断层合理留设煤岩柱宽度数值模拟研究分析.pdf

分 类 号TD823 密级公开 单位代码10878 学号20133301094 硕士专业学位论文硕士专业学位论文 （全日制）（全日制） 论 文题 目 断层合理留设煤岩柱宽度数值模拟研究分析论 文题 目 断层合理留设煤岩柱宽度数值模拟研究分析 专业学位类别学 术 硕 士专业学位类别学 术 硕 士 专业学位领域工程类专业学位领域工程类 研 究方 向结 构 工 程研 究方 向结 构 工 程 作 者姓 名张俊作 者姓 名张俊 导 师姓 名杨本水导 师姓 名杨本水 完 成时 间2016 年 3 月完 成时 间2016 年 3 月 万方数据 断层合理留设煤岩柱宽度数值模拟研究分析 Fault coal and rock pillars remain reasonable width provided numerical simulation analysis 专业学位类别学 术 硕 士专业学位类别学 术 硕 士 专业学位领域工程类专业学位领域工程类 研 究方 向结 构 工 程研 究方 向结 构 工 程 作 者姓 名张俊作 者姓 名张俊 导 师姓 名杨本水导 师姓 名杨本水 完 成时 间2016 年 3 月完 成时 间2016 年 3 月 万方数据 万方数据 万方数据 I 摘 要 依据相关规程规定，大型断层破碎带必须留设合理长度的安全防水煤岩柱， 导致大量的煤炭资源不能够充分开采。近些年来，随着精细物探水平、含水层注 浆加固改造技术等方面水平不断提高，原有断层防水煤柱留设方式受到了严重质 疑。为此本着“以人为本、科技兴矿，安全高效和减少资源损失、走可持续发展” 社会宗旨和理念。为解放受水患威胁和断层限制两者共同影响的煤炭资源，研究 在受到两者的影响下，合理留设其煤岩柱尺寸技术显得尤为重要。 论文以五沟煤矿南一采区 1011 工作面外侧 F14 断层为研究对象，从研究 F14 断层及其伴生构造的分形几何学特征入手，在分析矿井突涌水资料的基础上，采 用物探井下钻探等多学科多手段相互配合、理论联系实际的方法，结合矿井开拓 大巷、石门巷道揭露以及南一采区 1011 工作面外侧钻探、瞬变电磁探测成果，重 点研究 F14 断层开采自身的含导水性特征和 F14 断层带岩层的分形几何特征、物 理力学性质、水理性能、导水性、富水性、采动活化可能性以及注浆改造的安全 可靠性，从而对 F14 断层及伴生构造采动影响下的破坏移动演化规律、导富水性 进行分析预测，由此提出 F14 断层留设合理煤柱不拆减支架开采理论方案和灰岩 水害防治相应对策，工作面在进入断层防水煤柱的位置后应采取的行之有效的调 控措施。 在此基础上， 着重进行了二维固液两相相似模拟实验和运用 FLAC3D 对 F14 断层留设不同煤岩柱尺度进行数值模拟分析，结果表明当煤层开采越靠近断层 时，受断层带的“屏障”作用，底板突水可能性会陡增。随工作面不断推进，底 板破坏高度不断增加，断层活化程度不断增大，承压水沿活化断层的导升高度不 断增大；通过模拟和数值分析表明实际工程原型的安全煤柱宽度需留设 40m。运 用 FLAC3D 对断层破碎带的宽度不同进行模拟，研究发现受煤层采动原因致使断层 破碎带影响程度及范围渐渐变得难以控制；突水危险性渐渐变大，需留设的煤柱 宽度相应地变大。并深入研究了 F14 断层受应力场和渗流场两者同时影响下发生 突水的机理，在煤层采动过程中可明显可见的观测断层活化突水过程，揭示了五 沟矿 1011 工作面里段 F14 断层合理留设断层防水煤柱安全可行的开采机理和条 件，获得了理论上行之有效的结论；为大断层合理留设煤柱进行资源有效回收提 供安全可靠地科学依据。 图 46表 15参 42 关键词大断层、防水煤岩柱、相似模拟实验、数值模拟 分类号（TD823） 万方数据 II Abstract In accordance with the relevant rules of order, a large fault fracture zone must remain secure waterproof coal pillar set reasonable length, resulting in a large number of coal resources can not be fully exploited. In recent years, with the fine aspects of geophysical prospecting level, aquifer grouting reinforcement technology has improved continuously, the original fault waterproof coal pillar design approach has been seriously questioned. To do this in a “people-oriented, technology-mine safety and efficiency and reduce the loss of resources, the path of sustainable development,“ social purpose and philosophy. For the liberation by the threat of flooding and coal resources of both common faults limit the impact of research in affected both under reasonable coal pillar leaving in its scale technique is very important. In this paper, five coal mine in a mining area of South Face 1011 outside of F14 fault for the study, from research and F14 fault fractal geometry features associated structure to start, based on the analysis of mine water inflow projection data on the use of downhole geophysical exploration and drilling more multi-discipline means cooperate with each other, linking theory with practice, combining pioneering mine roadway, roadway Shimen exposing a mining area and south outer 1011 Face drilling, transient electromagnetic detection results, focus on the exploitation of its own fault F14 containing water conductivity characteristics and Fractal geometry feature F14 fault rock, physical and mechanical properties, water rationality energy, water conductivity, water-rich, mining safety and reliability as well as the possibility of activating grouting transation, and thus F14 faults and associated structures under the influence of mining damage movement and evolution law, guided analysis and forecasting of rich water, thereby proposed to be taken after the F14 fault on reasonable pillar mining of the theory is not removed Save program and limestone water disaster prevention countermeasures, Face entering fault waterproof pillar position effective control measures. On this basis, the need to focus on two-dimensional solid-liquid two-phase modeling experiment and use FLAC3D F14 fault for leaving in different coal pillar scale numerical simulation analysis, in-depth study of F14 fault that both stress and seepage fields at the same time mechanism occur under the influence of water inrush in coal mining process can be visible fault activation water inrush observation process, and reveals the mechanism of five coal mine mining segment in 1011 Face of F14 fault 万方数据 III reasonable fault waterproof pillar leaving in a safe and feasible and conditions effective to obtain a theoretical conclusions; the fault rational coal pillar leaving in efficient recovery of resources to provide safe and reliable scientific evidence. The results showed that when the coal seam near the fault, that fault zone “barrier“ effect, floor water burst will be increased sharply. With Face steadily, increasing the height of floor damage, increasing the degree of fault activation, confined water along the fault activation guide lift height increasing; through this trial showed that the safety of the prototype coal pillar width must be set to stay 40m. Application of Fracture Zone FLAC3D different widths simulated, the study found that coal mining causes of the impact and extent of the fault fracture zone gradually becomes difficult to control; water inrush danger gradually become larger, so leaving in coal pillar width accordingly becomes large. Figure46table15reference42 KeyWordsLarge fault，Waterproof coal pillar， Similar simulation， Numerical simulation Chinese books catalog TD823 万方数据 IV 目录 摘 要...............................................................................................................................II Abstract.........................................................................................................................II 插图清单.........................................................................................................................IX 附表清单.........................................................................................................................XI 第一章 绪 论...........................................................................................................- 1 - 1.1 课题研究的意义........................................................................................- 1 - 1.2 国内外研究现状........................................................................................- 2 - 1.3 论文的主要研究内容、方法和技术路线图.............................................- 4 - 1.3.1 论文的主要研究内容.....................................................................- 4 - 1.4 研究思路....................................................................................................- 5 - 第二章 论文研究的工程地质条件概况.................................................................- 7 - 2.1 工程地质特征............................................................................................- 7 - 2.1.1 地质区域特征.................................................................................- 7 - 2.1.2 10 煤层顶底板的划分....................................................................- 7 - 2.2 1011 工作面简况.....................................................................................- 10 - 2.3 1011 工作面开采技术条件.....................................................................- 10 - 2.3.1 1011 工作面顶底板岩性分析......................................................- 10 - 2.3.2 1011 工作面底板富水性分析......................................................- 11 - 第三章 1011 工作面外侧 F14 断层含、导水性研究及岩石力学实验..............- 14 - 3.1 F14 断层的地震控制...............................................................................- 15 - 3.2 F14 断层的富水性 TEM 法勘探...............................................................- 17 - 3.3 F14 断层的钻孔控制...............................................................................- 18 - 3.4 F14 断层的巷道揭露情况.......................................................................- 20 - 3.5 F14 断层带岩石特征...............................................................................- 22 - 3.6 F14 断层导水性评价...............................................................................- 22 - 3.7 岩块力学性能实验分析与结果..............................................................- 26 - 3.7.1 岩样加工与尺寸...........................................................................- 26 - 3.7.2 实验结果........................................................................................- 26 - 第四章 相似模拟试验研究分析断层突水...........................................................- 29 - 4.1相似理论................................................................................................- 29 - 4.2实验目的................................................................................................- 29 - 4.3相似模型实验设计................................................................................- 30 - 4.3.1 模拟对象.......................................................................................- 30 - 4.3.2 模型架与观测设备.......................................................................- 31 - 4.3.3 模拟采用的相似条件...................................................................- 31 - 4.3.4 相似配比与实验材料的制备.......................................................- 32 - 4.3.5 相似模拟实验模型的构建...........................................................- 35 - 4.3.6 开采设计与测点布设...................................................................- 39 - 4.4实验结果分析........................................................................................- 42 - 万方数据 V 4.4.1 开采对顶、底板岩层破坏特征的研究........................................- 42 - 4.4.2 开采对断层活化规律的影响.......................................................- 46 - 4.4.3 煤柱宽度不同，断层发生突水特征研究...................................- 49 - 第五章 1011 工作面断层煤柱开采水岩耦合演化与数值模拟分析..................- 52 - 5.1FLAC-3D 软件介绍与模型的建立.........................................................- 52 - 5.1.1 构建计算模型...............................................................................- 52 - 5.1.2 边界条件设定...............................................................................- 53 - 5.2计算参数................................................................................................- 53 - 5.3研究内容与计算方案............................................................................- 53 - 5.3.1 研究内容.......................................................................................- 53 - 5.3.2 计算方案.......................................................................................- 53 - 5.4计算结果分析........................................................................................- 54 - 5.4.1 断层活化受采动的影响...............................................................- 54 - 5.5F14 断层合理留设防水煤岩柱.............................................................- 62 - 5.5.1 依据“三下”规程公式计算留设高度.......................................- 62 - 5.5.2 依据“相似模拟试验”成果留设...............................................- 63 - 5.5.3 依据“数值模拟分析计算”成果留设.......................................- 63 - 5.5.4 依据相邻工作面实测成果资料留设...........................................- 63 - 5.61011 工作面采动底板水岩耦合及破坏深度预计...............................- 64 - 5.6.1 1011 工作面采动底板破坏高度预计..........................................- 64 - 5.6.2 “突水系数”法...........................................................................- 64 - 5.7F14 断层 1011 工作面中段缩小煤柱开采可行性分析.......................- 65 - 5.7.1 邻面的成功实践为 1011 工作面安全开采提供了良好的借鉴.- 65 - 5.7.2 开采技术条件好，顶板不易产生非均衡破坏，无强含水体...- 66 - 5.7.3 防砂煤岩柱岩性及力学强度.......................................................- 66 - 5.7.4 工作面进行了注浆改造...............................................................- 66 - 第六章 结论与展望...............................................................................................- 68 - 6.1 结论...........................................................................................................- 68 - 6.2 展望...........................................................................................................- 69 - 参考文献.............................................................................................................- 70 - 致谢.........................................................................................................................- 72 - 作者简介及读研期间主要科研成果.....................................................................- 73 - 万方数据 VI Contents Chapter ⅠⅠ Introduction..............................................................................................................................- 1 - 1.1 Significance of research...................................................................................................................- 1 - 1.2 Research status.................................................................................................................................- 2 - 1.3 The main research content, and technology roadmap........................................................ - 4 - 1.3.1 The main contents of the paper.............................................................................................- 4 - 1.4 Research ideas..................................................................................................................................- 5 - Chapter ⅡⅡ of the thesis of engineering geological conditions before...................................................- 7 - 2.1 Engineering Geological Features.....................................................................................................- 7 - 2.1.1 Regional geological features.................................................................................................- 7 - 2.1.2 10 coal seam of division........................................................................................................- 7 - 2.2 1011 Face Briefing.........................................................................................................................- 10 - 2.3 1011 Face mining conditions......................................................................................................... - 10 - 2.3.1 1011 Face roof and floor lithology..................................................................................... - 10 - 2.3.2 1011 Winning rich aqueous floor........................................................................................- 11 - Chapter ⅢⅢ Face the outside of F14 fault containing water conductivity analysis and experimental rock mechanics....................................................................................................................- 14 - 3.1 Earthquake fault control F14..........................................................................................................- 15 - 3.2 F14 faults rich aqueous TEM exploration......................................................................................- 17 - 3.3 F14 fault drilling control................................................................................................................- 18 - 3.4 F14 fault roadway uncovering....................................................................................................... - 20 - 3.5 F14 Characteristics of fault rocks.................................................................................................. - 22 - 3.6 F14 Fault water conductivity uation...