沟谷区域浅埋特厚煤层开采覆岩破断失稳规律及控制研究.pdf

博士学位论文 沟谷区域浅埋特厚煤层开采覆岩破断失稳 规律及控制研究 Overburden Fracture Characteristics and Roof Control of Shallow and Special Thick Seam Mining in Gully Region 作 者赵 杰 导 师刘长友教授 中国矿业大学 二○一八年十月 国家自然科学基金资助项目51574220 江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目SZBF2011-6-B35 中国矿业大学重大项目培育专项基金资助项目2014ZDPY21 万方数据 学位论文使用授权声明学位论文使用授权声明 本人完全了解中国矿业大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，同意本人所撰 写的学位论文的使用授权按照学校的管理规定处理 作为申请学位的条件之一，学位论文著作权拥有者须授权所在学校拥有学位 论文的部分使用权，即①学校档案馆和图书馆有权保留学位论文的纸质版和电 子版，可以使用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编学位论文；②为教学和 科研目的，学校档案馆和图书馆可以将公开的学位论文作为资料在档案馆、图书 馆等场所或在校园网上供校内师生阅读、浏览。另外，根据有关法规，同意中国 国家图书馆保存研究生学位论文。 保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权书。 作者签名 导师签名 年 月 日 年 月 日 万方数据 中图分类号 TD8 学校代码 10290 UDC 622 密 级 公开 中国矿业大学 博士学位论文 沟谷区域浅埋特厚煤层开采覆岩破断失稳 规律及控制研究 Overburden Fracture Characteristics and Roof Control of Shallow and Special Thick Seam Mining in Gully Region 作 者 赵 杰 导 师 刘长友 教授 申请学位 工学博士 培养单位 矿业工程学院 学科专业 采矿工程 研究方向 岩体力学与岩层控制 答辩委员会主席 屠世浩 评 阅 人 盲审五份 二○一八年十月 万方数据 致谢致谢 本论文是在刘长友教授的悉心指导下完成的， 在即将毕业之际， 衷心感谢刘老 师对论文自始至终的指导和对学生的亲切关怀，感谢刘老师为我提供的良好的科 研环境和生活中热心的帮助。攻读博士期间，学生深刻感受到刘老师一丝不苟的 治学作风和严谨的治学态度。同时，刘老师忘我的工作精神、对事业孜孜不倦的 追求，使我懂得一名学者应有的奉献精神，刘老师渊博的学识和高尚的品德是我 人生学习的榜样和追求的目标。 感谢矿业工程学院、 煤炭资源与安全开采国家重点实验室领导和老师们几年来 在学习和生活上给予的关心、鼓励和帮助 在论文的编写过程中， 得到了课题组李建伟博士及其他师兄弟的热情指导和帮 助，在此向他们表示衷心的感谢感谢师兄弟们给予了很多有益的建议与帮助 在论文的完成过程中， 得到了开滦集团公司、 准格尔旗云飞矿业有限责任公司 以及串草圪旦煤矿的领导和工程技术人员的大力支持，在此表示衷心的感谢。 感谢家人对我学业的支持和生活中无私的奉献和鼓励 同时，向论文中所引用文献的各位作者致谢 限于水平，论文中难免有不当和不足之处，恳请各位专家、教授给予指正。最 后衷心感谢各位专家、教授在百忙之中评阅本文。 赵 杰 2018年10月 万方数据 I 摘摘 要要 针对串草圪旦煤矿典型的沟谷区域浅埋特厚煤层综放工作面开采的实际，采 用理论分析、数值计算与现场实测相结合的研究方法，深入研究了沟谷区域浅埋 特厚煤层开采地质赋存条件及矿压显现特征、沟谷区域浅埋特厚煤层开采覆岩应 力场分布特征、沟谷区域浅埋特厚煤层开采覆岩破断失稳特征及动压发生机理以 及沟谷区域浅埋特厚煤层开采工作面顶板控制等关键理论和技术问题。研究结果 揭示了沟谷地形下浅埋特煤层工作面发生动载矿压的机理，为降低动载矿压造成 的危害，合理有效支护工作面顶板奠定了理论基础。对类似地质地貌条件的浅埋 特厚煤层工作面的安全生产具有重要的借鉴和指导意义。 根据串草圪旦煤矿沟谷区域浅埋特厚煤层覆岩赋存特征、地表地形特征以及 生产技术条件，按工作面推进方向与地表沟谷分布形态的相对关系进行了分类， 分析了不同类型沟谷分布形态条件下工作面矿压显现特征以及液压支架承载特 征，对易出现动载矿压的情况进行了分类统计分析。 采用三维地质建模、数值计算相结合的研究方法，分别研究了串草圪旦煤矿 不同赋存条件下浅埋厚煤层工作面沟谷区域开采覆岩应力动态分布特征及塑性破 坏区动态分布规律，地表位移与沉陷动态变化及其影响范围，以及覆岩移动变形 及覆岩下沉范围等。 基于串草圪旦煤矿沟谷区域浅埋煤层开采的地质条件，采用数值模拟方法， 研究了沟谷地形对浅埋煤层开采覆岩应力场分布及矿压显现的影响规律。将沟谷 地形对覆岩应力场的影响程度划分为显著影响区、影响减弱区和无影响区；串草 圪旦煤矿 6106 工作面沟底处的煤层埋深 h80m，处于沟谷地形显著影响区内，煤 层开采引起沟谷坡体向坡脚方向的滑移运动，造成顶板岩层载荷增加，动载明显。 采用理论分析，研究了沟谷地形影响下工作面覆岩承载特征、破断步距及其 影响因素，研究了浅埋特厚煤层过沟谷区域开采覆岩活动规律及破断结构特征。 对沟谷区域浅埋特厚煤层开采覆岩结构特征、支架-围岩关系以及沟谷区域浅埋特 厚煤层工作面动载矿压产生机理进行了分析，确定了工作面合理支护阻力以及浅 埋特厚煤层工作面过沟谷区域开采顶板控制技术。并结合现场试验工作面的矿压 显现特征对顶板支护效果进行了分析评价。 对沟谷区域浅埋特厚煤层开采采动支承压力的分布进行了研究，分析了该条 件下区段煤柱的受力特征及其稳定性，提出了工作面合理区段煤柱宽度范围，为 保证工作面的安全生产以及提高煤炭资源回收率提供了依据。 该论文有图 133 幅，表 15 个，参考文献 136 篇。 关键词关键词沟谷区域；浅埋特厚煤层；应力分布；覆岩破断失稳；矿压显现特征； 顶板控制 万方数据 II Abstract Based on typical production technology condition of full-mechanized caving mining face of shallow and special thick seam in gully region in Chuancao Gedan Coal Mine, theoretical analysis, numerical calculation and field measurement were adopted to study geology occurrence conditions and mining pressure characteristics of shallow and special thick seam mining in gully region. As well as other key theoretical and technical problems, such as strata stress field distribution, strata rupture and instability, mechanism of dynamic load pressure, and roof control technology of shallow and special thick seam mining in gully region. The results of the study reveal the mechanism of dynamic load bearing pressure of shallow coal seam mining in gully region, which could reduce the damage caused by dynamic load pressure and lay the theoretical foundation for reasonable and effective roof supporting. It has an important reference and guiding significance to safety mining in the similar geological condition of shallow and special thick seam mining face. According to geological occurrence characteristics, surface topography and production technology conditions of shallow and special thick seam in gully region in Chuancao Gedan Coal Mine, The relative relationship between the direction of the face and the distribution of the surface gully is classified. The characteristics of the strata behavior of the working face and the bearing characteristics of the hydraulic support are analyzed, and the statistical analysis is made on the situation of the dynamic load. Based on the combination of three-dimensional geological modeling and numerical calculation, the dynamic distribution characteristics of overburden stress and the dynamic distribution of plastic failure zone in the gully area of shallow coal seam were studied respectively under different occurrence conditions. The dynamic change of surface displacement and subsidence and its influence range, as well as the overburden movement and overlying rock subsidence range were also analyzed. Numerical simulations was used to study rock stress field distribution and of shallow and special thick seam mining in gully region based on the conditions of gully terrain in the Chuancao Gedan Mine. The effect of gully terrain on the stress field of overlying strata of the entire field can be characterized as a significantly affected area, moderately affected area, or non-affected area. Workface 6106 in the Chuancao Gedan Mine had a coal bed depth 80m and was located in what was identified as a significantly affected area. Hence, mining may cause sliding of gully slop and increased loading including significant dynamic loading on the roof strata. 万方数据 III Based on the theoretical analysis, the bearing characteristics, fracture step and influencing factors of the overlying strata were studied. The movement law of overlying strata and the breaking structure of overburden of shallow and special thick seam mining in gully region were studied. Structural characteristics of the overburden, support - surrounding rock relationship, and the mechanism of the dynamic strata pressure of shallow and special thick seam mining in gully region were studied. Reasonable supporting resistance and roof control technology of shallow and special thick seam mining in gully region wree determined. The effect of roof support is analyzed and uated according to the characteristics of mine pressure in the field test of mining face 6104. The abutment pressure distribution in the shallow coal seam of the gully area was studied. The stress distribution and stability of the coal pillar under this condition were analyzed, and the reasonable width of the coal pillar was proposed to ensure the safe production of mining face and improve the recovery rate of coal resources. Dissertation includes one hundred and thirty-three figures, fifteen tables and one hundred and thirty-six refers. Keywords gully region; shallow and special thick seam; stress field distribution; strata rupture and instability; characteristics of strata behavior; roof control 万方数据 IV 目目 录录 摘摘 要要 I 目目 录录 IV 图清单图清单 VIII 表清单表清单 XVII 变量注释表变量注释表 XVIII 1 绪论绪论 1 1.1 研究背景与意义 1 1.2 文献综述 2 1.3 研究内容与技术路线 7 2 沟谷区域浅埋特厚煤层开采地质赋存条件及矿压显现特征沟谷区域浅埋特厚煤层开采地质赋存条件及矿压显现特征 10 2.1 浅埋特厚煤层开采的地质赋存特征及生产技术条件 10 2.2 工作面推进方向上沟谷形态分布特征 14 2.3 沟谷区域浅埋特厚煤层开采矿压显现特征 17 2.4 沟谷区域浅埋特厚煤层开采动压易发生区域划分 24 2.5 本章小结 25 3 浅埋厚煤层开采三维地浅埋厚煤层开采三维地质建模及覆岩移动变形特征质建模及覆岩移动变形特征 27 3.1 浅埋厚煤层开采工程地质条件及三维地质建模 27 3.2 4104工作面开采覆岩破断动态变化规律及对地表沉陷的影响 34 3.3 6106工作面开采覆岩破断动态变化规律及对地表沉陷的影响 39 3.4 6104工作面开采覆岩破断动态变化规律及对地表沉陷的影响 43 3.5 本章小结 46 4 沟谷区域浅埋特厚煤层开采覆岩应力场分布规律沟谷区域浅埋特厚煤层开采覆岩应力场分布规律 47 4.1 沟谷区域浅埋煤层煤岩原岩应力场分布特征 47 4.2 工作面推进方向对覆岩应力场分布的影响 59 4.3 煤层采高对沟谷区域覆岩应力场分布的影响 66 4.4 本章小结 70 5 浅埋特厚煤层工作面过沟谷区域开采顶板结构浅埋特厚煤层工作面过沟谷区域开采顶板结构及及支架围岩关系支架围岩关系 71 5.1 非均布载荷作用下悬臂梁结构力学模型及分析 71 5.2 浅埋特厚煤层过沟谷区域上坡段开采顶板破断步距 74 5.3 沟谷区域浅埋特厚煤层开采支架-围岩关系及动压产生机理 79 5.4 沟谷区域浅埋特厚煤层工作面支护阻力确定 84 万方数据 V 5.5 沟谷区域浅埋特厚煤层开采矿压显现规律及顶板控制效果 87 5.6 本章小结 95 6 沟谷区域浅埋特厚煤层开采采动支承压力分布及区段煤柱合理沟谷区域浅埋特厚煤层开采采动支承压力分布及区段煤柱合理确定确定 96 6.1 浅埋特厚煤层综放开采采动支承压力及区段煤柱应力分布 96 6.2 实测工作面开采支承压力分布及回采巷道变形特征 100 6.3 浅埋特厚煤层综放开采区段煤柱合理宽度确定 106 6.4 本章小结 109 7 主要结论及展望主要结论及展望 110 7.1 主要结论 110 7.2 创新点 111 7.3 论文展望 111 参考文献参考文献 112 作者简历作者简历 120 学位论文原创性声明学位论文原创性声明 121 学位论文数据集学位论文数据集 122 万方数据 VI Contents Abstract I Contents VI List of Figures VIII List of Tables XVII List of Variables XVIII 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Reseach Background and Significance 1 1.2 Literature Review 2 1.3 Main Research Contents and Technical Route 7 2 Geological Occurrence Conditions and Strata Behaviors of Shallow and Special Thick Seam Mining in Gully Region 10 2.1 Geological Occurrence Characteristics and Production Technology Conditions of Shallow and Special Thick Seam Mining 10 2.2 Characteristics of Gully Distribution in Working Face Mining Direction 14 2.3 Strata Behaviors of Shallow and Special Thick Seam Mining in Gully Region 17 2.4 Dynamic Pressure Prone Regional Division of Shallow and Special Thick Seam Mining in Gully Region 24 2.5 Chapter Summary 25 3 3D Geological Modeling and Movement and Deation of Overburden in Shallow Thick Seam Mining 27 3.1 Engineering Geological Conditions and 3D Geological Modeling of Shallow Thick Seam Mining 27 3.2 Dynamic Changes of Strata Breakage and Surface Subsidence in Mining Face 4104 34 3.3 Dynamic Changes of Strata Breakage and Surface Subsidence in Mining Face 6106 39 3.4 Dynamic Changes of Strata Breakage and Surface Subsidence in Mining Face 6104 43 3.5 Chapter Summary 46 4 Distribution of Rock Stress Field of Shallow and Special Thick Seam Mining in Gully Region 47 4.1 Distribution Characteristics of Rock Stress Field of Shallow and Special Thick Seam 万方数据 VII Mining in Gully Region 47 4.2 Influence of Working Face Advancing Direction on Overburden Stress Field Distribution 59 4.3 Influence of Coal Mining Height on Overburden Stress Field Distribution 66 4.4 Chapter Summary 70 5 Roof Structure and Support-surrounding Relationship of Shallow and Special Thick Seam Mining in Gully Region 71 5.1 Mechanical Model Analysis of Cantilever Beam under Non-uni Load 71 5.2 Roof Breaking Step at Uphill mining stage of Shallow and Special Thick Seam Mining in Gully Region 74 5.3 Relationship Between Support and Surrounding Rock and Mechanism of Dynamic Pressure of Shallow and Special Thick Seam Mining in Gully Region 79 5.4 Supporting Resistance Determination of Shallow and Special Thick Seam Mining in Gully Region