全局的能力都给学生树立了典范。 感谢吾师，给我提供了很好的科研平台和一个团结、友善、自由、关爱的工作学 习环境，并给予我生活上诸多的关怀和帮助，所有这一切，学生讲铭记在心、永 志不忘。在此，向缪老师致以最诚挚的谢意。 特别感谢茅献彪教授在我求学期间给予的无微不至的关怀。在论文选题、实 验、写作过程中给予了学生关键性指导与帮助，在此对茅老师表示深深的谢意。 感谢陈占清教授在试验和论文修改过程中给予的指导和帮助，与陈老师的探 讨，令学生获益良多。感谢白海波教授在我研究生学习期间对我的指导和帮助， 为我提供了良好的科研条件和实践机会。 感谢我大学的班主任浦海教授，多年来在学习和生活中给予了我大力的支持， 使我不断的进步。 感谢吴宇老师和张凯老师，两位师兄在理论分析、数值模拟及论文写作等方 面给予我大力的支持，是我学习的榜样。 感谢力学系董正筑教授、王连国教授、高峰教授、赵玉成教授、陈荣华教授、 马占国教授、刘卫群教授、卢爱红副教授、冯梅梅副教授、喻梅讲师等老师五年 来对我学习上、生活上的关心和帮助。 感谢力学系王鹏、高亚楠、宋良、杜锋、罗吉安、茅蓉蓉、徐惠、王路珍、 李冲、周保精、李明、张勃阳、戎虎仁、刘展等博士，刘少杰、马丹、杨城、李 海龙、李凯、焦阳、韦晓琪、张柬、刘瑞雪、高娟、倪晓燕、莘海德等硕士在我 写作论文过程中给予的帮助，感谢系、院、校的领导的关心和鼓励。 感谢父母的养育之恩，感谢他们在我二十年的求学生涯中的默默支持和无私 奉献。 感谢论文所引用文献的作者。 感谢吴洪老师在论文排版方面的辛勤工作。 最后，向在百忙之中对本论文审阅的各位专家致以诚挚的谢意 I 摘摘 要要 随着煤矿开采向深部延伸，矿井突水成为煤矿安全生产的重特大灾害之一。 我国煤矿重特大事故中，突水灾害的发生次数仅次于瓦斯和顶板事故，但造成的 经济损失却高居榜首。破碎岩体渗流及其灾变规律是煤矿突水机理研究的基础。 本文综合运用实验测试、理论分析和数值模拟等方法与手段，对破碎岩体变质量 流固耦合力学理论及煤矿陷落柱突水的机理进行了系统的研究，取得了如下研究 成果 （1）自行研制了可考虑颗粒迁移流失的破碎岩体渗透试验系统，成功地测试 了试样的骨料与填充物配比、轴向压力及含砂量等对破碎岩体渗流特性及其突变 规律的影响，得到了测试系统的水压与流量、试样的孔隙率及充填物流失速度等 随时间的变化规律。 （2）基于连续介质力学理论，建立了破碎岩体骨架变形固体颗粒迁移水 渗流的变质量流固耦合动力学模型，给出了破碎岩体渗流的质量守恒方程和动量 守恒方程，导出了由于溶蚀、颗粒迁移等导致破碎岩体孔隙率变化的控制方程等。 并用数值方法得到了破碎岩体孔隙率、渗透率、充填物流失速率、涌水量以及水 压力等参数的变化规律。 （3）开展了陷落柱充填物的 X 射线衍射（XRD）试验，依据晶体对 X 射线 的衍射测定了充填物的组成及含量；应用比重计法进行了陷落柱充填物的颗粒粒 径分布特征测试，得到了陷落柱充填物颗粒粒径分布曲线；给出了充填物成分及 颗粒粒径分布对陷落柱渗透特性的影响规律。 （4）借助于数值模拟方法，分析了受隐伏充水陷落柱威胁煤矿采场工作面突 水的危险性，得到了工作面涌水量、陷落柱孔隙率、陷落柱溶蚀颗粒迁移速度等 随承压含水层水压、围岩强度和陷落柱初始孔隙率、工作面推进距离等因素的变 化规律，可为导水陷落柱防水煤柱留设提供参考。 研究成果可为煤矿突水机理、预测预报方法及防治技术研究提供重要参考。 该论文有图 108 幅，表 28 个，参考文献 155 篇。 关键词关键词破碎岩体 变质量 流固耦合 颗粒迁移 陷落柱突水 III Abstract As the mining activity rapidly develop to deep ground for day by day, coal mine water inrush accidents become one of the most serious disaster that threaten the safty mining in China. The water inrush accidents number rank thrid behind coal mine gas explosion accidents and roof accidents, while ranking top in terms of economic loss.Seepage characteristic and mutation rule of broken rock mass is the basis of coal mine water inrush mechanism. In this paper, we systemtically investigated the variable mass fluid-solid coupling theory and Karst collapse column water inrush mechanism by using s involving theretical analysis, numerical simuation and experiments, and obtained the following results 1 We independently designed an equipment and the experiment system which can take particle transport into account, and successfully tested the seepage mutation rule under the conditions of different proportion, axial pressure and so on, obtaining the filling material flow velocity, porosity, water pressure and flow volume as the time for broken rock mass. 2 Based on the continuous medium mechanics, we built a variable mass fluid-solid coupling model including solid deation, particle transport and fluid seepage, deducing the mass conservation and moment conservation for the broken rock mass seepage, obtaining the governing equations of porosity evolution under conditions of erosion and particle transport, and getting the porosity, permeability, filling material flow ration, water inflow volume and water pressure for broken rock mass. 3 We carried out the X ray diffraction testing for filling material of Karst collapse column and obtained the components and content of the filling material; We tested the particle size distribution characteristics of the filling material by using hydrometer analysis, and obtained the particles size distribution curves, and detail analysis the effect of component and particle size distribution on the seepage characteristics of Karst collapse column. 4 We analyzed and uate the Karst collapse column water inrush risk by using numerical simulation , obtaining the water inflow volume, Karst collapse colume and particle transport ratio change under different conditions including aquifer pressure, surrounding rock strength, initial porosity of Karst collapse column and working face advanced distance, which can provide reference for the coal pillar leaving. The research results can provide important reference for coal mine water inrush mechanism, prediction and prevention technics. IV Key words Broken rock mass; Variable mass; Fluid-solid coupling; Particles transport; Karst collapse columns water inrush V Extended Abstract As it is well acknowledged that floor water inrush accidents become increasely serious as the mining activity rapidly develop to deep ground for day by day, in which the Karst collapse columns water inrush is one of the most important aspect. Therefore, how to correctly discover the mechanism of Karst collapse column water inrush to provide basis for the effectively prevent of Karst collapse column water inrush gradually become a hot topic both in home and abroad. However, the Karst collapse column water inrush process invovle a series of problems such as failure of rock mass, the transport of particles, characteristics change of fluid as well as porosity and seeapge evolution and so on, while the relating research results have not systemetically explained this topic. In this paper, we based on theories including the elastic mechanic theory for porous media, dynamic theory of ground water and seeapge theory, systemtically used s involving theretical analysis, numerical simuation and experiments investigated the multiphyical system including the failure of rock mass, the transport of particles, characteristics change of fluid as well as porosity and seeapge evolution and so on, and obtained the following innovative results 1 According to material on the geological material of Karst collapse columns, most of them focus on the geological structure introduction and water-conducted characteristics investigation from the geological viewpoint, while less of them pay attention to the filling components and particle distribution characteristics, which are the basis for study the Karst collapse column water inrush. Therefore, in this paper, we carried out the X ray diffraction testing for filling material of Karst collapse column and obtained the components and content of the filling material; We tested the particle size distribution characteristics of the filling material by using hydrometer analysis, and obtained the particles size distribution curves, and detail analysis the effect of component and particle size distribution on the seepage characteristics of Karst collapse column. The testing results indicate that the mineral component of Karst collapse columns mainly consist of kaolinite, quartz, illite, illite mixed layer, in which illte is characterized by easy transport under the effect of water flow, and the filling material mainly consist of small particles with diameter of 0.5mm. 2 With the development of research on the Karst collapse column, people began to realized the particles transport is the key factor for inducing water inrush. However, none has carried out the experimental simulation of Karst collapse column water inrush in laboratory due to the restriction of experiment equipments. In this paper, considering the key factor that particles transport results in the Karst collapse column water inrush, VI we independently designed an equipment and the experiment system which can be used to simulated the Karst collapse column water inrush process, and successfully tested the seepage mutation rule under the conditions of different proportion, axial pressure and so on, obtaining the filling material flow velocity, porosity, water pressure and flow volume as the time for broken rock mass, which primarily discovered the Karst collapse column water inrush caused by the filling material flow and porosity evolution and provided basic parameters for investigating Karst collapse column water inrush. The experiments results indicate that with the filling material proportion increase, the seepage mutation effect will more observe but then decrease, which behaved that the permeability mutation range of sample 1 to sample 3 become bigger as the filling material proportion grow from 25, 50 to 75, while the permeability mutation range of sample 4 is smaller with a filling material proportion 100; and the axial pressure also have important effect on the seepage mutation of samples. Furthermore, the experiment also indicate that the seepage characteristics of broken rock mass behaved three different stages, in the first stage, the permeability, porosity of broken rock mass increased gradually with few filling material flowed out, while in the seepage mutation stage, the permeability transiently grow number of times or even hundreds with porosity rapidly increasing, and plenty of filling material was flowed away, in the seepage steady stage, the permeability of broken rock mass keep constant along with time, and porosity gradually tended to steady with a rapid decrease of filling material flow velocity. 3 Based on the experimental and engineering practice results, we built the fluid-solid coupling model under the effect of particles transport after the following research results, discuss the mass change rule for solid particles, fluid and fluilized-particles and build the corresponding mass conservation relationship by using continuum mechanics , analyzed the coupling effect between solid deation, fluid seepage and particle transport and build the corresponding momentum conservation relationship, build the constitutive relationship between the above three media including permeability-porosity relationship, effective stress-strain relationship, water pressure-mass density and so on, obtaining a variable mass fluid-solid coupling dynamic model, and we investigate the Karst collapse column water inrush mechanism from the aspect of variable mass dynamic mechanics and fluid-solid coupling dynamics combination. 4 We solved the fluid-solid coupling model by using the multiphysics software COMSOL, obtaining the seepage characteristics, porosity, filling material flow velocity, flow volume as well as water pressure for Karst collapse column along with the time, the results indicated that the filling material of Karst collapse column were flowed out under the seepage effect, causing the permeability and water inflow volume increase, while the increase of permeability strengthen the ability of flowing particles, which made bigger particles flow away, this is a interaction process, finally resulting in Karst VII collapse column water inrush, the numerical simulation also indicate that the porosity erosion effect is the main reason for Karst collapse column water inrush. Furthermore, we compared the calculation results with the experimental and engineering practice results as well as the relating theory, and comparison between the solution results can perfectly match the relative data. 5 Based on the mechanical model, we consider the heterogeneity of Karst collapse column, and build the water inrush channels evolution numerical model during the process of working face advancement, systematically analyzed the porosity, seepage velocity, water pressure as well as plastic area evolution rule with the advancement of working face under the different seepage characteristics, and discuss the risk of Karst collapse column, the numerical simulation results indicated that the porosity and seepage velocity as well as plastic area increased with the advancement of working face, while the water pressure decreased gradually, with the risk of Karst collapse column water inrush risk growing, and the seepage characteristics of Karst collapse column is the key factor that determinate water inrush, the stronger of Karst collapse column seepage characteristics, the more serious to happen water inrush. The numerical simulation results also indicated that the Karst collapse column water inrush exist “Boundary effect”, that is the water inrush channels often located in the boundary of Karst collapse column because boundary area were discovered by the working face and the water inrush channels easily evolved there, the distribution rule of water inrush channels is water inrush channels consist of several main channels in the bottom of Karst collapse column, while they gradually ed one main water inrush channel in the top boundary of Karst collapse column. The research results can provide important basis for coal mine water inrush mechanism, prediction and prevention technics. VIII 目目 录录 摘 要摘 要...............................................................................................................................I 图清单图清单..........................................................................................................................XII 表清单表清单.........................................................................................................................XIX 变量表变量表.........................................................................................................................XXI 1 绪 论1 绪 论............................................................................................................................1 1.1 研究背景及意义.......................................................................................................1 1.2 国内外研究现状.......................................................................................................3 1.3 研究目标与研究内容.............................................................................................14 1.4 研究方法与