基于泥岩-地聚合物的露天矿隔水层重构机理及应用研究.pdf
博士学位论文 基于泥岩-地聚合物的露天矿隔水层重构 机理及应用研究 Research on Reconstruction Mechanism and Application of Aquiclude in Open-pit Mine Based on Mudstone-Geopolymer 作 者时旭阳 导 师才庆祥 教授 中国矿业大学 二○一九年五月 万方数据 学位论文使用授权声明学位论文使用授权声明 本人完全了解中国矿业大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定,同意本人所撰 写的学位论文的使用授权按照学校的管理规定处理 作为申请学位的条件之一, 学位论文著作权拥有者须授权所在学校拥有学位 论文的部分使用权,即①学校档案馆和图书馆有权保留学位论文的纸质版和电 子版,可以使用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编学位论文;②为教学和 科研目的,学校档案馆和图书馆可以将公开的学位论文作为资料在档案馆、图书 馆等场所或在校园网上供校内师生阅读、浏览。另外,根据有关法规,同意中国 国家图书馆保存研究生学位论文。 (保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权书) 。 作者签名 导师签名 年 月 日 年 月 日 万方数据 中图分类号 TD824 学校代码 10290 UDC 622 密 级 公开 中国矿业大学 博士学位论文 基于泥岩-地聚合物的露天矿隔水层重构 机理及应用研究 Research on Reconstruction Mechanism and Application of Aquiclude in Open-pit Mine Based on Mudstone-Geopolymer 作 者 时旭阳 导 师 才庆祥 申请学位 工学博士 培养单位 矿业工程学院 学科专业 采矿工程 研究方向 露天开采 答辩委员会主席 蒋金泉 评 阅 人 二○一九年五月 万方数据 致致 谢谢 在论文的研究和写作过程中, 自始至终都得到了导师才庆祥教授的悉心指导 和亲切关怀。从论文的选题、研究思路、理论分析直到论文的成稿,无不浸透着 导师的心血。导师渊博的知识、严谨求实的治学态度、谦虚谨慎的高贵品质以及 忘我的专业奉献精神和对科学的执著追求深深的感染了我,值此论文完成之际, 特向导师才庆祥教授、周伟教授表示衷心的感谢和崇高的敬意 作者在完成论文期间, 得到了中国矿业大学露天开采研究所各位老师的热情 帮助和大力支持,在此向尚涛教授、舒继森教授、姬长生教授、车兆学教授、周 伟教授、彭洪阁副教授、陈树召讲师、丁小华讲师、韩流讲师表示衷心的感谢 向中国矿业大学力学研究所茅献彪教授、刘卫群教授、张凯教授、杨静副教 授、吴宇副教授、陈彦龙副教授、李明助理研究员表示由衷的感谢。 向中南大学马丹副教授、河南理工大学张勃阳讲师表示衷心的感谢。 感谢中国矿业大学露天开采与边坡工程研究所常治国博士、汤万钧博士、陆 翔博士、杨猛硕士、孟鑫硕士、栾博钰硕士、刘智超硕士、王志明硕士、张易容 硕士、赵新佳硕士、敖忠晨硕士、许砚硕士、李胤达硕士等的帮助。 向中国矿业大学力学研究所马超博士、陈梁博士、陶静博士、侯荣彬博士、 崔灿博士、胡善超硕士、安超硕士、吴鹏硕士、李焘硕士给予的支持表示感谢。 在博士研究生学习期间, 中国矿业大学矿业工程学院和研究生院的有关领导、 老师给予了我无微不至的关怀和指导,在此一并致以诚挚的谢意 感谢在参考文献中列出的以及没有列出的所有给予我启发的研究成果的作 者 在攻读博士学位和工作期间,得到了家人的理解、支持和鼓励,在此致以深 深的谢意 感谢在百忙中抽出时间悉心评阅本论文和参与答辩的各位专家 时旭阳 2019 年 5 月 10 日 万方数据 I 摘摘 要要 露天矿水资源保护与恢复是煤炭露天开采面临的重大环境问题,是制约露 天煤矿大规模发展的重要因素。露天矿水资源难以恢复的根本原因在于,第 一,煤层以上隔水层被爆破剥离,隔水层缺失;第二,内排土场物料松散,渗 透系数大,达不到隔水、阻水的效果。为从根本上解决露天矿区浅表层地下水 恢复问题,作者及研究团队提出以泥岩-地聚合物材料,构建露天矿内排土场重 构隔水层。本文研究内容包含以下五个方面① 分析确定重构隔水层应具备的 空间位置与结构特征,对应本文第二章;② 构建过程中重构隔水层所载荷以及 简化计算力学模型,对应本文第二章;③ 泥岩地聚合物的构建方法与构建原 理,对应本文第三章;④ 改变材料配比条件下,泥岩-地聚合物材料的基本力 学参数变化规律,以及材料微观破坏特征,对应本文第四、五章;⑤ 不同损伤 条件下泥岩-地聚合物材料的渗透特性参数变化规律,对应本文第六章。通过研 究,取得了如下创新性研究成果 (1)分析了露天矿内排土场重构隔水层空间位置特征、材料特征以及受力 特征,在此基础上对构建过程中的重构隔水层进行受力简化,建立均匀沉降与 非均匀沉降条件下的力学计算模型。 (2)根据重构隔水层材料特征,引入了地聚合物缩聚反应原理,构建了泥 岩-地聚合物材料, 以此作为重构隔水层材料。 对 25 种不同配比泥岩-地聚合物材 料开展了力学实验,分析了材料配比对关键力学参数(峰值强度、峰值应变、应 变能、抗拉强度等)的影响规律。 (3)对泥岩-地聚合物材料,开展了单轴加载固定损伤条件下的渗透特性实 验,得到了不同单轴加载损伤程度情况下材料渗透率参数。对损伤变量与渗透率 进行拟合,确定了指数参数 n6 时的损伤-渗透方程为最佳拟合结果。 (4)以现场工程案例为实例,分析了防渗墙在工程应用的作用与效果,阐 述了构建水平重构隔水层的必要性,确定了以构建水平重构隔水层为主、防渗墙 为辅的露天矿保水原则。 该论文有图 78 幅,表 24 个,参考文献 137 篇。 关键词关键词露天煤矿;内排土场;重构隔水层;泥岩-地聚合物;力学参数 万方数据 II Abstract Water resources protection and restoration are important environmental factors that restrict the large-scale development of open pit mines. There are two fundamental reasons why the open-pit mine water resources are difficult to recover. First, the blasting and stripping process destroyed the water-blocking layer. Second, the permeability of loose materials in the inner dump can not block water. In order to fundamentally restore the shallow groundwater in the open pit area, a mudstone-geopolymer material is proposed to construct a reconstructed water-blocking layer. The research includes the following five aspects ① Analyze the spatial position and structural characteristics of the reconstructed water-blocking layer in Chapter 2; ② water-blocking layer load distribution and simplified computational mechanics model in Chapter 2; ③ The construction and principle of mudstone polymer in Chapter 3; ④ The basic mechanical parameters of mudstone-geopolymer materials with different material ratios, and the microscopic failure characteristics in Chapters 4 and 5;⑤ The permeability of mudstone-geopolymer materials under different damage conditions in Chapter 6. Through research, the following innovative research results have been achieved. 1 Analyzed the spatial position, material and force of the reconstructed water- blocking layer. Based on the simplification of the force, a mechanical calculation model of uni settlement and non-uni settlement is established. 2 According to the material of the reconstituted aquifer, a mudstone-geopolymer material was constructed based on the principle of polycondensation of the geopolymer, which was used as the material for reconstructed water-blocking layer. Mechanical experiments were carried out on 25 different proportions of mudstone-geopolymer materials. The influence of material ratio on key mechanical parameters peak strength, peak strain, strain energy, tensile strength, etc. was analyzed. 3 The permeability of mudstone-geopolymer materials under uniaxial loading and fixed damage conditions were carried out, and the permeability of materials under different uniaxial loading damage degree were obtained. The damage variable and permeability were fitted, and the damage-permeability equation with the index parameter n6 was determined as the best fitting result. 4 Taking the field engineering case as an example, the paper analyzes the function and effect of the anti-seepage wall in engineering application, and expounds 万方数据 III the necessity of constructing the horizontal reconstructed water-blocking layer. The principle of water retention in open pit mines based on the econstructed water-blocking layer and supplemented by anti-seepage walls was determined. The paper has 78 pictures, 24 tables, and 137 references. Keywords open pit coal mine; inner dump; reconstructed water-blocking layer; mudstone-geopolymer; mechanical parameters 万方数据 IV 目录目录 摘摘 要要............................................................................................................................ I 目目 录录......................................................................................................................... IV 图清单图清单......................................................................................................................... VI 表清单表清单......................................................................................................................... XI 变量注释表变量注释表 ............................................................................................................. XIII 1 绪论绪论............................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 研究背景与意义 ..................................................................................................... 1 1.2 国内外研究现状 ..................................................................................................... 4 1.3 研究内容 ............................................................................................................... 12 1.4 研究方法与技术路线 ........................................................................................... 12 2 露天煤矿内排土场重构隔水层特征露天煤矿内排土场重构隔水层特征 ..................................................................... 14 2.1 重构隔水层空间位置与结构特征 ....................................................................... 14 2.2 重构隔水层受力特征 ........................................................................................... 19 2.3 重构隔水层力学模型 ........................................................................................... 24 2.4 材料强度要求 ....................................................................................................... 31 2.5 本章小结 ............................................................................................................... 31 3 泥岩地泥岩地聚合物聚合物重塑体的构建重塑体的构建 ................................................................................. 33 3.1 地聚合物发展历程 ............................................................................................... 33 3.2 破碎泥岩地聚合物重塑原理 ............................................................................... 34 3.3 重塑体原材料 ....................................................................................................... 36 3.4 泥岩地聚合物构建过程 ....................................................................................... 46 3.5 破碎泥岩地聚合物重塑体结构特征 ................................................................... 47 3.6 本章小结 ............................................................................................................... 48 4 重塑体强度与破坏规律试验研究重塑体强度与破坏规律试验研究 ......................................................................... 49 4.1 试验设备及方案 ................................................................................................... 49 4.2 重塑体物理力学特性随配比的变化规律 ........................................................... 54 4.3 能量随配比的变化规律 ....................................................................................... 61 4.4 单轴压缩下重塑体的破坏形态分析 ................................................................... 67 4.5 重塑体拉伸性能随配比变化规律 ....................................................................... 69 4.6 本章小结 ............................................................................................................... 72 万方数据 V 5 重塑体破坏面微细观形貌特征重塑体破坏面微细观形貌特征 ............................................................................. 74 5.1 试验设备及方案 ................................................................................................... 74 5.2 激发剂掺量对重塑体单轴压缩破坏面微细观形貌影响 ................................... 75 5.3 泥岩粉含量对重塑体单轴压缩破坏面的微细观形貌的影响 ........................... 79 5.4 激发剂掺量对重塑体劈裂破坏面微细观形貌影响 ........................................... 83 5.5 泥岩粉含量对重塑体劈裂破坏面微细观形貌影响 ........................................... 86 5.6 本章小结 ............................................................................................................... 89 6 泥岩地聚合物重塑体损伤渗透特性试验研究泥岩地聚合物重塑体损伤渗透特性试验研究 ..................................................... 91 6.1 损伤与渗流基本原理 ........................................................................................... 91 6.2 试验设备与试验方案 ........................................................................................... 96 6.3 损伤渗透试验结果分析 ....................................................................................... 99 6.4 本章小结 ............................................................................................................. 101 7 相似工程案例与评价相似工程案例与评价 ........................................................................................... 102 7.1 工程背景 ............................................................................................................. 102 7.2 涌水治理与效果 ................................................................................................. 103 7.3 工程评价 ............................................................................................................. 107 7.4 小结 ..................................................................................................................... 108 8 结论与展望结论与展望 ........................................................................................................... 109 8.1 主要结论 ............................................................................................................. 109 8.2 创新点 ................................................................................................................. 110 8.3 研究展望 ............................................................................................................. 111 参考文献参考文献 ................................................................................................................... 112 作者简历作者简历 ................................................................................................................... 120 学位论文学位论文原创原创性声明性声明 ............................................................................................... 122 学位论文学位论文数据数据集集 ....................................................................................................... 123 万方数据 VI CONTENTS Abstract ......................................................................................................................... I Contents ..................................................................................................................... VI List of Figures ......................................................................................................... VIII List of Tables ............................................................................................................XIV List of Variables ........................................................................................................ XV 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Research Background and Significance ................................................................... 1 1.2 Research Status at Home and Abroad ...................................................................... 4 1.3 Research Content ................................................................................................... 11 1.4 Research s and Technical Routes ............................................................... 12 2 Characteristics of Reconstructed Water-blocking Layer in Inner Dump in pen Pit Coal Mine .......................................................................................................... 14 2.1 Spatial Position and Structural Characteristics of Reconstructed Water-blocking Layer ...................................................................................................................... 14 2.2 Bearing Characteristics of Reconstructed Water-blocking Layer .......................... 19 2.3 Mechanical Model of Reconstructed Water-blocking Layer ................................. 24 2.4 Material Strength Requirements ............................................................................ 31 2.5 Chapter Summary .................................................................................................. 31 3 Construction of Mudstone-geopolymer ................................................................ 33 3.1 Development History of Geopolymer .................................................................... 33 3.2 Principle of Mudstone-geopolymer ....................................................................... 34 3.3 Raw Materials of Mudstone-geopolymer .............................................................. 36 3.4 Mudstone-geopolymer Construction Process ........................................................ 46 3.5 Structural Characteristics of Mudstone-geopolymer ............................................. 47 3.6 Chapter Summary .................................................................................................. 48 4 Experimental Study on the Strength and Failure Law of Remolded Body ....... 49 4.1 Test Equipment and Solutions ................................................................................ 49 4.2 T