难采资源综合机械化固体充填开采适宜性评价研究.pdf

博士学位论文 难采资源综合机械化固体充填开采 适宜性评价研究 Study on Suitability uation of Full-Mechanized Solid Back-filling Mining Technology for Difficult-to-Mine Resource 作 者周跃进 导 师汪云甲 教授 中国矿业大学 二 O 一二年五月 学位论文使用授权声明学位论文使用授权声明 本人完全了解中国矿业大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，同意本人所撰 写的学位论文的使用授权按照学校的管理规定处理 作为申请学位的条件之一， 学位论文著作权拥有者须授权所在学校拥有学位 论文的部分使用权，即①学校档案馆和图书馆有权保留学位论文的纸质版和电 子版，可以使用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编学位论文；②为教学和 科研目的，学校档案馆和图书馆可以将公开的学位论文作为资料在档案馆、图书 馆等场所或在校园网上供校内师生阅读、浏览。另外，根据有关法规，同意中国 国家图书馆保存研究生学位论文。 （保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权书） 。 作者签名 导师签名 年 月 日 年 月 日 中图分类号 P28 学校代码 10290 UDC 528 密 级 公开 中国矿业大学 博士学位论文 难采资源综合机械化固体充填开采 适宜性评价研究 Study on Suitability uation of Full-Mechanized Solid Back-filling Mining Technology for Difficult-to-Mine Resource 作 者 周跃进 导 师 汪云甲 教授 申请学位 工学博士 培养单位 环测学院 学科专业地图制图学与地理信息工程 研究方向 资源环境信息与空间决策 答辩委员会主席 王 庆 评 阅 人 二 O 一二年五月 论文审阅认定书论文审阅认定书 研究生 周跃进 在规定的学习年限内， 按照研究生培养方案的要 求，完成了研究生课程的学习，成绩合格；在我的指导下完成本学位 论文，经审阅，论文中的观点、数据、表述和结构为我所认同，论文 撰写格式符合学校的相关规定， 同意将本论文作为学位申请论文送专 家评审。 导师签字 年 月 日 致致 谢谢 多年后再次走进课堂，聆听老师的教诲，可以说是件很幸运的事；在学习的 过程中，以学习与科研为载体，认识了许多无私帮助我的领导、老师和同学，不 能不说这更是件幸运的事。在博士论文即将合上最后一页时，回顾学习的历程， 感慨万千，感激之情涌上心头。藉此机会向关心我、帮助我的所有人致以最诚挚 的感谢。 首先感谢恩师汪云甲教授多年来对我学习和科研的指导和帮助。入学之初， 汪老师就列举了必看书目，并有幸拿到了汪老师赠送的部分书籍。在博士论文的 选题、研究思路及写作阶段，无不倾注了汪老师大量心血。在论文写作停滞不前 时，汪老师的鼓励和指导给了我无穷的动力。论文修改与定稿更是让导师度过了 多个不眠之夜。汪老师对科研的执著、对事业的不懈追求，这种精神对我的感染 更是我终身最宝贵的财富。在此，再次对恩师致以深深的敬意。 感谢中国矿业大学副校长缪协兴教授在论文选题方面给予的指导， 在论文创 新性方面提出了建议。在论文选题和完成的过程中，李永峰教授、郭广礼教授对 论文架构提出了很多建设性意见，并在经济学、矿山资源管理、“三下”开采沉陷 等方面多次给予指导；查剑锋副教授、李效顺副教授、杨敏副教授、王行凤副教 授、张华博士、周永臣博士、黄翌博士、梁双华博士、刘光孟硕士、阚俊峰硕士、 王允硕士、田峰硕士在开采损害与防护、GIS 应用等方面提出了许多宝贵意见。 在此对他们表示真诚的感谢 感谢中国矿业大学张吉雄教授在固体充填开采技术、论文选题、科研资料收 集等多方面给予的指导和帮助。感谢黄艳利博士、巨峰博士、周楠博士、刘展博 士、刘玉博士、昝东峰硕士、姜海强硕士、聂守江硕士、安百富硕士、汪贺硕士、 谭辅清硕士、邓雪杰硕士、张强硕士等人的帮助 感谢学院领导和老师多年来的关心感谢皖北矿业集团、兖州矿业集团、淮 北矿业集团提供了丰富的现场资料及基础数据感谢本论文所引用文献的作者。 感谢父母亲的养育之恩，更感谢他们多年对家庭的操劳和无私奉献感谢爱 人夏雯硕士，多年来织造的家庭港湾为我创造了良好学习环境女儿周琳琅的出 生给了我无穷的快乐，也给我增添了学习和工作的动力，感谢女儿用她的聪明和 可爱陪我完成了学业及博士论文 最后感谢所有评审专家以及参加我论文答辩会的专家 周跃进 2012 年 3 月 I 摘摘 要要 近几年，综合机械化固体充填开采研究取得了长足进展，已在全国多个矿区 得到推广应用。但对于综合机械化充填开采的经济性、投料井选址、充填开采工 作面适宜区、充填原料适宜性、充填开采设防标准适宜性等问题则鲜有研究，当 前迫切需要加强这些方面的研究工作，为开采优化决策提供依据。本学位论文在 国家自然科学基金等项目的资助下， 对难采资源综合机械化固体充填开采的适宜 性进行了系统研究，取得了有价值的成果。 （1）建立了矿区可持续发展系统演变模型及可持续发展能力评价模型，得 出了淮北矿区顶板垮落法开采（不考虑充填开采）及充填开采时可持续发展系统 评价结果，揭示了矿区可持续发展中充填开采的作用与地位。 （2）讨论了难采资源概念、难采储量分类及经济性，构建了固体充填开采 企业及国家层面的经济分析模型， 结合河南平顶山市某矿实际， 进行了实证研究。 （3）提出了黄土充填与煤矿开采的互补性原理，论述了黄土可充填性；探 讨了粉煤灰作为充填材料的技术途径及建筑垃圾、 淤泥等固体物废弃物用作煤矿 固体充填开采原材料的思路。 （4）定义了充填开采密实度概念，根据充填采煤密实度分布曲线，完善了 充填开采充填效果判断标准， 提出了难采资源综合机械化固体充填开采密实度设 防标准适宜性评价模型。 （5）确定了充填开采投料井选址需考虑的主要因子，提出了基于改进的灰 色关联度模型和 GIS 空间分析的研究方法， 构建了充填开采投料井适宜区选址模 型；结合研究区的实际，对投料井适宜区选择进行了实际计算分析。 （6）构建了固体充填开采工作面适宜性区划综合评价模型，提出了适宜区 等级划分标准， 开发出了基于 GIS 的固体充填开采工作面适宜性区域划分系统并 进行了实际应用。 研究表明， 通过充填开采， 矿区可持续发展的能力与协调性有了明显的改进； 论文成果可为煤矿区进行固体充填开采适宜性评价、等级划分、优序决策，为合 理有效利用煤矸石、开采损害防护与三下开采方案确定提供手段及技术支持。 该论文有图 82 幅，表 33 个，参考文献 234 篇。 关键词关键词固体充填；综合机械化开采；适宜评价；可持续发展 III Abstract Fully-mechanized solid back-filling mining technology has obtained great progress and been applied to many mining areas successfully. However, Researches on economic suitability, location selection of feeding well, division of working face, back-filling material suitability and fortification criterion of back-filling mining are seldom involved in literature data. This article analyses and uates the suitability of fully-mechanized solid back-filling mining to perfect the theoretical system of solid back-filling mining. Main research contents are as follows 1 The logistic model of sustainable development, the evolution model of the system and compatible uating model of sustainable development of mining areas are established. Then, the uating results of sustainable development system of Huaibei Mining Area using back-filling mining and traditional mining are obtained, which reveals the important function and role of back-filling mining for the sustainable development of mining areas. 2This paper describes the conceptions of difficult-to-mine recourse, difficult-to-mine recourse reserves and its economic analysis, and also proposed the economic analysis model at both enterprise level and national level. Then, this model is applied to a certain coal mine in Ping Dingshan. 3The complementary theory between back-filling mining with loess plateau and coal mining is put forward, and the suitability for back-filling mining with loess plateau is analyzed. Furthermore, the feasibility of using fly ash, construction waste, silt and other to fill the goaf is explored. 4 The study defines the conception of filling density and obtains the distribution curve of filling density. It also perfects the filling effect yardstick and gives the fortification criterion for fully-mechanized back-filling mining based on filling density. 5 The key factors influencing sustainable development of mining areas is analyzed, Then, the suitable location selection model of feeding well is constructed using GIS spatial analysis and modified grey system model. Finally, This model is operated in a certain mining area. 6 The comprehensive uation model of suitable location for solid back-filling mining is established and a classification scheme for suitable location proposed. Furthermore, a classification system for suitable location based on GIS is developed and applied. The research shows that the sustainable development ability and coordination of mining areas is significantly improved. And this research results can provide technical support for the suitability uation, the grade classification and priority order of filling areas as well as gangue utilization, mining damage protection and mining scheme for “three-unders”. This paper has 82 figures, 33 tables and 234 references. Key words solid back-filling mining; fully-mechanized mining; suitability uation; sustainable development V Extended Abstract In 2008, Fully-mechanized solid back-filling mining achieved a breakthrough in back-filling mining theory. It effectively solved filling channel, filling space and filling power problems in solid back-filling mining, and has been successfully applied in coal mines. However, solid back-filling mining research mainly focuses on back-filling mechanism, overlying strata movement control and back-filling equipments, etc. Researches on economic suitability, location selection of feeding well, division of working face, back-filling material suitability and fortification criterion of back-filling mining are seldom involved in literature data. This article analyses and uates the suitability of fully-mechanized solid back-filling mining to perfect the theoretical system of solid back-filling mining. Main research contents are as follows 1 This article points out that solid back-filling mining is the only way for mining areas to achieve sustainable development based on the evolution model and compatible uating model of sustainable development of mining areas. According to the theoretical basis of sustainable development, this paper puts forward a conception and model of sustainable development of mining areas, analyses the evolution model of sustainable development of mining areas and establishes a speed curve and a process curve of sustainable development of mining areas. And on this basis, this paper further analyses the evolution model of every subsystems and efficacy function model of coordination inds in subsystems. Finally, it is obtained that using fully-mechanized solid back-filling mining can effectively eliminate waste discharge of mining areas and improve mining areas environment, finally accomplish the sustainable development of mining areas. 2 The difficult mining resource is proposed and an economic suitability model of fully-mechanized solid back-filling mining established. According to the actual situation of resource management and development level of fully-mechanized solid back-filling mining, the difficult mining resource is proposed in this paper. In combination with economic model of “three-unders” mining, economic model of fully-mechanized solid back-filling mining for the difficult mining resource is re-established. And economic boundary for the difficult mining resource is studied, which can provide theoretical basis for measuring economic suitability of VI solid back-filling mining. 3 A complementary model for solid back-filling mining in loess plateau mining areas is established and suitability for back-filling mining with loess demonstrated using GIS model, numerical simulation etc. With the successful application of fully-mechanized solid back-filling mining, more than twenty working faces in more than ten mining areas in China are planning or being adopting this technology to recover coal resource. To meet the demand for back-filling material, the paper studies the balance of back-filling material on the basis of analyzing the basic demand for back-filling material and possibility of back-filling mining with loess using GIS model, numerical simulation etc., then analyses complementarity between back-filling mining with loess and coal mining by GIS spatial overlay technology. The research shows that loess are qualified to be filled to the goaf as back-filling material; back-filling mining and comprehensive treatment of loess plateau can be well combined to contribute more economic and social benefit. 4 The conception of filling density is inherited and developed; the distribution curve of filling density is obtained. Hence, different protected objects, filling density and fortification criterion are established. Fully-mechanized solid back-filling mining aims at filling the goaf to recover difficult mining resource with small surface deation. On the basis of analyzing surface deation control theory, the curve of surface deation influenced by mining depth, mining height and filling ratio and other factors is fitted. Then, the theory and distribution curve of filling density are obtained based on the equivalent mining height theory, which can enriches the judgment standard for filling effect. Finally, different protected objects, filling density and fortification criterion are established. 5 The suitable location selection model of feeding well is constructed using GIS spatial analysis model and modified grey system model. Feeding well is the key transportation corridor which connects surface and underground. Scale mining depends on the size of the transportation capacity of feeding well. Reasonable feeding well location can not only decrease surface deation, transportation cost, also reduce roadway excavation amount, transportation route and the initial cost to a maximum extent. Taking WuGou coal mine, WanBei coal-electricity group, suitable location selection model of feeding well VII is constructed using GIS spatial analysis model and modified grey system model based on multivariate analysis of location selection of feeding well. 6 The comprehensive uation model of suitable location for solid back-filling mining is established, and division standard of suitable location is put forward. The occurrence condition of coal seams suitable for solid back-filling mining is studied. The comprehensive uation model of suitable location for solid back-filling mining is established and a classification scheme for suitable location proposed. Furthermore, a classification system for suitable location based on GIS is developed. Priority order for filling area is determined after uating Wugou coal mine based on the classification system above. The research results can provide technical support for the suitability uation, the grade classification and priority order of filling areas as well as gangue utilization, mining damage protection and mining scheme for “three-unders” mining. Keywords solid back-filling mining; fully-mechanized mining; suitability uation; sustainable development VIII 目目 录录 摘摘 要要 ........................................................................................................................... I 目目 录录 ..................................................................................................................... VIII 图清单图清单 .......................................................................................................................XII 表清单表清单 ....................................................................................................................XVII 变量注释表变量注释表 ..............................................................................................................XIX 1 绪绪 论论 .......................................................................................................................1 1.1 研究背景 .................................................................................................................1 1.2 国内外研究现状 ....................................................................................................7 1.3 研究意义 ...............................................................................................................11 1.4 研究主要内容 ......................................................................................................12 1.5 研究方法和技术路线 ..........................................................................................13 2 煤矿区充填开采与可持续发展煤矿区充填开采与可持续发展.............................................................................15 2.1 矿区生态环境相关概念 .......................................................................................15 2.2 矿区可持续发展理论 ..........................................................................................17 2.3 淮北矿区可持续发展评价 ..................................................................................26 2.4 本章小结 ...............................................................................................................38 3 难采资源及充填开采经济模型分析难采资源及充填开采经济模型分析......................................................................39 3.1 煤炭资源及难采资源 ..........................................................................................39 3.2 难采资源开采的经济性分析 ..............................................................................42 3.3 开采难采储量的经济分析 ..................................................................................45 3.4 实证分析 ..............................................................................................................48 3.5 本章小结 ..............................................................................................................52 4 难采资源固体充填材料适宜性选择难采资源固体充填材料适宜性选择.....................................................................53 4.1 煤矿充填材料的一般要求 .............................................................................