急倾斜薄煤层俯伪斜综采技术及设备稳定性研究.pdf

急倾斜薄煤层俯伪斜综采技术及 设备稳定性研究 重庆大学硕士学位论文 （专业学位） 学生姓名刘 勇 指导教师曹树刚 教授 兼职导师熊云威 高级工程师 学位类别工程硕士（矿业工程） 重庆大学资源及环境科学学院 二 O 一八年六月 万方数据 The Comprehensive Mechanized Mining Technology and Stability of The Equipment in Steeply Pseudo Inclined Thin Coal Seam A Thesis ted to Chongqing University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of Master of Engineering by Liu Yong Supervised by Prof. Shugang Cao Pluralistic Supervised by Sn.Engr Yunwei Xiong Specialty Mining Engineering College of Resources and Environmental Science Chongqing University, Chongqing, China. June, 2018 万方数据 重庆大学硕士学位论文 中文摘要 I 摘 要 本文以重庆能源投资集团松藻煤电有限公司逢春煤矿 S2611 工作面为工程背 景， 在搜集大量的文献资料及煤矿现场调研基础上， 针对急倾斜薄煤层开采条件， 综合考虑了工作面布置方式、巷道掘进支护，采煤、运煤、及支护方式，选择了 急倾斜俯伪斜综采回采工艺和工作面设备的防倒防滑技术措施。主要研究内容如 下 （1）基于逢春煤矿 S2611 特定地质条件，确定工作面为走向长壁俯伪斜布置 方式，长度为 83.36m，俯伪斜角度为 52；液压支架采用“异形”设计，最终确 定层面角为 73；采用煤巷快速炮掘施工工艺；利用两根 9或 11工字钢制作的 前探梁作为临时支护，11工字钢金属棚支架作为永久支护。 （2）急倾斜俯伪斜综采工作面的主要设备包括双滚筒采煤机、导向连接装置 （简称“导向系统” ）和自移式液压支架。通过对工作面布置特点分析，采用了双 滚筒采煤机落煤、双向割煤方式和端部斜切进刀，煤炭沿导向系统和煤壁自溜输 送；采用液压支架支护工作面顶板，全部垮落法管理采空区。 （3）通过对开采条件和设备运行条件的综合分析，确定了急倾斜薄煤层俯伪 斜工作面综合机械化回采工艺过程，即采煤机顺工作面割煤至下（上）出口后， 在工作面下（上）端部完成斜切进刀，再整体推移导向系统，最后由下往上顺序 移架。 （4）急倾斜俯伪斜工作面设备稳定性问题突出。通过现场调查、理论分析和 工业性试验研究，提出采煤机采用无链牵引的骑溜运行方式；利用防滑千斤顶防 止导向系统下滑；在工作面下端部设 6 架排头架，以提高工作面支架的整体稳定 性，并考虑自由、初撑和工作三种状态，探讨了煤层倾角、支架自重、工作阻力、 顶板压力、宽高比等因素对支架稳定性的影响，建议在后续支架的制造过程中， 适当增加支架的工作阻力，减小支架自重，增大支架的宽高比。 （5）基于 S2611 工作面设备稳定性分析，为防止设备下滑，采煤机配备了制 动防滑系统和安全牵引绞车；导向系统采用整体推移方式，并在推移过程中产生 一个倾斜向上的分力，减小或抵消导向系统下滑；优化了液压支架的拉架方式、 支架底座结构及设置位置、调架千斤顶与侧护板控制模式等结构、工艺措施。 （6）同逢春煤矿过去采用俯伪斜柔性掩护支架回采工艺比较，急倾斜俯伪斜 薄煤层综采工作面的工效提高了 9.1t/工，人力成本节约了 270 多万元；同时，产 生了增加煤炭资源采出率、改善工作面生产环境、提高生产安全性、促进企业技 术创新等方面的社会效益。 万方数据 重庆大学硕士学位论文 中文摘要 II 关键词关键词逢春煤矿；急倾斜煤层；俯伪斜布置；综合机械化开采；设备稳定 性；防倒防滑 万方数据 重庆大学硕士学位论文 英文摘要 III ABSTRACT This paper takes chongqing codium coal energy investment group co., LTD. Meet spring S2611 working face of coal mine as the engineering background, collecting a large number of literature data and based on field investigation of coal mine, in view of the conditions in the mining of deeply inclined thin coal seam, considering the working arrangement, supporting, coal mining and coal roadway drivage technology and move indiana way, determine the steep prone pseudo inclined fully mechanized mining technology, and based on this process, the stability of the corresponding equipment, face pour skid prevention technique of reasonable measures are put forward. The main research contents are as follows ①S2611 specific geological conditions of coal mine based on the spring, determine the for moves towards the longwall top pseudo inclined arrangement, length of 83.36 m, prone pseudo for 52 inclined Angle;Hydraulic support “alien“ design, and ultimately determine the plane Angle is 73 ;The construction technology of coal roadway rapid blasting is adopted.Two front feelers made of 9 or 11 i-steel are used as temporary support, while the metal bracket of 11 i-steel is used as permanent support. ② The main equipment of the working face of the steeply inclined inclined pseudo inclined fully mechanized mining consists of a double-drum coal mining machine, a guide connecting device “ guide system “for short and a self-shifting hydraulic support.Through the analysis of the working face layout characteristics, the coal is transported along the guide system and the coal wall by self-slipping.The roof of the working face is supported by hydraulic support. ③Through to the mining conditions and equipment operating conditions, a comprehensive analysis to determine the pseudo inclined fell steeply inclined thin coal seam face comprehensive mechanized mining process, the coal winning machine along the working face of coal cutting down on export, under the mining on the end to complete oblique cutting feed, and integral guiding system, finally move order from down to up. ④ The stability of the equipment in the face of steeply inclined crane is very serious.Through field investigation, theoretical analysis and industrial experimental study, the paper puts forward that the coal mining machine adopts the riding mode without chain traction.Use anti-skid jack to prevent the guide system from sliding;In 万方数据 重庆大学硕士学位论文 英文摘要 IV working face bottom department set up six market, in order to improve the overall stability of the working face support, and considering initial freedom, supporting and working three states, discusses the coal seam dip Angle, support dead weight, working resistance and roof pressure, aspect ratio and other factors on the effect on the stability of the support, advice in the subsequent stents manufacturing process, appropriately increase the working resistance of support, reduce frame weight, increasing the ratio of high to width of stents. ⑤ Based on the stability analysis of S2611 working face equipment, in order to prevent the equipment from slipping down, the coal mining machine is equipped with braking anti-skid system and safe towing winch.The guide system adopts the overall moving mode, and produces an inclined upward force in the process of moving, which reduces or offsets the sliding of the guide system.The structure and technological measures of the hydraulic support are optimized, such as the drawing mode, the structure and setting position of the support base, the control mode of the jack and the side guard. ⑥Compared with the previous mining technology of the fuchun coal mine, the working efficiency of the fully mechanized mining face of the steep inclined and thin coal seam increased by 9.1t/ work, and the labor cost saved by more than 2.7 million yuan.At the same time, there are social benefits such as increasing the rate of coal resource extraction, improving the working environment, improving production safety and promoting technological innovation of enterprises. Keywords spring coal mine; Steep coal seam; oblique oblique layout; comprehensive mechanized mining; equipment stability; fall prevention antiskid 万方数据 重庆大学硕士学位论文 目 录 V 目 录 中文摘要中文摘要 .......................................................................................................................................... I 英文摘要英文摘要 ....................................................................................................................................... III 1 绪论绪论 .............................................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 研究背景与意义研究背景与意义 ....................................................................................................................... 1 1.1.1 研究背景 .................................................................................................................................. 1 1.1.2 研究意义 .................................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 国内外急倾斜煤层开采现状国内外急倾斜煤层开采现状 ................................................................................................... 2 1.2.1 国外急倾斜煤层开采现状 ............................................................................................... 2 1.2.2 国内急倾斜煤层开采现状 ............................................................................................... 3 1.3 急倾斜薄煤层开采存在问题急倾斜薄煤层开采存在问题 ................................................................................................... 4 1.4 研究内容和技术路线研究内容和技术路线 ............................................................................................................... 5 1.4.1 研究目的 ........................................................................................................................... 5 1.4.2 研究内容 ........................................................................................................................... 5 1.4.3 技术路线 ........................................................................................................................... 6 2 急倾斜薄煤层俯伪斜综采技术研究急倾斜薄煤层俯伪斜综采技术研究 ......................................................................... 7 2.1 采煤工作面布置采煤工作面布置 ....................................................................................................................... 7 2.1.1 确定采煤方法 ................................................................................................................... 7 2.1.2 工作面基本布置参数选择 ............................................................................................... 8 2.2 巷道掘进支护巷道掘进支护 ......................................................................................................................... 11 2.2.1 回采巷道掘进支护 ......................................................................................................... 11 2.2.2 开切眼掘进支护 ............................................................................................................. 12 2.3 综合机械化回采工艺研究综合机械化回采工艺研究 ..................................................................................................... 13 2.3.1 采煤工艺 ......................................................................................................................... 13 2.3.2 运煤工艺 ......................................................................................................................... 13 2.3.3 工作面支护与顶底板管理 ............................................................................................. 13 2.3.4 推溜拉架方式 ................................................................................................................. 15 2.4 工作面回采工艺过程工作面回采工艺过程 ............................................................................................................. 15 2.5 小结小结 ......................................................................................................................................... 16 3 急倾斜薄煤层俯伪斜综采设备稳定性分析急倾斜薄煤层俯伪斜综采设备稳定性分析 ....................................................... 19 3.1 采煤机稳定性分析采煤机稳定性分析 ................................................................................................................. 19 3.2 导向系统稳定性分析导向系统稳定性分析 ............................................................................................................. 21 万方数据 重庆大学硕士学位论文 目 录 VI 3.2.1 导向系统静态稳定性分析 ............................................................................................. 21 3.2.2 导向系统动态稳定性分析 ............................................................................................. 22 3.3 液压支架稳定性分析液压支架稳定性分析 ............................................................................................................. 24 3.3.1 自由状态 ......................................................................................................................... 26 3.3.2 初撑状态 ......................................................................................................................... 28 3.3.3 工作状态 ......................................................................................................................... 31 3.4 小结小结 ......................................................................................................................................... 33 4 急倾斜俯伪斜综采设备防倒防滑技术研究急倾斜俯伪斜综采设备防倒防滑技术研究 ....................................................... 35 4.1 工作面采煤机防倒防滑技术措施工作面采煤机防倒防滑技术措施 ......................................................................................... 35 4.1.1 制动器防滑系统 ............................................................................................................. 35 4.1.2 安全牵引绞车辅助防滑系统 ......................................................................................... 35 4.2 工作面导向系统防滑技术措施工作面导向系统防滑技术措施 ............................................................................................. 36 4.3 工作面液压支架防倒防滑技术措施工作面液压支架防倒防滑技术措施 ..................................................................................... 39 4.3.1 优化拉架方式 ................................................................................................................. 39 4.3.2 优化支架底调梁结构和设置位置 ................................................................................. 40 4.3.3 优化调架千斤顶控制模式 ............................................................................................. 41 4.3.4 优化侧护板结构和控制模式 ......................................................................................... 41 4.3.5 设置支架防倒滑装置 ..................................................................................................... 43 4.4 小结小结 ......................................................................................................................................... 44 5 现场应用现场应用 ................................................................................................................................. 45 5.1 经济效益分析经济效益分析 ......................................................................................................................... 45 5.2 社会效益分析社会效益分析 ......................................................................................................................... 46 6 结论与展望结论与展望 ............................................................................................................................ 48 6.1 结论结论 ......................................................................................................................................... 48 6.2 展望展望 ......................................................................................................................................... 49 致致 谢谢 ....................................................................................................................................... 50 参考文献参考文献 ....................................................................................................................................... 51 附附 录录 ....................................................................................................................................... 56 A．作者在攻读学位期间发表的论文目录．作者在攻读学位期间发表的论文目录 ................................................................................. 56 B．作者在攻读学位期间参加的科研项目．作者在攻读学位期间参加的科研项目 ................................................................................. 56 万方数据 重庆大学硕士学位论文 1 绪 论 1 1 绪论 1.1 研究背景与意义 1.1.1 研究背景 急倾斜赋存条件的开采煤层一直都是目前行业所关注的焦点[13]。据估计，我 国急倾斜煤层的储量较为丰富，特别是西南、东北地区[45]。例如，四川许多煤矿 倾角大于 35 ，且该类煤层资源量占 45以上[6]；贵州省约占全省储量的 16[7-9]； 黑龙江急倾斜煤层资源储量 3 亿多吨，占全省煤炭总量的 3.6，急倾斜煤层的开 采有 169 个矿井， 占全省生产矿井的 15％[10]； 淮河矿区急倾斜煤层储量 9 亿多吨。 从空间分布来看，急倾斜煤层开采的矿井数量呈现为南多北少特点，南部矿区大 部分属于急倾斜煤层[11]。 然而，由于急倾斜薄煤层的机械化开采困难，在这些矿山中，急倾斜薄煤层 的开采通常采用爆破开采或者是弃采，导致大量资源浪费，或生产效率低下，安 全事故频发[12]。因此，在急倾斜薄煤层条件下，如何安全有效地开采煤炭资源是 煤炭行业亟待解决的问题之一。 1.1.2 研究意义 由急倾斜薄煤层资源赋存状况分析中可以看出，急倾斜薄煤层在我国赋存广 泛但无法高效开采，需改变现有的采煤方法，尽快实现综合机械化开采，其迫切 性主要体现在以下三方面 ① 传统的急倾斜薄煤层开采方法严重制约了煤炭企业的发展[13-18]。采用传统 的非机械化采煤方法开采急倾斜薄煤层，劳动强度大，安全性差，生产效率低， 资源回收率低，经济效益差，造成大量资源浪费。 ② 倾斜薄煤层及急倾斜中厚煤层的综合机械化开采技术已经相对成熟，开发 了高性能的液压支架、高功率矮机身采煤机、工作面电液自动化控制、刮板导向 系统和液压支架防倒防滑设计等关键技术[19-21]，为急倾