矸石充填回收城镇下条带煤柱技术研究及应用.pdf

分类号分类号 TD823 密密 级 公级 公 开开 U D C 单位代码单位代码10424 学学 位位 论论 文文 矸石充填回收城镇下条带煤柱矸石充填回收城镇下条带煤柱 技术研究及应用技术研究及应用 李李 家家 卓卓 申请学位级别申请学位级别 硕士学位硕士学位 专业名称专业名称 采矿工程采矿工程 指导教师姓名指导教师姓名 郭郭 忠忠 平平 职职 称称 教教 授授 山山 东东 科科 技技 大大 学学 二二 O 一二年六月一二年六月 论文题目论文题目 矸石充填回收城镇下条带煤柱技术 研究及应用 矸石充填回收城镇下条带煤柱技术 研究及应用 作者姓名作者姓名 李李 家家 卓卓 入学时间入学时间 2009 年年 9 月月 专业名称专业名称 采矿工程采矿工程 研究方向研究方向 采煤方法与工艺采煤方法与工艺 指导教师指导教师 郭郭 忠忠 平平 职职 称称 教教 授授 论文提交日期论文提交日期 2012 年年 6 月月 论文答辩日期论文答辩日期 2012 年年 6 月月 授予学位日期授予学位日期 STUDY ON TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATION OF RECYCLING STRIP COAL PILLAR UNDER TOWN A Dissertation ted in fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of MASTER OF ENGINEERING from Shandong University of Science and Technology by Li Jiazhuo Supervisorprofessor Guo Zhongping College of Natural Resources and Environmental Engineering June 2012 声声 明明 本人呈交给山东科技大学的这篇硕士学位论文，除了所列参考文献和世所公认的文 献外，全部是本人在导师指导下的研究成果。该论文资料尚没有呈交于其它任何学术机 关作鉴定。 本人呈交给山东科技大学的这篇硕士学位论文，除了所列参考文献和世所公认的文 献外，全部是本人在导师指导下的研究成果。该论文资料尚没有呈交于其它任何学术机 关作鉴定。 硕士生签名硕士生签名 日日 期期 AFFIRMATION I declare that this dissertation，，ted in fulfillment of the requirements for the award of Master of Philosophy in Shandong University of Science and Technology，， is wholly my own work unless referenced of acknowledge. The document has not been ted for qualification at any other academic institute. Signature Date 山东科技大学硕士学位论文 摘要 摘摘 要要 为缓解目前我国煤矿遗留条带煤柱量巨大、矸石排放多的严峻问题，本论文提出了 综采矸石充填回收城镇下条带煤柱新技术。论文根据以上覆岩层运动为中心的矿压理论 和关键层原理，依据条带开采结束后采空区中充填的矸石和两侧窄煤柱组成的二元承载 结构稳定性和等价采高模型特点，综合运用理论分析、数值模拟和现场实测手段，对该 新技术进行了研究，并取得了一些有价值的成果研究了二元承载结构稳定性及其破坏 失稳机理，计算了两侧窄煤柱屈服区宽度、窄煤柱极限强度、窄煤柱受力安全系数；分 析了关键层对煤柱回收后的覆岩运动影响；确定了孤岛工作面两平巷高强高预应力让压 锚杆支护形式； 采用FLAC3D和UDEC数值软件对条带开采和煤柱回收后上覆岩层位移、 塑性区分布和应力传递规律进行了对比分析，发现条带煤柱矸石充填开采无明显的初次 来压和周期来压现象，顶部控制较容易；将综采工艺成功的应用到花园煤矿条带煤柱回 收中，提高了机械化程度和生产效益；提出了 5 种城镇下条带煤柱回收方法，设计了花 园煤矿一采区北部条带煤柱矸石充填系统与工艺。 关键词条带煤柱，充填开采，煤柱回收，覆岩运动，采煤方法 山东科技大学硕士学位论文 摘要 ABSTRACT In order to reduce the influence caused by coal mining to human living environment, to avoid the threat for coal gangue stacking to human existence, to recovery strip pillar under town, the new technology of recovering strip pillar under town is raised in this paper. This paper is guided with the ground pressure theory of overlying stratum movement as a center and theory of key stratum. According to the stability of dual structure and features of equivalent mining height model coned by gangue and thin pillars after strip mining, using theory analysis, numerical simulation and field application s, strip mining, the motion situation of overlying strata after pillar recovery, characteristics of ground pressure behavior, the range of strata to control, control of mining gateway and arrangement and technological process of the mining gateway is studied completed. The aim to control surface deation is completed and the following new achievements are achieved. Fully-mechanized coal mining technique is used in strip pillar recovery, which improves the coal recovery rate. The new technology of strip pillar filling has advantages of high mechanization degree, high recovery coefficient and high production efficiency. Stress distribution characteristics, displacement of the roof and floor, surface deation and plastic zone distribution are studied using FLAC3D and UDEC numerical simulation software after strip mining and pillar recovery. The law of dynamic movement of overlying strata in strip pillar recovery is revealed. The ground pressure theory of overlying stratum movement as a center is successfully used in strip pillar filling mining through equivalent mining height model. The range of strata to control and mine strata pressure behavior law is studied in the process of pillar recovery. Five types coal mining techniques are put forward and the system and technology of strip pillar filling mining is designed in the north of the first mining area under buildings in Huayuan coal mine. Keywords Strip pillar under town, Filling mining, Pillar recovering, Overlying strata movement, Numerical simulation 山东科技大学硕士学位论文 目录 目目 录录 1 绪论绪论 ................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 课题研究的意义...........................................................................................................1 1.2 国内外研究现状综述...................................................................................................1 1.3 主要内容及技术路线...................................................................................................8 1.4 论文创新点.................................................................................................................10 2 工程技术条件工程技术条件..................................................................................................11 2.1 工作面位置.................................................................................................................11 2.2 煤层特征.....................................................................................................................13 2.3 地质构造.....................................................................................................................14 2.4 水文地质条件.............................................................................................................14 3 煤柱稳定性与覆岩运动及其影响因素分析煤柱稳定性与覆岩运动及其影响因素分析................................................. 16 3.1 煤柱充填开采等价采高.............................................................................................16 3.2 煤柱稳定性影响因素.................................................................................................16 3.3 覆岩破坏影响因素分析.............................................................................................22 3.4 小结.............................................................................................................................34 4 孤岛煤柱上下平巷支护方案优化孤岛煤柱上下平巷支护方案优化................................................................. 35 4.1 模拟软件选择.............................................................................................................35 4.2 数值模拟方案.............................................................................................................35 4.3 巷道支护方案.............................................................................................................38 5 条采煤柱回收数值模拟研究条采煤柱回收数值模拟研究......................................................................... 35 5.1 模拟方案....................................................................................................................36 5.2 应力分布情况............................................................................................................36 5.3 条带开采位移分布特征............................................................................................37 5.4 煤柱回收前后对比分析............................................................................................39 5.5 小结.............................................................................................................................43 6 工程实践应用工程实践应用................................................................................................. 44 山东科技大学硕士学位论文 目录 6.1 充填方案.....................................................................................................................44 6.2 采煤方法确定.............................................................................................................49 6.3 生产系统布置.............................................................................................................52 6.4 开采效益分析.............................................................................................................54 6.5 小结.............................................................................................................................54 7 结论与展望结论与展望 ..................................................................................................... 65 7.1 结论.............................................................................................................................65 7.2 论文的不足与展望.....................................................................................................65 致谢致谢 ..................................................................................................................... 66 参考文献参考文献 ............................................................................................................. 67 攻读硕士学位期间从事科学研究及发表论文情况攻读硕士学位期间从事科学研究及发表论文情况......................................... 71 山东科技大学硕士学位论文 目录 Contents 1 Introduction............................................................................................................................1 1.1 Subject research significance.................................................................................................................1 1.2 Present Situation in China and Abroad ..................................................................................................1 1.3 The main content of the subject research and technical route................................................................8 1.4 The innovation points of the paper.......................................................................................................10 2 Engineering technology conditions.....................................................................................11 2.1 Face position........................................................................................................................................ 11 2.2 Characteristics of coal seam.................................................................................................................13 2.3 Geological structure.............................................................................................................................14 2.4 Hydrogeology conditions.....................................................................................................................14 3 Coal pillar stability and strata movement and its influence factor analysis16 3.1 Filling mining coal pillar mining equivalent height.............................................................................16 3.2 Coal pillar stability factors...................................................................................................................16 3.3 overburden rock failure effect factors..................................................................................................22 3.4 Summary..............................................................................................................................................34 4 The support scheme optimization of drifts in isolated coal pillar....................................35 4.1 The choice of Simulation software.......................................................................................................35 4.2 The numerical simulation scheme........................................................................................................35 4.3 Roadway support scheme.....................................................................................................................38 5 The study on numerical simulation of coal pillar recovery.............................................44 5.1 The numerical simulation scheme........................................................................................................45 5.2 Stress distribution.................................................................................................................................45 5.3 Displacement distribution characteristics of strip mining....................................................................46 5.4 Contrast analysis before recovering pillar and then.............................................................................48 5.5 Summary..............................................................................................................................................52 6 Engineering practical application......................................................................................53 6.1 Design of filling technology.................................................................................................................53 山东科技大学硕士学位论文 目录 6.2 Mining determination..............................................................................................................58 6.4 Analysis of mining benifit....................................................................................................................61 6.5 Summary..............................................................................................................................................63 7 Conclusion and prospect....................................................................................... 65 7.1 Conclusion ...........................................................................................................................................65 7.2 Shortage and prospect of the paper......................................................................................................65 Acknowledgement ..................................................................................................................66 References ...............................................................................................................................67 Scientific research situation in Getting a Master Degree....................................................71 山东科技大学硕士学位论文 绪论 1 1 绪论绪论 1.1 课题研究的意义课题研究的意义 改革开放三十多年来国民经济取得了跨越式的发展，对煤炭资源的需求量也 与日俱增，但煤炭资源正日益枯竭，同时仅国有煤矿的“三下”压煤量就高达数 百亿吨，因此安全高效的开采这部分煤炭资源是延长矿井服务年限、保障矿井可 持续发展的关键技术之一。 “三下”煤炭资源普遍采用条带开采，但条带开采结束后有近 60的煤炭以 煤柱的方式被永久遗留在井下。为解决这一难题，近几年来在我国相继开展了矸 石充填置换煤炭技术、固体废弃物充填技术等。这些技术研究虽取得了一定的进 展，但普遍存在着充填成本高、产量低等缺点，同时对条带开采结束后的煤柱回 收理论研究相对匮乏，如充填体和遗留煤柱的承载机理及变形和受力、充填体对 煤柱稳定性的影响、充填体和煤柱对覆岩的支撑平衡等问题。 通过本课题的研究，可以最大限度地回收建筑物下的煤炭资源、不断提高矿 井的经济效益，对煤矿企业的可持续发展具有极大的现实意义。同时，对解决我 国“三下”压煤、矸石井下处理、缓解矿井辅助提升紧张等问题开创一条新的技 术途径，其科学与工程研究意义十分重大。充填条带开采，可以在开采煤炭的同 时实现地面下沉控制、废弃物矸石的井下合理利用，实现矿区资源与环境协调发 展，构建人与自然和谐的矿山绿色开发模式。实现村庄群下固体废弃物充填开采， 对济宁矿业集团公司发展有重大而长远的意义，有助于以煤炭主业为主的集团公 司做强、做大。从宏观煤炭资源开采来说，可以为国家多回收煤炭资源，提高矿 井的服务年限、解决部分人员就业问题；从微观技术角度来看，采用充填开采技 术，为集团公司首例方案，成功开采后对于今后城镇、村庄下采煤意义重大，可 避免大量的耕地损失，保护地面建筑物和环境，利国利民，意义重大。 1.2 国内外研究现状综述国内外研究现状综述 1.2.1 国外建筑物下开采技术