浅埋煤层间隔式空区下长壁综采覆岩移动规律研究.pdf

博士学位论文 浅埋煤层间隔式空区下长壁综采覆岩移动 规律研究 Study on Movement Rule of Longwall Overlying Strata under Interval Goaf in Shallow Coal Seam 作 者张付涛 导 师屠世浩教授 中国矿业大学 二〇一六年十月 万方数据 中图分类号 学校代码 10290 UDC 密 级 公开 中国矿业大学 博士学位论文 浅埋煤层间隔式空区下长壁综采覆岩移动规律研 究 Study on Movement Rule of Longwall Overlying Strata under Interval Goaf in Shallow Coal Seam 作 者 张付涛 导 师 屠世浩 申请学位 工学博士 培养单位 矿业工程学院 学科专业 采矿工程 研究方向 采煤方法与岩层控制 答辩委员会主席 柏建彪 评 阅 人 盲审 二〇一六年十月 万方数据 学位论文使用授权声明学位论文使用授权声明 本人完全了解中国矿业大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，同意本人所撰 写的学位论文的使用授权按照学校的管理规定处理 作为申请学位的条件之一， 学位论文著作权拥有者须授权所在学校拥有学位 论文的部分使用权，即①学校档案馆和图书馆有权保留学位论文的纸质版和电 子版，可以使用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编学位论文；②为教学和 科研目的，学校档案馆和图书馆可以将公开的学位论文作为资料在档案馆、图书 馆等场所或在校园网上供校内师生阅读、浏览。另外，根据有关法规，同意中国 国家图书馆保存研究生学位论文。 （保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权书） 。 作者签名 导师签名 年 月 日 年 月 日 万方数据 论文审论文审阅认定书阅认定书 研究生 张付涛 在规定的学习年限内， 按照研究生培养方案的要 求，完成了研究生课程的学习，成绩合格；在我的指导下完成本学位 论文,经审阅，论文中的观点、数据、表述和结构为我所认同，论文 撰写格式符合学校的相关规定， 同意将本论文作为学位申请论文送专 家评审。 导师签字 年 月 日 万方数据 致谢致谢 首先谨以最诚挚的敬意感谢我的恩师屠世浩教授。从论文选题、思路形成、 论文的指导，直至论文撰写，这期间论文的每一个环节无时无刻不凝聚着恩师的 心血和智慧；没有恩师的耐心指导、鼓励支持，论文不可能顺利完成。 师从数载，收获颇丰，感触亦深。恩师渊博的知识、创新的思维以及谦虚谨 慎的为人品质给我留下了深刻的印象， 并将使我受益终身。 同时， 恩师虚怀如谷、 严谨治学的工作作风给学生树立了榜样并留下了深刻的印象， 不断激励着学生勇 于面对学习及生活中的各种困难和挑战，这也是恩师传授给学生最宝贵的财富。 值此拙作完成之际，谨向导师屠世浩教授致以最崇高的敬意和衷心的感谢 感谢中国矿业大学袁永副教授、王方田副教授、张磊副教授、屠洪盛讲师、 白庆升博士后、 贵州大学矿业学院王沉老师在论文选题以及论文完成过程中给予 的有益启示和热情帮助。在此，向他们表示衷心的感谢 论文的顺利完成离不开课题组师兄弟们的鼎力相助。 在论文的撰写研究以及 完成过程中感谢张村博士、卜永强硕士、魏坤硕士、魏陆海硕士、冯星硕士在数 值模拟、 相似模拟、 实验室测试、 现场实测以及论文排版方面给予的帮助和支持。 没有你们的帮助和支持，论文不可能按时完成，在此表示衷心的感谢 在论文研究以及现场实践过程中， 感谢中煤集团陕西南梁矿业有限公司领导 及广大同事给予的现场工作支持与帮助。在此，向你们表示衷心的感谢 感谢家人对我的关怀和支持。 是你们给予了我最大的感情支撑， 感谢关心我、 关怀我的所有亲人 感谢论文中所引文献的作者和前辈们，您们的研究成果丰富了我的思路，是 论文得以顺利完成的强大基础。 衷心感谢各位专家、教授在百忙之中评审本论文。在此，致以深深的谢意 并殷切希望得到您的指正和赐教 张付涛 2016.10.19 万方数据 I 摘摘 要要 针对南梁煤矿 2-2煤层间隔式开采工艺、上下组煤层层间距、岩性、地貌特 征等参数研究下组煤基本顶运动规律，综合采用现场调研、实验室实验、理论计 算、数值模拟、现场实测分析等方法，对浅埋冲沟地貌间隔式煤柱下方集中应力 传递规律、间隔式煤柱及采空区下回采顶板运动、支架合理阻力，基本顶破断方 式及规律进行结构化、系统性分析，主要研究成果如下 （1）依据南梁煤矿地貌特征将地表分为平缓地貌与冲沟地貌，分别分析两 种地貌下煤柱上覆载荷分布规律，通过数值模拟，现场观测及理论计算分析不同 地貌条件下煤柱上覆法向载荷， 其中冲沟地貌间隔式煤柱上覆线性载荷倾角与冲 沟倾角一致，最终确定间隔式煤柱稳定状态为间隔式煤柱整体稳定，两侧分布 凹型塑性区，间隔式采空区稳定状态为直接顶冒落，基本顶弯曲下沉，采空区 未充实，采空区中主要承载结构为间隔式煤柱。 （2）分别建立平缓、冲沟地貌数值模拟模型验证得出了煤柱下应力集中传 播规律，结果表明 2-2煤间隔式煤柱垂直应力最大影响深度大于层间距，即垂直 应力在下组煤老顶中出现应力集中对 3-1煤层顶板运动规律存在影响，即煤柱附 近顶板压力大，来压步距减小，由间隔式煤柱引起水平集中应力对下组煤开采顶 板运动无影响。 （3）使用 FLAC 数值模拟软件建立平缓、冲沟相结合模型，拟合监测点垂 直应力数据得出 3-1煤层顶板载荷曲线；利用矩形弹性薄板模型边界条件多样 性，分别选取四边固支、三边固支一边简支得到了冲沟及平缓地貌下 3-1煤层顶 板初次来压及周期来压挠度、应力分布规律。 （4）基于能量释放理论建立能量法板裂判断准则，将板内应力分布规律迭 代到准则内，解释了采空区下顶板破裂演化规律。同时分析得出背、向冲沟方式 及沟深为影响危险区域扩展重要因素。 （5）结合实验室正交配比方案实验及南梁煤矿岩层性质铺设相似模拟模型 用以研究冲沟发育地貌浅埋间隔采空区下覆岩运动特征。 根据相似模拟及数值模 拟计算得出 3-1煤层的所需工作阻力分别为 8605KN。以南梁矿 20304 工作面为 研究对象， 对比平缓地貌与冲沟地貌的矿压显现规律得出冲沟地貌的周期来压步 距、支架最大工作阻力以及来压动载系数均要大于平缓地貌，以间隔式采空区下 方 30107 工作面为例分析间隔式煤柱下综采工作面矿压规律得出间隔式煤柱下 工作面周期来压步距平均为 11.43 m，其中间隔式煤柱下方周期来压步距较间隔 式采空区下方小。 该论文有图 130 幅，表 15 个，参考文献 126 篇。 万方数据 II 关键词关键词浅埋煤层；间隔式采空区；冲沟地貌；间隔式煤柱；覆岩运移规律；工 作阻力确定 万方数据 III Abstract Based on the mining process of 2-2 coal seam, interval type group coal seam spacing lithology, land characteristic parameters and other factors of Nanliang coal mine, the roof movement law of lower group coal are studied. The s of field investigation, laboratory experiments, theoretical calculation, numerical simulation and field measurement are used to structured and systematic analysis of the law of the concentrated stress transfer under interval coal pillar and the movement of the roof under the coal pillar and gob reasonable support resistance, breaking mode and rules of basic roof, the main research results are as follows 1 Based on the geomorphic features of Nanliang coal mine, the ground surface is divided into gentle land and gully land, and the distribution law of coal pillar overburden under two kinds of geomorphology is analyzed respectively. The calculating of the overburden load distribution of coal pillar is obtained by numerical simulation and theoretical calculation. The calculation of the overburden load distribution of the gentle land pillar and calculation of the overburden load distribution of the gully land pillar have been list in the text.The linear load inclination is consistent with that of the gully. 2 We established the numerical simulation of gentle and gully topography and got the regular of the stress concentration in coal pillar. At the same time, we analyzed the quantity of the coal pillar’s effect to the vertical stress and the range of horizontal stress to the coal pillar floor. The result shows that the biggest influence depth of the interval type coal pillar is bigger than the layer spacing in the 2-2 coal, which means that the vertical stress s stress concentration in the main roof of the lower coal group, and it affects the law of motion in the 3-1 coal while the levels of stress concentration has no effect to the law of motion of the lower coal group. 3 We established the gently, gully combination model with numerical simulation software FLAC, the 3-1 coal seam roof load curve was obtained. With the diversity of rectangular elastic thin plate model boundary conditions, we selected the four edges clamped and the trilateral clamped and simply supported. Finally, we got the regular of the stress distribution and the deflection of roof in the 3-1 coal under the condition of gully and under the flat landscape. 4 Energy based on the theory of energy release plate crack judgment criteria, we plugged the regular of the stress distribution of the plate in the guidelines, and explained the roof fracture evolution under the goaf area. Meanwhile, it is 万方数据 IV concluded that the way of entering and leaving the gully and the depth of gully are the important factors influencing the expansion of dangerous area. 5 Combining the ratio of orthogonal experiment in the laboratory and rock properties laid of Nanliang coal mine, we laid a analog simulation model to research the gully development landscape strata movement characteristics under a shallow and interval of mined-out area. Combining with the numerical simulation, the similar simulation experiment and under the condition of shallow buried coal seam massive roof to determine reasonable hydraulic support working resistance of 3-1 coal seam is 8605 KN. Taking 20304 working face of Nanliang coal mine as the research object, compared to flat topography and gully topography rule of mine pressure appear, draw a conclusion that periodic weighting interval, biggest support working resistance and dynamic load coefficients of gully topography were larger than flat topography, taking the 30107 working face below the interval mined-out area as an example to analyze the underground pressure law of the fully mechanized coal mining face under the interval coal pillar, the average pressure step interval of the interval coal pillar working face is 11.43 m, The lower cycle to the pressure interval than the interval below the mined-out area. This thesis has 130 figures, 15 tables and 126 references. Keywords shallow buried coal seam; goaf; gully land; interval coal pillar; regularity of overlying rock movement; determination of work resistance 万方数据 V Extended Abstract Based on the mining process of 2-2 coal seam, interval type group coal seam spacing lithology, land characteristic parameters and other factors of Nanliang coal mine, the roof movement law of lower group coal are studied. The s of field investigation, laboratory experiments, theoretical calculation, numerical simulation and field measurement are used to structured and systematic analysis of the law of the concentrated stress transfer under interval coal pillar and the movement of the roof under the coal pillar and gob reasonable support resistance, breaking mode and rules of basic roof, the main research results are as follows 1 The different mining s of 2-2 coal and the s of gob are introduced, the interval workface layout and main technical parameters， the coal pillar design parameters and surface topography of minefield are mainly introduced. Based on the occurrence characteristics of 3-1 coal, the difficulties of the layout of 3-1 coal working face are summarized and analyzed. At the same time, based on the field sampling of specific area，rock mechanical parameters were obtained by the means of laboratory test analysis, which provided the basis for subsequent calculation and numerical simulation. 2 Based on the geomorphic features of Nanliang coal mine, the ground surface is divided into gentle land and gully land, and the distribution law of coal pillar overburden under two kinds of geomorphology is analyzed respectively. The calculating of the overburden load distribution of coal pillar is obtained by numerical simulation and theoretical calculation. The calculation of the overburden load distribution of the gentle land pillar is as follows /qH aba The calculation of the overburden load distribution of the gully land pillar is as follows  2 00 tantan0.ta5n/qaahbhabba The linear load inclination is consistent with that of the gully. 3 We established the numerical simulation of gentle and gully topography and got the regular of the stress concentration in coal pillar. At the same time we analyzed the quantity of the coal pillar’s effect to the vertical stress and the range of horizontal stress to the coal pillar floor. The result shows that under the condition of the flat landscape, the scope of vertical stress and the horizontal stress would reach a stable state when there are 10 to 17 coal pillars. Under the condition of gully topography, the 万方数据 VI number of coal pillar would be 3 to 4. The result also shows that the biggest influence depth of the interval type coal pillar is bigger than the layer spacing in the 2-2 coal, which means that the vertical stress s stress concentration in the main roof of the lower coal group, and it affects the law of motion in the 3-1 coal while the levels of stress concentration has no effect to the law of motion of the lower coal group. 4 We established the gently, gully combination model with numerical simulation software FLAC, we used the interval excavation in the 2-2 coal and decorated lines in the basic roof of 3-1 coal. The two lines locate the under face of coal pillars under the gentle and gully topography, draw a scatter and roof load curve fitting; With the diversity of rectangular elastic thin plate model boundary conditions, we selected the four edges clamped and the trilateral clamped and simply supported, in the end, we got the regular of the stress distribution and the deflection of roof in the 3-1 coal under the condition of gully and under the flat landscape. 5 Energy based on the theory of energy release plate crack judgment criteria, we plugged the regular of the stress distribution in the plate in the guidelines, and explained the roof fracture evolution under the mine-out area. At the same time, it is concluded that the way of entering and leaving the gully and the depth of gully are the important factors influencing the expansion of dangerous area. 6 Combining the ratio of orthogonal experiment in the laboratory and rock properties laid of Nan Liang coal mine, we laid a analog simulation model to research the gully development landscape strata movement characteristics under a shallow and interval of mined-out area. From the result of 2-2 coal we could get such ination the crack extension in tilt, horizontal direction of the coal pillar are obvious, the immediate roof of interval type goaf have collapsed , the basic roof is bent; the results of 3-1 coal show that the first weighting interval is 60m, the periodic weighting interval is about 13 m. Combining with the numerical simulation, the similar simulation experiment and under the condition of shallow buried coal seam massive roof to determine reasonable hydraulic support working resistance of 3-1 coal seam is 8605 KN. 7 Taking 20304 working face of Nanliang coal mine as the research object, compared to flat topography and gully topography rule of mine pressure appear, the results show that the flat topography first pressure step distance of 50.67 m, periodic weighting interval is about 12.58 m, the dynamic load coefficient is 1.58; the periodic weighting interval of the back to the gully area, under the gully area and advance to 万方数据 VII the gully area were 17.89 m, 16.08 m and 21.58 m respectively. The dynamic load coefficient of the back to the gully area, under the gully area and advance to the gully area were 1.71, 1.85 and 1.58. Which draw a conclusion that periodic weighting interval, biggest support working resistance and dynamic load coefficients of gully topography were larger than flat topography. 万方数据 VIII 目目 录录 摘摘 要要............................................................................................................................ I 目目 录录...................................................................................................................... VIII 图清单图清单........................................................................................................................ XII 表清单表清单.......................................................................................................................XIX 变量注释表变量注释表 ............................................................................................................... XX 1 绪论绪论............................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 研究背景及意义 ..................................................................................................... 1 1.2 国内外研究现状 ..................................................................................................... 2 1.3 研究内容及研究方法 ............................................................................................. 9 1.4 研究目标及创新点 ............................................................................................... 10 2 间隔式开采顶板垮落特征及间隔煤柱稳定性分析间隔式开采顶板垮落特征及间隔煤柱稳定性分析 ............................................. 12 2.1 矿区煤层地质特征 ............................................................................................... 12 2.2 现有采空区形式及其分布 ................................................................................... 13 2.3 间隔采空区顶板垮落特征 ................................................................................... 16 2.4 间隔煤柱稳定性分析 .......