抛掷爆破-拉斗铲倒堆工艺参数优化理论研究.pdf

博士学位论文 抛掷爆破-拉斗铲倒堆工艺参数 优化理论研究 Research on Optimization Theories of Parameters in Blast Casting-Dragline Stripping Technology 作 者肖双双 导 师李克民教授 中国矿业大学 二〇一六年十二月 万方数据 中图分类号 TD824 学校代码 10290 UDC622 密 级 公开 中国矿业大学 博士学位论文 抛掷爆破-拉斗铲倒堆工艺参数 优化理论研究 Research on Optimization Theories of Parameters in Blast Casting-Dragline Stripping Technology 作 者 肖双双 导 师 李克民 申请学位 工学博士 培养单位 矿业工程学院 学科专业 采矿工程 研究方向 露天开采 答辩委员会主席 姬长生 评 阅 人 盲审 二○一六年十二月 万方数据 学位论文使用授权声明学位论文使用授权声明 本人完全了解中国矿业大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，同意本人所撰 写的学位论文的使用授权按照学校的管理规定处理 作为申请学位的条件之一， 学位论文著作权拥有者须授权所在学校拥有学位 论文的部分使用权，即①学校档案馆和图书馆有权保留学位论文的纸质版和电 子版，可以使用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编学位论文；②为教学和 科研目的，学校档案馆和图书馆可以将公开的学位论文作为资料在档案馆、图书 馆等场所或在校园网上供校内师生阅读、浏览。另外，根据有关法规，同意中国 国家图书馆保存研究生学位论文。 （保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权书） 。 作者签名 导师签名 年 月 日 年 月 日 万方数据 论文审阅认定书论文审阅认定书 研究生 肖双双 在规定的学习年限内， 按照研究生培养方案的 要求，完成了研究生课程的学习，成绩合格；在我的指导下完成本学 位论文，经审阅，论文中的观点、数据、表述和结构为我所认同，论 文撰写格式符合学校的相关规定， 同意将本论文作为学位申请论文送 专家评审。 导师签字 年 月 日 万方数据 致致 谢谢 五年的研究生学习生涯即将结束，在博士毕业论文完成之际，向各位关心和 帮助我的老师、同学和亲友表达我最诚挚的谢意。 首先，衷心感谢我的导师李克民教授对我的谆谆教诲和无私关怀。导师渊博 的知识、广阔的视野、严谨的治学态度、泰而不骄矜而不争的为人风范深深地感 染并激励着我。本论文的选题、结构设计、撰写、修改等每一步都是在导师的悉 心指导下完成的。五年中，每一篇论文、每一本报告的完稿都离不开导师的精心 指导。导师为我指明研究方向，鼓励我奋力前行，导师的培养成就了我的每一次 进步。在此，向导师李克民教授致以诚挚的谢意和崇高的敬意 在完成论文期间， 作者得到了中国矿业大学露天开采及边坡工程研究所各位 老师的指导和帮助。 在此， 向才庆祥教授、 姬长生教授、 尚涛教授、 车兆学教授、 舒继森教授、彭洪阁副教授、周伟副教授、陈树召讲师表示衷心的感谢感谢你 们对论文选题、研究内容等提出的宝贵建议。研究生期间，作者得到了中国矿业 大学矿业工程学院和研究生院的有关领导、老师的帮助和支持，在此一并致以诚 挚的谢意 感谢师兄丁小华讲师、马力博士后、许晨硕士、常治国硕士、李涛硕士、同 学周亚博硕士、张广超硕士、师妹吕粲及师弟张崇欣、刘干、张永贵、刘桐、黄 甫、唐文亮等硕士的帮助，感谢你们陪伴我度过五年的幸福时光；感谢本硕博同 窗王沉、程亮等在生活中的包容和学术上的帮助；同时也感谢同学程鹏、金磊、 徐君、曹新宇、何有贵等的帮助和支持 感谢论文参考文献中列出的各位专家对本人的启发 感谢我的父母和亲友，你们无私的爱和默默的支持是我不断前行的动力。 最后， 衷心地感谢百忙之中抽出时间悉心评阅本论文和参与答辩的各位专家 肖双双 2016 年 4 月 18 日 万方数据 I 摘摘 要要 为了科学设计抛掷爆破拉斗铲倒堆工艺参数， 论文根据露天采矿工程的基本 原理及抛掷爆破拉斗铲倒堆工艺的技术特点，综合采用现场调研、理论分析、数 值模拟、现场试验等方法，揭示了抛掷爆破拉斗铲倒堆工艺基本规律，提出了拉 斗铲作业平台参数、抛掷爆破参数、高台阶参数的优化设计方法及拉斗铲倒堆工 艺系统可靠性优化理论， 从而构建了抛掷爆破拉斗铲倒堆工艺参数优化设计理论 体系。 论文首先根据露天矿采场空间形成过程及其发展规律， 以及工作面和工作线 推进的时空关系，提出了倒堆工艺系统工作面移动、矿山工程协调发展等规律， 揭示了拉斗铲挖掘、工作线推进、备采煤量变化过程的周期性。 然后提出了拉斗铲作业平台临界高度计算方法， 揭示了拉斗铲生产效率与作 业平台高度、作业平台宽度之间的关系，建立了作业平台参数优化的非线性规划 模型，提出了作业平台高度动态调整方法。此外，论文从经验应用角度出发，提 出了基于加权聚类分析的抛掷爆破智能设计方法，研究了预裂爆破成缝机理，提 出了大直径深孔预裂爆破参数设计方法， 建立了高台阶抛掷爆破爆堆形态预测模 型。并采用回归分析等方法，构建了抛掷爆破台阶参数与采剥费用之间的关系模 型，给出了抛掷爆破台阶参数的约束条件，建立了抛掷爆破台阶参数多目标优化 模型，提出了基于带精英策略的非支配排序遗传算法（NSGA-Ⅱ）的多目标优化 模型求解方法。 最后，论文根据系统可靠性理论，提出了拉斗铲倒堆工艺系统可靠性测度的 概念，分析了影响拉斗铲倒堆工艺系统可靠性的主要因素，提出了设计参数动态 调整方法，并建立了拉斗铲生产能力预测模型，构建了系统可靠性动态优化理论 模型，提出了系统可靠性优化的相关措施。 实例计算表明，黑岱沟露天煤矿最优拉斗铲作业平台高度为 14.6m，平台宽 度为 118m，抛掷爆破台阶的最优工作线长度为 2200m，台阶高度为 38m，采掘 带宽度为 84m，台阶坡面角为 65 。月原煤生产能力为 2.9Mt 的情况下，需要增 加单斗卡车辅助剥离量 0.19Mm3，单斗卡车辅助剥离推进距离为 235.9m。生产 实践证明了优化结果的正确性。 该论文有图 88 幅，表 20 个，参考文献 178 篇。 关键词关键词露天煤矿；抛掷爆破；倒堆工艺；优化设计；可靠性 万方数据 II Abstract In order to scientific design blast casting dragline stripping technology parame- ters, according to surface mining theories and technical characteristics of dragline stripping technology, integrated s of field research, theoretical analysis, nu- merical simulation and field test were adopted. This was to reveal the basic laws of blast casting dragline stripping technology, propose the optimum design for parameters of dragline working face, high bench blast casting and blast casting bench, put forward optimization theories of dragline stripping system reliability, and then construct the optimum design theory system of parameters of blast casting and drag- line stripping technology. Firstly, based on the ation process and development law of stope space, and the space-time relations of working face advance, the laws of working face advance and coordinated development of mining engineering were put forward. The periodic- ities of dragline stripping, working-line advance, and change processes of spare coal quantities were revealed. Then, the calculation model of critical height for dragline working bench was proposed. The relationships between dragline’s operation efficiencies and heights, weights of dragline working bench were discovered. A non-linear programming model was built for optimizing working bench parameters, and the dynamic adjust- ing of dragline working bench height was presented. In addition, from the perspective of the application experience, the intelligent design of high bench blast casting parameters based on weighted clustering was presented, crack- ing mechanism of pre-splitting blasting was analyzed, and the design of large diameter and deep hole pre-splitting blasting parameters was brought forward. The prediction model of muckpile shape of blast casting was created. Furthermore, a re- lationship model of blast casting bench parameters and stripping and mining cost was established using regression analysis. The constraint conditions of blast casting bench parameters were given. The multi-objective optimization design model of blast casting bench parameters was established and the solution of the mul- ti-objective optimization model based on NSGA-II was proposed. Finally, according to the system reliability theory, new concepts of dragline stripping system reliability measurement were proposed. The factors of the reliability of dragline stripping system were analyzed; the dynamic adjusting of design 万方数据 III parameters was presented, and the prediction model of dragline’s production capacity was established with the application of generalized regression neural network. Thus, the dynamic optimization theory model of system reliability was built, and the measures related to optimize the reliability of dragline stripping system were pro- posed. The study of Heidaigou surface mine shows that the optimal dragline working bench height is 14.6m, the working bench weight is 118m, the optimal working face length of blast casting is 2200m, the bench height is 38m, the strip width is 84m, the slope angle of bench is 65 degrees. The assisted stripping volume of shovel-truck should be increase 0.19Mm3 as the planned monthly raw coal production capacity is 2.9Mt. Accordingly, the advance distance of the truck assisting dragline in stripping is 235.9m. The optimize results have been approved by production practice. There are 88 figures, 20 tables and 178 references in this dissertation. Keywords surface coal mine; blast casting; stripping system; optimization design; reliability 万方数据 IV Extended Abstract Unreasonable design of blast casting and dragline stripping technological param- eters will result to a series of problems such as poor blast casting effect, unstable blast casting bench, and low dragline operation efficiency. In order to scientifically design the relevant parameters and promote the application of dragline stripping system in accordance to surface mining theories and technical characteristics of dragline strip- ping technology, integrated s of field research, theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and field test were adopted. This was to reveal the basic laws of blast cast- ing dragline stripping technology; propose the optimum design of parameters of dragline working face, high bench blast casting and blast casting bench; put for- ward optimization theory of dragline stripping system reliability, and then construct the optimum design theory system of parameters of blast casting and dragline strip- ping technology. The main works accomplished in the dissertation are as follow 1 Based on the ation process and development law of stope space, and space-time relations of working face advance, the laws of working face advancing and coordinated development of mining engineering were put forward. The periodicities of mining engineering development were also revealed. The results of the analysis indicate that the rate of exposing coal seam and the advancing speed of working face in stripping internal dump are both equal to the advancing speed of dragline working face under dragline stripping technology condition. Besides, the dragline stripping, working-line advance, and change processes of spare coal quantities have obvious pe- riodicities during the production process. Mastering these periodicities is advanta- geous for scientific design of mining engineering. 2 According to limit equilibrium , the expression equations of overall and partial factors of safety were derived, and the solution of the minimum factor of safety FOS was transed to solving a constrained nonlinear programming prob- lem, the exhaustive EM and particle swarm optimization algorithm PSO were applied to solve this problem. On these bases, the calculation model of critical height for working bench was proposed. The critical height of working bench and dumpping height of dragline in Heidaigou surface mine were computed to 33.2m and 81m respectively. The dragline digging ranges in the situations of one-way and round trip operation were analyzed. The calculating ulas of digging depth under varying conditions, and forward and reverse walking distance were deduced. The relationships 万方数据 V between the dragline’s operation efficiencies and the heights, weights of dragline working bench were discovered. It is proved through calculation that the dragline’s operation efficiencies decreases with the increase of heights and weights of dragline working bench. A non-linear programming model was built for optimizing working bench parameters by considering the technical, economic and security factors com- prehensively, and the constraint conditions of working bench parameters were ana- lyzed comprehensively, the solution of the model was proposed. The study of Heidaigou surface mine shows that the optimal dragline working bench height is 14.6m; the working bench weight is 118m. Besides, with mathematical such as discrete mathematics used the mathematical relationships between working bench height and elevation of internal dumping bench, rate of exposing coal seam were de- duced, and the dynamic adjusting of dragline working bench height was pre- sented. 3 From the perspective of application experience, the intelligent design of high bench blast casting parameters based on weighted clustering was pre- sented. The cracking mechanism of pre-splitting blasting was analyzed and the design of large diameter and deep hole pre-splitting blasting parameters was brought forward. The prediction model of muckpile shape of blast casting was created. The blast casting and pre-splitting blasting parameters of Heidaigou surface mine were de- termined. Practices show that the can intelligently design a blasting area; se- lecte rational blasting parameters set according to blasting area conditions and design goals by taking full advantage of successful blasting cases, and improve the reliability of design results. 4 A relationship model of blast casting bench parameters and stripping and mining cost was established using regression analysis. The constraint conditions of blast casting bench parameters were given in terms of resource geologic condition, equipment specifications and production operation conditions. By the comprehensive consideration of dragline operation efficiency, slope stability and efficiency of exca- vating coal, the multi-objective optimization design model of blast casting bench pa- rameters was established, and the solution of multi-objective optimization model based on NSGA-II was proposed. The study of Heidaigou surface mine shows that the optimal working face length of blast casting is 2200m, the bench height is 38m, the strip width is 84m, and the slope angle of bench is 65 degrees. Moreover, if other factors are not considered, the total stripping and mining costs firstly increase 万方数据 VI and then decrease with increasing working face lengths and stip widths 60 to 90 me- ters, decrease with increasing bench heights and slope angles. 5 According to system reliability theory, new concepts of dragline stripping system reliability and reliability measurement were proposed. The factors of the relia- bility of dragline stripping system were analyzed and the dynamic adjusting of design parameters was presented. The prediction model of dragline’s production capacity was established with the application of generalized regression neural network. Thus, the dynamic optimization theory model of system reliability was built, and the measures related to optimize the reliability of dragline stripping system were proposed. Apart from the internal and external faults of the dragline, there are also many other factors affecting the dragline stripping system reliability, such as the scheduled strip- ping volume of the dragline, the change of the coal seam thickness, height of blast casting bench and the actual production capacity of dragline, etc. The calculations in- dicate that the dragline stripping system reliability decreases with the weighted mean of coal seam thickness and increases with the decrease of the height of blast casting bench and monthly raw coal production capacity. The optimization measures are needed such as dynamically determining weighted average coal seam thickness, ac- curately predicting the production capacity of dragline, utilizing shovel-truck to assist dragline in stripping and adjusting the height of blast casting bench to improve drag- line stripping system reliability. Keywords surface coal mine; blast casting; stripping system; optimization design; reliability 万方数据 VII 目目 录录 摘摘 要要 ....................................................................................................................... I 目目 录录 ................................................................................................................... VII 图清单图清单 .................................................................................................................... XI 表清单表清单 ................................................................................................................. XVI 变量注释表变量注释表 ...................................................................................................... XVIII 1 绪论绪论 ...................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 研究背景与研究意义 ........................................................................................ 1 1.2 国内外研究现状 ................................................................................................ 5 1.3 研究目标与研究内容 .......................................................................................12 1.4 研究方法与技术路线 .......................................................................................13 1.5 创新点.......................................................................................................