覆岩关键层破断对采空区压力变化规律影响的实验研究.pdf
硕士学位论文 覆岩关键层破断对采空区压力变化规律影 响的实验研究 Experimental Study on the Influence of the Breakage of Overlying Key Strata on the Variation of Pressure in Goaf 作 者刘传振 导 师谢建林 副研究员 中国矿业大学 二○一七年五月 国家自然科学基金资助项目(51404246) 江苏省自然科学基金资助项目(BK20140205) 万方数据 中图分类号 TD325 学校代码 10290 UDC 622 密 级 公开 中国矿业大学 硕士学位论文 覆岩关键层破断对采空区压力变化规律影响的 实验研究 Experimental Study on the Influence of the Breakage of Overlying Key Strata on the Variation of Pressure in Goaf 作 者 刘传振 导 师 谢建林 申请学位 工学硕士学位 培养单位 矿业工程学院 学科专业 采矿工程 研究方向 岩层移动与绿色开采 答辩委员会主席 谢耀社 评 阅 人 陈绍杰 张农 二○一七年五月 万方数据 学位论文使用授权声明学位论文使用授权声明 本人完全了解中国矿业大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定,同意本人所撰 写的学位论文的使用授权按照学校的管理规定处理 作为申请学位的条件之一, 学位论文著作权拥有者须授权所在学校拥有学位 论文的部分使用权,即①学校档案馆和图书馆有权保留学位论文的纸质版和电 子版,可以使用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编学位论文;②为教学和 科研目的,学校档案馆和图书馆可以将公开的学位论文作为资料在档案馆、图书 馆等场所或在校园网上供校内师生阅读、浏览。另外,根据有关法规,同意中国 国家图书馆保存研究生学位论文。 (保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权书) 。 作者签名 导师签名 年 月 日 年 月 日 万方数据 致致 谢谢 岁月如歌,光阴似箭,三年的研究生学习和生活即将结束。回首往昔,很庆 幸在这个学风优良、景色优美的地方度过了三年充实的校园生活,遇见了给我一 路成长和进步都有很大帮助的人们。值此毕业之际,我谨向所有关心、爱护、帮 助我的人致以最诚挚的感谢与最美好的祝愿。 首先,我要深深感谢我的导师谢建林副研究员。本论文就是在谢建林老师的 悉心指导之下完成的,论文从选题、模拟实验、现场实测到完成,每一步都是在 谢老师的亲自指导下完成的, 倾注了谢老师大量的心血与汗水。 谢老师为人谦和, 平易近人。三年来,谢老师渊博的专业知识、严谨的治学态度和精益求精的工作 作风给了我深远的影响。谢老师不仅授我以文,而且教我做人,虽历时三载,却 赋予我终生受益无穷之道。在此我向我的导师谢建林表示深切的谢意与祝福 本论文的完成也离不开课题组诸位老师的指导与帮助,感谢许家林、朱卫兵 的指点,他们在实验方案的设计、数据分析和处理、论文的通篇布局和写作中都 给了我很多宝贵意见,对于他们的帮助,我铭感于心。 感谢汪锋博士这三年来教会我的分析问题和数据处理的技巧和方法, 以及在 研究方向上对我的积极引导和传授, 尤其是在自己开展博士论文期间仍对我的硕 士论文给予关切和帮助,并提出了积极宝贵的建议,在此非常感谢 真诚感谢课题组的李竹博士、滕浩博士在论文完成期间提出了宝贵的意见, 感谢邱平、张文波、胡楠、杨伟明、刘一鸣等各位师兄弟在模拟实验中无私的帮 助,真诚感谢他们曾经连续很多天仍然顶着酷热的天气帮我铺设物理模型,在此 表示衷心的感谢 感谢张少华、 赵海云等各位实验室老师在我进行相似模拟实验中给我提供的 各种便利和指导 感谢淄博矿业集团王庄煤矿和同煤集团同忻煤矿的诸位领导和 同事在我出差期间给我提供详细的技术资料、便利的住宿和饮食等各种帮助,在 此真诚感谢你们 父母的期望是我前进的最大动力, 感谢父母在我求学生涯中给与我无微不至 的关怀和照顾,一如既往地支持我、鼓励我,同时感谢所有亲人、朋友给予我的 帮助和鼓励,是你们的理解和支持让我走的更远。 衷心地感谢各位专家、教授在百忙之中评审本文,由于作者水平有限,文中 定有许多疏漏和不足之处,热切希望得到批评、指正 刘传振 二○一七年五月 万方数据 I 摘摘 要要 煤炭开采引起的一系列采动损害与环境问题都与覆岩的内部运动有关。 而覆 岩关键层破断后会对采空区压力产生最直接的影响。 因此本文将结合关键层理论, 研究采空区压力变化规律与覆岩关键层破断之间的对应关系, 从而实现深入掌握 覆岩内部运动规律的目标。 论文综合运用理论分析、物理模拟、数值模拟以及现场实测等方法,首先通 过物理模拟研究得到覆岩关键层破断对采空区压力变化规律影响的特征。 运用数 值模拟对影响采空区压力变化规律的各因素进行了分析。 最后采用自行研制的采 空区压力监测系统进行了现场实测, 初步得出了覆岩关键层破断对采空区压力变 化影响的基本规律。 物理模拟实验表明, 煤层开采后采空区的压力随着上覆关键层的破断呈阶梯 状增长。初采期时采空区压力呈阶梯状增长直至最终稳定,且采空区最终压力值 远小于其原岩应力值。 正常回采期时测点上方不同层位关键层破断时采空区压力 呈阶梯状增长,而当上方主关键层破断后,采空区压力以不同斜率曲线恢复原岩 应力的稳定值。 数值模拟实验表明, 无关键层条件下采空区压力会以线性增长方式从零增加 至最终稳定值。覆岩存在关键层时,当测点布置在切眼附近时,采空区压力始终 随关键层破断呈阶梯状增长方式,压力最终值会小于原岩应力值。当测点布置在 正常回采阶段时,采空区压力变化情况会受到关键层层位、关键层厚度、采高等 各因素的综合影响。 根据上述研究并结合采空区复杂的条件, 运用自行研制的采空区压力监测系 统及其工艺方法,在淄博王庄煤矿进行了现场实测,验证了监测系统的准确可行 性以及采空区压力变化的基本规律。 该论文有图 46 幅,表 6 个,参考文献 112 篇。 关键词关键词覆岩关键层;采空区压力;初采期;正常回采期;影响因素 万方数据 II Abstract A series of mining damage and environmental problems caused by coal mining are related to the movement of overlying strata. However, pressure in goaf will constantly change with the movement of overlying strata. Therefore, this paper will study on the relationship between goaf pressure changes and the fracture in overlying key strata based on key strata theory. So as to achieve the goal of mastering the internal movement law of overlying strata. Theoretical analysis, physical simulation, numerical simulation and field observations are used in this thesis. Firstly, through the physical simulation to investigate the impact of the fracture in overlying key strata on pressure changes in goaf. And influence factors on goaf pressure is analyzed by using numerical simulation. After that, a goaf pressure monitoring system and technological are developed independently, and field experiments are carried out, obtaining qualitatively a normal effect of the fracture in overlying key strata on goaf pressure variations. Physical simulation shows that a ladder-like pressure increase is found in goaf with the fracture of overlying key strata after coal mining. During the initial mining period, the pressure of the measuring point is in a ladder-like growth until it is finally stable, and the goaf pressure is far less than in-situ stress. During the normal mining period, the goaf pressure increases step by step when the key strata which are just above measuring points are broken, after which goaf pressure is back to in-situ stable stress with different slope curves. Numerical simulation indicates that under the condition of no key strata, the goaf pressure will increase from zero to the final stable value in a linear-increasing way. When measuring points are arranged during initial mining period, a ladder-like pressure increase is always found in goaf with the fracture of overlying key strata, and the final value of pressure will be less than in-situ stress. When measuring points are arranged during normal mining period, goaf pressure will be influenced by key stratum horizons, key stratum thickness and mining height. Based on research results above and complex goaf conditions, a goaf pressure monitoring system and technological are developed independently, and site measures are carried out in Zibo Wangzhuang Coal Mine, which verifies the accuracy of monitoring system and basic rules of goaf pressure changes. This thesis has 46 figures, 6 tables and 112 references. 万方数据 III Keywords overlying key strata; goaf pressure; initial mining period; normal mining period; influence factors. 万方数据 IV 目目 录录 摘摘 要要 ......................................................................................................... I 目目 录录 ...................................................................................................... IV 图清单图清单 ................................................................................................... VIII 表清单表清单 ...................................................................................................... XI 变量注释表变量注释表 ............................................................................................ XII 1 1 绪论绪论 ......................................................................................................... 1 1.1 问题的提出及研究意义 ......................................................................................... 1 1.2 国内外研究现状 ..................................................................................................... 2 1.3 主要研究内容及方法 .............................................................................................. 6 2 覆岩关键层破断对采空区压力变化规律影响的理论背景覆岩关键层破断对采空区压力变化规律影响的理论背景 ................ 9 2.1 采场上覆岩层运动规律 .......................................................................................... 9 2.2 上覆岩层的岩体结构力学模型 ............................................................................ 10 3 覆岩关键层破断对采空区压力变化规律影响的物理模拟研究覆岩关键层破断对采空区压力变化规律影响的物理模拟研究 ...... 15 3.1 相似模拟实验的理论基础 .................................................................................... 15 3.2 相似模拟实验方案 ............................................................................................... 16 3.3 开采过程及数据分析 ........................................................................................... 20 3.4 本章小结 ............................................................................................................... 30 4 覆岩关键层破断对采空区压力变化规律影响的数值模拟研究覆岩关键层破断对采空区压力变化规律影响的数值模拟研究 ....... 31 4.1 数值模拟方案设计 ................................................................................................ 31 4.2 关键层对采空区压力变化规律的影响 ............................................................... 35 4.3 关键层对采空区压力变化规律的影响因素 ....................................................... 39 4.4 本章小结 ................................................................................................................ 49 5 采空区压力监测现场试验采空区压力监测现场试验 .................................................................. 51 5.1 采空区压力监测系统简介 .................................................................................... 51 5.2 试验工作面基本条件 ........................................................................................... 53 5.3 工作面试验方案的布置 ....................................................................................... 55 5.4 现场实测数据分析 ................................................................................................ 55 5.5 本章小结 ................................................................................................................ 56 6.结论与展望结论与展望 ........................................................................................... 57 万方数据 V 6.1 主要结论 ................................................................................................................ 57 6.2 工作展望 ............................................................................................................... 58 参考文献参考文献................................................................................................... 59 作者简历作者简历................................................................................................... 67 学位论文原创性声明学位论文原创性声明 .............................................................................. 69 学位论文数据集学位论文数据集 ...................................................................................... 71 万方数据 VI Contents Abstract .................................................................................................... II Contents .................................................................................................. VI List of Figures ...................................................................................... VIII List of Tables .......................................................................................... XI List of Variables .................................................................................... XII 1 Introduction ........................................................................................... 1 1.1 Introduction and Research Meaning ........................................................................ 1 1.2 Resreach Actuality at Home and Abroad ................................................................. 2 1.3 Main Research Contents and s .................................................................... 6 2 Theoretical Background of the Influence of the Breakage of Overlying Key Strata on the Variation of Pressure in Goaf ................. 9 2.1 Movement Law of Overlying Strata in Underground Mining ................................. 9 2.2 Mechanics Model of Overlying Strata ................................................................... 10 3 Physical Simulation Study on the Influence of the Breakage of Overlying Key Strata on the Variation of Pressure in Goaf ............... 15 3.1 Theoretical Basis of Similarity Simulation Experiment ........................................ 15 3.2 Similar Simulation Experiment Scheme ................................................................ 16 3.3 Mining Process and Data Analysis ........................................................................ 20 3.4 Chapter Conclusion ................................................................................................ 30 4 Numerical Simulation Study on the Influence of the Breakage of Overlying Key Strata on the Variation of Pressure in Goaf ............... 31 4.1 Numerical simulation design ................................................................................. 31 4.2 Influence of Key Strata on the Variation of Pressure in Goaf ................................ 35 4.3 Influence Factors of Key Strata on the Variation Law of Goaf Pressure ............... 39 4.4 Chapter Conclusion ................................................................................................ 49 5 Field Test of Pressure Monitoring in Goaf ........................................ 51 5.1 Brief Introduction of Pressure Monitoring System in Goaf ................................... 51 5.2 Basic Conditions of Test Working Face ................................................................. 53 5.3 Layout of Test Plan for Working Face ................................................................... 55 万方数据 VII 5.4 Analysis of Field Measured Data ........................................................................... 55 5.5 Chapter Conclusion ................................................................................................ 56 6.Conclusions and Prospect ................................................................... 57 6.1Main conclusions .................................................................................................... 57 6.2 Work Outlook ......................................................................................................... 58 References ................................................................................................ 59 Author’s Resume ..................................................................................... 67 Declaration of Thesis Originality .......................................................... 69 Thesis Date Collection ............................................................................ 71 万方数据 VIII 图清单图清单 图序号 图名称 页码 图 1-1 采场结构模型发展 2 Figure 1-1 uation of model in underground mining 2 图 1-2 岩层控制的关键层理论技术体系 4 Figure 1-2 System of key strata theory in ground control 4 图 1-3 论文技术路线图 8 Figure 1-3 Technical route of thesis 8 图 2-1 采场上覆岩层的变形破坏 9 Figure 2-1 Deation failure of overlying strata in stope 9 图 2-2 岩体整体结构力学模型 10 Figure 2-2 Mechanical model of rock mass structure 10 图 2-3 关键层力学模型 11 Figure 2-3 Mechanical model of key strata 11 图 3-1 TEKSCAN 薄膜压力分布测试系统 17 Figure 3-1 TEKSCAN thin film pressure distribution test system 17 图 3-2 模拟实验模型 1 18 Figure 3-2 Simulation experiment model 1 18 图 3-3 模拟实验模型 2 19 Figure 3-3 Simulation experiment model 2 19 图 3-4 老顶初次破断前后岩层运动 21 Figure 3-4 Rock movement around the first breakage of main roof 21 图 3-5 老顶周期破断前后岩层运动 21 Figure 3-5 Rock movement around the Periodic breakage of main roof 21 图 3-6 主关键层初次破断前后岩层运动 22 Figure 3-6 Rock movement around the first breakage of primary key strata 22 图 3-7 主关键层周期破断前后岩层运动 22 Figure 3-7 Rock movement around the Periodic breakage of primary key strata 22 图 3-8 正常回采期采空区压力变化曲线 23 Figure 3-8 Variation curves of goaf pressure away from mining boundary 23 图 3-9 薄膜压力分布传感器采空区布置 25 Figure 3-9 Layout of film pressure distribution sensor 25 图 3-10 直接顶垮落过程 25 Figure 3-10 The caving process of direct roof 25 图 3-11 老顶初次破断前后岩层运动 25 Figure 3-11 Rock movement around the first breakage of main roof 25 图 3-12 老顶第一次周期破断前后岩层运动 26 Figure 3-12 Rock movement around the first periodic breakage of main roof 26 图 3-13 KS1 与 KS2 同步破断前后岩层运动 26 Figure 3-13 Rock movement around Synchronous breakage of KS1 and KS2 changing with advance of working face 26 万方数据 IX 图 3-14 主关键层初次破断前后岩层运动 27 Figure 3-14 Rock movement around the first breakage of primary key strata 27 图 3-15 主