抚顺西露天矿北帮边坡在地下开采条件下稳定性研究.pdf

硕士学位论文 抚顺西露天矿北帮边坡在地下开采条件下 稳定性研究 Study on Stability of North Slope of Fushun West Open-pit Mine under Underground Mining Conditions 作 者张大伟 导 师吴圣林副教授 中国矿业大学 二〇一九年五月 万方数据 学位论文使用授权声明 学位论文使用授权声明 本人完全了解中国矿业大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，同意本人所撰 写的学位论文的使用授权按照学校的管理规定处理 作为申请学位的条件之一， 学位论文著作权拥有者须授权所在学校拥有学位 论文的部分使用权，即①学校档案馆和图书馆有权保留学位论文的纸质版和电 子版，可以使用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编学位论文；②为教学和 科研目的，学校档案馆和图书馆可以将公开的学位论文作为资料在档案馆、图书 馆等场所或在校园网上供校内师生阅读、浏览。另外，根据有关法规，同意中国 国家图书馆保存研究生学位论文。 （保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权书） 。 作者签名 导师签名 年 月 日 年 月 日 万方数据 中图分类号 P642 学校代码 10290 UDC 550 密 级 公开 中国矿业大学 硕士学位论文 抚顺西露天矿北帮边坡在地下开采条件下稳定性 研究 Study on Stability of North Slope of Fushun West Open-pit Mine under Underground Mining Conditions 作 者 张大伟 导 师 吴圣林副教授 申请学位 工学硕士 培养单位 资源与地球科学学院 学科专业 地质工程 研究方向 工程地质与岩土工程 答辩委员会主席 隋旺华 评 阅 人 匿名评审 二○一九年五月 万方数据 致谢 致谢 时光匆匆如流水， 转眼间我的硕士生涯已接近尾声， 春梦秋云， 聚散真容易。 回首七年多的矿大生活，百感交集，苦辣酸甜集结于心头，但心中充盈最多的仍 是感激。值此毕业论文完成之际，向良师、益友、家人致以最诚挚的感谢。 感谢我的导师吴圣林副教授，导师胸豁达宽容的坦荡胸襟、谦虚严谨的治学 态度、积极进取的开拓精神令我仰慕，是我终身学习的典范。导师在专业上的帮 助和指导，使我明确了自己的科研方向，导师作为徐州矿大岩土工程新技术发展 有限公司的总工程师，给我提供了到矿大岩土公司实习的机会，让我不仅磨练了 自己的专业技能，同时在参与项目的过程中，学习和积累了丰富的科研与工程经 验，于以后的工作大有裨益，最后再次对我的导师在学习、生活中提供的帮助表 达由衷的感谢。 感谢矿大岩土公司的诸位前辈和师兄，何宝林、高盛翔、陈书平、史继彪、 李帅、吴泽辉与马路兴等诸位优秀的工程师，无私地将他们的技术和经验分享给 我，这些宝贵的经验知识使我获得了巨大的进步。 感谢同门的师兄弟姐妹，宋豪硕士、刘权逸硕士、吴丹蕾硕士、徐翔硕士、 郭繁森硕士、朱晓刚硕士、郝丽莉硕士、吴迪硕士、陈威硕士、李嘉伟硕士、杨 毅哲硕士，生活上给予我集体的温暖与欢乐，学习中给予我的支持与帮助。 感谢我的舍友，杜宇鹏硕士、李鸾飞硕士、夏瑞君硕士在生活中给予我的包 容与关照。 感谢我的父母一直以来对我的支持与鼓励，是你们的无私付出和殷殷期望， 给予我不断前进的动力。 最后，感谢中国矿业大学和资源学院辛勤工作和无私奉献的老师们，感谢你 们为莘莘学子传道授业解惑， 你们在科研道路中好学力行、 求是创新、 艰苦奋斗、 自强不息的精神将在我未来的生活中不断鼓舞我前进。 万方数据 I 摘摘 要要 在露天矿边坡下进行煤层开采时， 边坡岩土体的受力与变形在地下采动的影 响下会变得更为复杂，其稳定性也会遭受较大的影响。本文以抚顺西露天矿北帮 边坡为研究对象，通过现场调查、理论分析、数值模拟、强度折减法和极限平衡 法计算稳定性系数以及层次模糊综合评价等多种方法， 研究了地下开采条件下露 天矿边坡的变形规律和破坏机理、 采空区的处理以及露天矿边坡的稳定性评价等 问题。论文的主要研究成果如下 （1） 分析以往西露天矿区的勘察设计资料， 在掌握并梳理研究区地形地貌、 地质构造、地层结构及水文地质情况的基础上，提出了影响露天矿边坡稳定性的 因素，重点分析了地下开采对边坡稳定会产生以下三个方面的影响①地下开采 降低了边坡岩土体的强度；②地下开采打破了边坡坡体内原有应力的平衡状态； ③地下开采使边坡的水文地质条件发生了改变。 （2）通过对研究区地质条件的详细研究并结合理论分析，确定了西露天矿 北帮边坡在地下开采的影响下会产生整体滑移和局部倾倒变形的破坏模式， 并按 其破坏模式将其变形破坏区域划分为潜在滑移破坏区、 倾倒变形区和沉陷变形区。 （3） 运用数值模拟对地下煤层开采条件下露天矿边坡的变形情况进行分析， 得出在地下开采条件下， 西露天矿北帮边坡岩土体的变形由露天开挖时单纯的向 临空面滑移变为了下沉与滑移组合的移动方式， 并且边坡的位移与变形量相对于 单一的露天开采时明显增大，随着开采规模的扩大，其位移与变形量呈非线性不 断提高。 （4） 运用数值模拟对地下煤层开采条件下露天矿边坡的变形情况进行分析， 得出在地下开采条件下，露天矿边坡主要表现出地下采动的变形特征，并且按其 变形特征将边坡分为拉张变形区、开采沉陷区和鼓胀变形区等区域。 （5）综合数值模拟、稳定性系数计算和层次模糊综合评判的结果，西露天 矿北帮边坡在未进行地下开采时处于稳定状态；地下采空后，其稳定性将大幅度 降低，随着开采规模的扩大，西露天矿北帮边坡会产生滑向采空区的剧烈破坏； 当采用充填开采时，露天矿边坡整体呈向坡内位移的趋势，但是采用充填开采有 效控制了边坡的位移和变形，使其整体稳定性较好，露天矿边坡的局部台阶可能 会发生破坏。同时由于边坡整体的位移，坡顶断层 F1 上盘岩土体将沿其断层破 碎带产生俯冲沉降变形，坡顶断层 F1 和 F1A 之间区域的变形会进一步加大。 该论文有图 96 幅，表 16 个，参考文献 84 篇。 关键词关键词采动边坡；复合采动；边坡变形机理；稳定性分析 万方数据 II Abstract Abstract When mining under the slope of open-pit mine, the stress and deation of slope rock and soil will become more complex under the influence of underground mining, and its stability will also be greatly affected. Taking the north slope of Fushun West Open-pit Mine as the research object, this paper studies the deation law and failure mechanism of open-pit slope under underground mining conditions, the treatment of goaf and the stability uation of open-pit slope by means of field investigation, theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, apply strength reduction and limit equilibrium calculating the safety factor of stability and hierarchical fuzzy comprehensive uation. The main research results are as follows 1 Based on the analysis of the survey and design data of the west open-pit mining area in the past, and on the basis of mastering and sorting out the topography, geological structure, stratum structure and hydrogeological conditions of the study area, the general factors affecting the slope stability of the open-pit mine are put forward, and the influence of underground mining on the slope stability is emphatically analyzed. The conclusions are drawn as follows ① Underground mining reduces the strength of rock and soil mass of the slope; ② Underground mining breaks the balance state of the original stress in the slope; ③ Underground mining changes the hydrogeologyc- al conditions of the slope. 2 Based on the detailed study of the geological conditions in the study area and the theoretical analysis, the failure mode of the northern slope of the west open-pit mine under the influence of underground mining is determined. According to the failure mode, the deation and failure area is divided into slip failure area, dumping deation area and subsidence deation area. 3 Using numerical simulation to analyze the deation of open pit slope under the condition of underground coal seam mining, it is concluded that under the condition of underground mining, the deation of rock and soil mass of the north slope of West Open pit Mine changes from the simple slip to the combination of subsidence and slip during open pit excavation to the movement mode of subsidence and slip, and the displacement of the slope increases significantly compared with that of single open pit mining. With the enlargement of mining scale, the displacement is increasing nonlinearly. 4 The deation of open-pit slope under underground coal seam mining is 万方数据 III analyzed by numerical simulation. It is concluded that under underground mining conditions, open-pit slope mainly shows the deation characteristics of underground mining, and according to its deation characteristics, the slope is divided into tension deation area, mining subsidence area and swelling deation area. 5 According to the results of comprehensive numerical simulation, stability coefficient calculation and hierarchical fuzzy comprehensive uation, the northern slope of West Open-pit Mine is in a stable state when underground mining is not carried out; after underground mining, its stability will be greatly reduced, and with the expansion of mining scale, the northern slope of West Open-pit Mine will cause severe damage to the goaf.When backfilling mining is used, the slope of open pit mine tends to displace in the slope as a whole, but backfilling mining can effectively control the displacement and deation of the slope, making the overall stability of the slope better, and the local steps of the slope of open pit mine may be destroyed. At the same time, due to the overall displacement of the slope, the rock and soil mass on the upper wall of the top fault F1 will produce subduction settlement along its fault fracture zone, and the deation in the area between the top fault F1 and F1A will further increase. This paper has 96 figures, 16 tables and 84 references. Key words mining slope; composite mining; slope deation mechanism; stability analysis 万方数据 IV 目目 录录 摘摘 要要 ........................................................................................................................... I 目目 录录 ........................................................................................................................ IV 图清单图清单 ..................................................................................................................... VIII 表清单表清单 ..................................................................................................................... XIV 变量注释表变量注释表 ............................................................................................................. XVI 1 绪论绪论 ........................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 选题依据及研究意义............................................................................................. 1 1.2 国内外研究现状..................................................................................................... 2 1.3 主要研究内容及技术路线..................................................................................... 9 2 研究区概况研究区概况 ............................................................................................................. 11 2.1 研究区地质环境条件........................................................................................... 11 2.2 研究区开采历史和开采现状............................................................................... 24 3 地下开采作用下露天矿边坡损害机理研究地下开采作用下露天矿边坡损害机理研究 ......................................................... 27 3.1 影响露天矿边坡稳定性的因素分析................................................................... 27 3.2 地下开采对露天矿边坡稳定性的影响分析....................................................... 30 3.3 地下开采作用下露天矿边坡损害机理分析....................................................... 31 3.4 地下开采条件下边坡破坏模式分析................................................................... 34 3.5 本章小结............................................................................................................... 37 4 地下开采条件下露天矿边坡稳定性分析地下开采条件下露天矿边坡稳定性分析 .............................................................. 38 4.1 模型的建立............................................................................................................ 38 4.2 西露天矿北帮边坡在不同开采条件下稳定性分析........................................... 42 4.3 强度折减法计算稳定性系数............................................................................... 55 4.4 基于规范的极限平衡法稳定性系数计算........................................................... 56 4.5 本章小结............................................................................................................... 60 5 西露天矿北帮边坡稳定性的模糊评判西露天矿北帮边坡稳定性的模糊评判 ................................................................. 62 5.1 分析方法和步骤................................................................................................... 62 5.2 露天矿边坡稳定性的层次分析........................................................................... 63 5.3 西露天矿北帮边坡稳定性的模糊综合评判....................................................... 67 5.4 本章小结............................................................................................................... 73 万方数据 V 6 结论及展望结论及展望 ............................................................................................................. 75 6.1 结论....................................................................................................................... 75 6.2 研究展望............................................................................................................... 76 参考文献参考文献 ..................................................................................................................... 77 作者简历作者简历 ..................................................................................................................... 82 学位论文原创性声明学位论文原创性声明 ................................................................................................. 83 学位论文数据集学位论文数据集 ......................................................................................................... 84 万方数据 VI ContentsContents Abstract ........................................................................................................................ II Contents ..................................................................................................................... VI List of Figures ......................................................................................................... VIII List of Tables ........................................................................................................... XIV List of Variables...................................................................................................... XVI 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 1 1.1 The Selected Topic Basis and Study Significance ................................................... 1 1.2 Overseas and Domestic Study Status ....................................................................... 2 1.3 Study Content and Technical route .......................................................................... 9 2 Basic Ination of The Study Area ................................................................... 11 2.1 Geological and Environmental Conditio-ns of The Study Area ............................ 11 2.2 Mining History and Mining Status of Study Area ................................................. 24 3 Study on Slope Damage Mechanism under the Action of Underground Mining ...................................................................................................................................... 27 3.1 Analysis of Factors Affe-cting Slope Stability of Open Pit Mine ......................... 27 3.2 Analysis of The Influence of Underground Mining on Slope Stability of Open Pit Mine ............................................................................................................................. 30 3.3 Mechanism Analysis of Slope Damage in Open Pit Mine Under the Action of Underground Mining ................................................................................................... 31 3.4 Analysis of Slope Failure Mode under Underground Mining Conditions ............. 34 3.5 Chapter Summary .................................................................................................. 37 4 Stability Analysis of Open-pit Slope under Underground Mining Conditions . 38 4.1 Buildup of Model ................................................................................................... 38 4.2 Stability Analysis of North Slope of West Open-pit Mine .................................... 42 4.3 Applied the Strength Reduction to Calculate the Factor of Safety .......... 55 4.4 Calculation of Safety Factor of Stability Based on Normative Limit Equilibrium ......................................................................................................................... 56 4.5 Chapter Summary .................................................................................................. 60 5 Fuzzy uation of The Stability of The North Slope of West Open-pit Mine 62 万方数据 VII 5.1 Analysis s and Procedures ......................................................................... 62 5.2 Hierarchical Analysis of Slope Stability in Open-pit Mine ................................... 63 5.3 Fuzzy Comprehensive uation of North Slope Stability of West Open-pit Mine ...................................................................................................................................... 67 5.4 Chapter Summary .................................................................................................. 73 6 Conclusion and Prospect ........................................................................................ 75 6.1 Conclusion ........................................................................................................