地表水与老空水影响下工作面开采安全性研究.pdf

硕士学位论文 地表水与老空水影响下工作面开采安全性 研究 Study on Safety of Working Face Mining under the Influence of Surface Water and Goaf Water 作 者何 垚 垚 导 师许进鹏教授 中国矿业大学 2019 年 06 月 万方数据 学位论文使用授权声明学位论文使用授权声明 本人完全了解中国矿业大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，同意本人所撰 写的学位论文的使用授权按照学校的管理规定处理 作为申请学位的条件之一， 学位论文著作权拥有者须授权所在学校拥有学位 论文的部分使用权，即①学校档案馆和图书馆有权保留学位论文的纸质版和电 子版，可以使用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编学位论文；②为教学和 科研目的，学校档案馆和图书馆可以将公开的学位论文作为资料在档案馆、图书 馆等场所或在校园网上供校内师生阅读、浏览。另外，根据有关法规，同意中国 国家图书馆保存研究生学位论文。 （保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权书） 。 作者签名 导师签名 年 月 日 年 月 日 万方数据 中图分类号 P641 学校代码 10290 UDC 626 密 级 公开 中国矿业大学 硕士学位论文 地表水与老空水影响下工作面开采安全性研究 Study on Safety of Working Face Mining under the Influence of Surface Water and Goaf Water 作 者 何垚 导 师 许进鹏 申请学位 工学硕士 培养单位 资源与地球科学学院 学科专业 地下水科学与工程 研究方向 矿井水害防治 答辩委员会主席 孙亚军 评 阅 人 匿名评审 二○一九年六月 万方数据 致谢致谢 时光荏苒，岁月如梭，三年的研究生时光如白驹过隙，转瞬即逝而我也即 将开始工作，步入人生新的阶段。蓦然回首，过往岁月历历在目，留念之情不禁 油然而生。谨借此机会，向在过去七年里给予我帮助与鼓励的所有人表达无限的 感激之情，并致以最诚挚的谢意 首先要感谢我的导师许进鹏教授。从本科实习期间跟随许老师学习开始，便 被许老师严谨治学的态度深深折服， 因此研究生期间便选择跟随许老师继续学习。 三年的研究生生活中，许老师不仅在学术上以严谨的治学态度、渊博的知识为我 指引方向；在生活上，与师母一同对我关怀备至。许老师不仅在学识上为我树立 了终生学习的榜样，而且许老师高尚的人格也在为人处世上为我树立了楷模。能 够师从许老师是我一生的荣幸，谨在此对恩师表达我最诚挚的感谢 感谢孙亚军教授、杨兰和教授、孔凡哲教授、杨国勇副教授、朱奎副教授、 王长申副教授、董贵明副教授、齐跃明副教授、徐智敏副教授在论文选题及写作 过程中给予的指导和帮助。 在三年的研究生生活中，得到了实验室兄弟姐妹的大力支持与帮助。感谢师 兄李杨、杜亚波、赵先鸣、刘仍阳、张梦飞等在研究生期间对我的关心与帮助； 感谢鹿存金、李龙飞、陈铭岳、赵珲等在试验过程中给予的大力协助与支持；感 谢同窗吴聿普、原泽文、李昂、杨飞、陈亚洲、姚明豪、王崇林、许怡然、吴问 丹、 何酉文、 杨海霞、 戴雁宇、 陈红影、 郭亚敏等在共同学习期间的帮助与支持； 感谢师弟师妹车明秀、徐鸿、王鑫、岳小雨、乐莉霞、张成行、王颖等在学习生 活上的关心与照顾。 感谢资源与地球科学学院的领导和老师们多年来在学习和生活上给予的关 心、支持和帮助 感谢我的家人在求学过程中的无私关爱， 他们的支持和理解给予了我无穷的 精神动力，他们永远是我人生奋斗的动力。 在论文的撰写过程中，参考了大量的文献和著作，在此向启迪我思路的国内 外学者致以崇高的敬意 最后衷心感谢各位专家和学者在百忙之中评审论文，由于作者能力有限，论 文中不免出现不足及疏漏敬请各位老师批评指正， 衷心希望得到您的指导与帮助 万方数据 I 摘摘 要要 马脊梁煤矿侏罗系煤炭资源已经开采完毕，目前开始开采石炭系煤层。8117 工作面位于一水平 301-2盘区，目前即将开采，所采煤层为石炭系 3 煤，工作面 地表为沟壑纵横的台地、丘陵，有马脊梁大沟穿越该工作面，而且上覆侏罗系地 层中的 2 煤、7 煤、11 煤、14 煤已被开采，形成了侏罗系采空区。因此该工作面 面临顶板侏罗系采空区老空水及地表马脊梁大沟河水的水害威胁。 为了评价 8117 工作面在地表水和老空水下开采的安全性，本文首先研究分 析了地表水与老空水的水力联系， 重点研究了石炭系 3 煤开采后的采动裂隙发育 规律 通过钻孔电视和注水试验等现场实测方法对位于 8220 工作面的 1817 钻孔 进行了观测，确定了采动裂隙在垂直方向上的变化规律，并与规程公式、数值模 拟、相似模型模拟的结果相对比，最终确定导水裂缝带的发育上限，并确定煤层 开采的裂采比。根据最终结果评价了 8117 工作面开采的安全性，为 8117 工作面 设计了限高开采方案，并设计了电法监测方案对导水裂缝带进行进一步监测。 具体工作量及取得的研究成果如下 （1）8117 工作面顶板存在大量侏罗系煤层采空区，而且地表有马脊梁大沟 及其支沟穿过。通过分析确定 2 煤老空区受到了地表马脊梁大沟河水的直接补 给，11 煤、14 煤采空区未受到地表水的直接补给。 （2）对 1817 孔进行了钻孔电视观测，统计了埋深 310-400m 段的裂隙、离 层发育情况。主要结论有①总裂隙面积在埋深 310-330m 段较小，从埋深 330m 处开始变大，在埋深 380-400m 段急剧增大。②离层在埋深 310-350m 段比埋深 350-400m 段更发育。通过钻孔电视方法确定导水裂缝带的发育高度为 150m。 （3）在 1817 孔埋深 310-400m 段进行了注水试验，观测了透水率、渗透系 数的变化情况。渗透系数从埋深 340m 处开始增大，在埋深 380m 处渗透系数再 次增大。根据注水试验确定导水裂缝带的发育高度为 140m。 （4）根据距 1817 孔最近的 2014-7 孔资料分析了顶板覆岩岩性，采用不同 的顶板岩性类型，使用规程提供的不同公式，导水裂缝带发育高度在 51.42～ 84.58m 之间。相似模型模拟的导水裂缝带高度为 100～120m，数值模拟的导水 裂缝带高度为 120～140m。 （5）将钻孔电视、注水试验、规程公式、相似模型模拟、数值模拟的结果 相对比，最终采用现场实测的结果，即导水裂缝带的发育高度为 150m，裂采比 为 24.27 倍。 万方数据 II （6）根据最终结论评价了 8117 工作面开采的安全性，工作面的大部分区域 不符合规范要求。为了工作面的安全开采，为 8117 工作面设计了限高方案，并 设计了孔间电法物探方案对导水裂缝带进行进一步监测。 该论文有图 55 幅，表 24 个，参考文献 118 篇。 关键词关键词导水裂缝带；顶板水害；老空水害；钻孔电视；注水试验 万方数据 III Abstract The coal mining in the Jurassic of the Majiliang coal mine has being completion, and the Carboniferous system is currently being deepened. The 8117 working face is located in a horizontal 301-2 panel, which is about to be mined. The coal seam is the Carboniferous 3 coal. The working face is the hills and terraces of the valley. The Majiliang ditch pass through the working face. and 2 coal, 7 coal, 11 coal, 14 coal in the overlying Jurassic strata have been mined, ing a Jurassic goaf. Therefore, the working face is threatened by water damage from the old empty water in the Jurassic goaf and the large ditch on the surface of the horses spine. In order to uate the safety of 8117 working face mining in surface water and old air, in this paper,first study the hydraulic connection between surface water and goaf water, focus on sudy the development law of mining fissure after mining of Carboniferous 3 coal through the field measurement such as drilling TV and water injection test, the 1817 borehole located at 8220 working surface is observed. The variation law of mining crack in the vertical direction is counted, and it is calculated with the ula calculation, model simulation and numerical simulation. In contrast, the upper limit of the development height of the water-conducting fracture zone is finally determined, and the crack-production ratio of coal seam mining is determined. Finally, the safety of the 8117 face mining was uated based on the observations at the 8220 working face, and a high-limit mining plan and electrical monitoring program was designed for the 8117 face to prevent roof water damage. The specific workload and research results obtained are as follows 1 There are a large number of Jurassic coal seam goafs on the top surface of the 8117 working face, and the surface of the horses spine and its branch trenches pass through. Through analysis, it is determined that the 2 coal old airspace is directly replenished by the surface of the Majilianggou River, and the 11 coal and 14 coal goafs are not directly replenished by surface water. 2 The 1817 hole was drilled and TV observation, and the crack and separation development of the buried depth of 310-400m were counted. The main conclusions are as follows 1 The total fracture area is smaller at the depth of 310-330m, and becomes larger from the depth of 330m, and increases sharply at the depth of 380-400m. 2 The abscission layer is more developed in the 310-350m section of the buried depth than 万方数据 IV the 350-400m section of the buried depth. The water flowing fractured zone determined by drilling TV is developed to a height of 150 m. 3 A water injection test was carried out in the 310-400 m section of the 1817 hole depth, and the changes in water permeability and permeability coefficient were observed. The permeability coefficient increases from 340m deep, and the permeability coefficient increases again at a depth of 380m. According to the results of the water injection test, the development height of The water flowing fractured zone determined is 140m. 4 According to the recent 2014-7 hole data from the 1817 hole, the lithology of the roof overburden was analyzed. Different roof lithology types were used, and the different ulas provided by the regulations were used. The development height of The water flowing fractured zone determined was between 51.42 and 84.58m. The height of the water-conducting fracture zone simulated by the model is 150m, and the numerical simulation of the water flowing fractured zone is 120m. 5 The results of drilling TV, water injection test, ula calculation, model simulation and numerical simulation are compared. Finally, the results of on-site measurement are taken, that is, the development height of the water flowing fractured zone is 150m, and the crack-production ratio is 24.27 times. 6 According to the observation results, the safety of the 8117 working face during mining was uated, and most of the working face did not meet the requirements of the specification. In order to safely mine the working face, a height limit scheme was designed for the 8117 working face, and the inter-hole electrical is designed to further monitor the water flowing fractured zone. This paper has 55 figures, 24 tables, 118 references. Keywords the water flowing fractured zone; roof flood; goaf water hazards; borehole television set; water pressure test 万方数据 V 目目 录录 摘摘 要要 ........................................................................................................................... I 目目 录录 .......................................................................................................................... V 图清单图清单 ........................................................................................................................ IX 表清单表清单 ..................................................................................................................... XIII 变量注释表变量注释表 ............................................................................................................... XV 1 绪论绪论 ........................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 研究背景及意义..................................................................................................... 1 1.2 国内外研究现状..................................................................................................... 2 1.3 研究内容及技术路线............................................................................................. 6 2 研究区概况研究区概况 ............................................................................................................... 9 2.1 矿区概况................................................................................................................. 9 2.2 井田地质............................................................................................................... 11 2.3 水文地质............................................................................................................... 15 3 8117 工作面地工作面地表水与老空水水力联系研究表水与老空水水力联系研究 ......................................................... 23 3.1 8117 工作面水文地质概况 ................................................................................... 23 3.2 侏罗系老空水概况............................................................................................... 33 3.3 本章小结............................................................................................................... 38 4 导水裂缝带高度的钻孔电视观测研究导水裂缝带高度的钻孔电视观测研究 ................................................................. 39 4.1 8220 工作面及 1817 孔概况................................................................................. 39 4.2 钻孔电视原理....................................................................................................... 40 4.3 观测过程............................................................................................................... 42 4.4 观测结果及分析................................................................................................... 43 4.5 本章小结............................................................................................................... 58 5 注水试验研究注水试验研究 ......................................................................................................... 59 5.1 注水试验原理及仪器........................................................................................... 59 5.2 观测过程............................................................................................................... 63 5.3 注水试验数据分析............................................................................................... 63 5.4 实测结果对比....................................................................................................... 71 5.5 本章小结............................................................................................................... 72 万方数据 VI 6 8117 工作面安全性评价及水害防治方案设计工作面安全性评价及水害防治方案设计 ..................................................... 73 6.1 导水裂缝带高度最终确定................................................................................... 73 6.2 8117 工作面开采安全性评价 ............................................................................... 76 6.3 8117 工作面防治水方案设计 ............................................................................... 81 6.4 本章小结............................................................................................................... 86 7 结论与展望结论与展望 ............................................................................................................. 87 7.1 主要结论............................................................................................................... 87 7.2 展望....................................................................................................................... 87 参考文献参考文献 ..................................................................................................................... 89 作者简历作者简历 ..................................................................................................................... 96 学位论文原创性声明学位论文原创性声明 ................................................................................................. 97 学位论文数据集学位论文数据集 ......................................................................................................... 98 万方数据 VII Contents Abstract ......................................................................................................................... I Contents ....................................................................................................................... V List of Figures ............................................................................................................ IX List of Tables ........................................................................................................... XIII List of Variables........................................................................................................ XV 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Research Background and Significance ................................................................... 1 1.2 Research Status at Home and Abroad ...................................................................... 2 1.3 Research Content and Technical Route ................................................................... 6 2 Survey of The Research Area ................................................................................... 9 2.1 General Situation of Mining Area ............................................................................ 9 2.2 Mine Geology ........................................................................................................ 11 2.3 Hydrogeology ........................................................................................................ 15 3 Hydraulic Connection Between Surface Water and Goaf Water in 8117 Working Face.............................................................................................................................. 23 3.1 General Situation of Hydrogeology in 8117 Working Face ................................... 23 3.2 General Situation of Jurassic Goaf Water .............................................................. 33 3.3 Summary ................................................................................................................ 38 4 Study on TV Observation of the Height of Water Conducting Fracture Zone . 39 4.1 General Situation of 8220 Working Face and 1817 Holes ..................................... 39 4.2 The Principle of