平鲁区煤矿采空塌陷治理模式研究.pdf

工程硕士专业学位论文 平鲁区煤矿采空塌陷治理模式研究 Study on the control model of Coal Mine Goaf Collapse in Pinglu District 作者张金凤 导师 赵 莉副教授 中国矿业大学 二〇一九年十二月 学位论文使用授权声明学位论文使用授权声明 本人完全了解中国矿业大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，同意本人所 撰写的学位论文的使用授权按照学校的管理规定处理 作为申请学位的条件之一，学位论文著作权拥有者须授权所在学校拥有学 位论文的部分使用权，即①学校档案馆和图书馆有权保留学位论文的纸质版 和电子版，可以使用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编学位论文；②为 教学和科研目的，学校档案馆和图书馆可以将公开的学位论文作为资料在档案 馆、图书馆等场所或在校园网上供校内师生阅读、浏览。另外，根据有关法 规，同意中国国家图书馆保存研究生学位论文。 （保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权书）。 作者签名导师签名 年月日年月日 中图分类号学校代码10290 UDC密级公开 中国矿业大学 工程硕士专业学位论文 平鲁区煤矿采空塌陷治理模式研究 Study on the control model of Coal Mine Goaf Collapse in Pinglu District 作者张金凤导师赵莉副教授 申请学位 工程硕士学位培养单位管理学院 学科专业项目管理研究方向煤矿采空塌陷治理模式 答辩委员会主席王华清评 阅 人 二○一九年十二月 致致 谢谢 时光荏苒，韶华易逝，转眼间在中国矿业大学学习的美好时光就要画上句 号。在毕业论文的写作和设计过程中，首先要衷心感谢我的导师，她在我这几 年的学习和生活上给予了无微不至的关怀，对我的论文写作进行悉心指导，并 不厌其烦的督促和修改。其次，要感谢我的同窗，在日常学习和生活中给了我 热情的帮助，在论文资料查询和框架搭建上，给了我巨大的帮助。最后我要感 谢我的家人，作为一名在职研究生，最大的困难就是协调家庭、工作和学习， 我的家人对我的学习给予了充分的体谅和支持，让我可以心无旁骛的投入到学 习中来。最后对大家说一声谢谢 I 摘摘 要要 我国是产煤大国，煤炭是最主要的能源之一。煤炭的过度开采导致许多产 煤区煤炭资源枯竭，地下形成空腔导致地面塌陷。煤炭采空区塌陷会造成耕地 破坏、水土流失，在影响经济发展、威胁居民人身安全的同时，还会导致社会 矛盾激化。 本文在对国内外文献归纳和总结的基础上，综合现有的研究成果，提出了 煤矿采空区塌陷治理模式，即在现有政策、财政等外部保障条件下，通过分析 煤矿采空区存在的具体问题确定治理思路，进一步在治理思路的指导下采取人 员迁出、生态恢复、土地复垦、迁入地建设、民生建设等措施，达到煤矿采空 塌陷区生态恢复、产业重建和社会发展的目的。 基于上述治理思路和措施，本文构建了煤矿采空区塌陷治理的理论模型， 并在此模型的基础上，结合平鲁煤矿采空区的实际情况，概括分析了平鲁区现 有的政策保障、面临的主要问题、塌陷治理的工作思路和监督反馈措施，并指 出了平鲁区在塌陷治理工作中存在的不足。 本文提出了煤矿采空区塌陷治理模式的理论模型，结合案例分析，针对平 鲁区治理工作的实际问题，提出了相应的政策建议，对于煤矿采空区塌陷治理 工作具有一定的借鉴和指导意义。 该论文有图 8 幅，表 12 个，参考文献 43 篇。 【关键词】【关键词】煤矿采空区；塌陷；人口迁出；生态恢复；土地复垦；产业恢复 II Abstract China is a big coal producer, where coal is one of the most important energy sources. Over exploitation of coal leads to the exhaustion of coal resources in many coal producing areas, which brings about underground cavities and leads to ground collapse. The collapse of coal mine will cause the destruction of cultivated land and soil erosion, which will not only bring negative affection on economic development and threaten the personal safety of residents, but also lead to the intensification of social conflicts. Based on the summary of the domestic and foreign literature and the existing research results, this paper puts forward the treatment mode of coal mine goaf Collapse. The treatments will be carried out with the existing policy, financial and other external security conditions. Besides, this paper puts forward the measures such as population migration, ecological restoration, land reclamation and industry recovery based on the analysis of the specific problems existing in the goaf of coal mine to achieve the purpose of ecological restoration, industrial reconstruction and social development in the Coal Mine Goaf Collapse Area. Based on the above ideas and measures, this paper constructs a theoretical model of Mine Goaf Collapse Treatment. This paper summarizes and analyzes the existing policy, main problems, working ideas and supervision measures of the collapse treatment in Pinglu district combined with the actual situation of goaf in Pinglu coal mine with this model. Meanwhile, it points out the deficiencies of the collapse control work in Pinglu. This paper puts forward the theoretical model of the treatment mode of coal mine goaf collapse and takes Pinglu as a case,which gives policy suggestions for the practical problems of Pinglu. It has certain reference and guiding significance for the treatment of Coal Mine Goaf Collapse. Key Words Goaf of Coal Mine ； Collapse;Population Migration ； Ecological Restoration; Land Reclamation; Industry Recovery III 目录目录 摘摘要要..........................................................................................................................I I 目目录录......................................................................................................................I IIIII 图清单图清单........................................................................................................................VIIVII 表清单表清单......................................................................................................................VIIIVIII 1 1 绪绪论论........................................................................................................................1 1 1.1 研究背景................................................................................................................1 1.2 研究的目的与意义.................................................................................................2 1.3 研究内容、研究方法与技术路线.........................................................................3 2 2 相关概念和基本理论相关概念和基本理论................................................................................................5 5 2.1采煤塌陷区概念界定..........................................................................................5 2.2 采空区塌陷成因分析和危害研究综述................................................................5 2.3 煤炭采空区塌陷治理的研究综述........................................................................7 2.4 相关研究综述.......................................................................................................11 2.5 总结与评述...........................................................................................................15 3 3 煤矿采空区塌陷治理模式与理论模型分析煤矿采空区塌陷治理模式与理论模型分析..........................................................1717 3.1 煤炭采空区治理的政策支持..............................................................................17 3.2 煤矿采空区塌陷治理的难点与思路..................................................................18 3.3 煤矿采空区塌陷治理的具体措施......................................................................20 3.4 煤矿采空区塌陷治理的理论模型......................................................................26 4 4 基于塌陷治理模型的平鲁区案例分析基于塌陷治理模型的平鲁区案例分析..................................................................2828 4.1 平鲁煤矿采空区治理的政策支持......................................................................28 4.2 平鲁煤矿采空区发展概况和主要问题..............................................................30 4.3 平鲁煤矿采空区塌陷治理的主要思路..............................................................34 4.4 平鲁煤矿采空区塌陷治理的具体措施..............................................................36 4.5 平鲁煤矿采空区塌陷治理工作的反馈与评价..................................................44 5 5 平鲁煤矿采空区塌陷治理的对策建议平鲁煤矿采空区塌陷治理的对策建议..................................................................4747 5.1 从区域实际出发开展治理工作..........................................................................47 5.2 保障经济发展，促进产业转型升级..................................................................48 5.3 注重和保障民生...................................................................................................48 IV 5.4 完善塌陷治理工作评价体系..............................................................................49 6 6 总总结结......................................................................................................................5050 6.1 研究结论..............................................................................................................50 6.2 本文的创新点......................................................................................................50 6.3 本文的不足..........................................................................................................51 6.4 后续研究展望......................................................................................................51 参考文献参考文献......................................................................................................................5252 作者简历作者简历......................................................................................................................5555 学位论文原创性声明学位论文原创性声明..................................................................................................5656 学位论文数据集学位论文数据集..........................................................................................................5757 V Contents Abstract........................................................................................................................II Contents........................................................................................................................V List of Figures...........................................................................................................VII List of tables............................................................................................................VIII 1 Introduction...............................................................................................................1 1.1 Research Background...............................................................................................1 1.2 Significance and Purpose of Research.....................................................................2 1.3 Content, Research and Technical Route of Research.................................3 2 Literature Review and Research Progress............................................................. 5 2.1 Summary of Basic Theory....................................................................................... 5 2.2 the Analysis andResearch of Cause and Damages of Coal Goaf.............................6 2.3 Summary of Research on Collapse Control of Coal Goaf.......................................7 2.4 Literature Review...................................................................................................11 2.5 Summary and Comments.......................................................................................15 3 Collapse control model and theoretical Model Analysis of Coal Goaf...............17 3.1 Policy Support for Coal Goaf Governance............................................................ 17 3.3 Difficulties and Ideas of Collapse Control in Goaf of Coal Mine......................... 18 3.4 Specific Measures for Collapse Control of Mined-out Areas in Coal Mines........20 3.5 Theoretical Model of Collapse Control in Goaf of Coal Mine..............................26 4 Case Study of Pinglu District Based on Collapse Control Model.......................28 4.1 Policy Support for Goaf Governance in Pinglu Coal Mine................................... 28 4.2 General Situation and Main Problems of Goaf Development in Pinglu Coal Mine ..................................................................................................................................30 4.3 Main Ideas for the Treatment of Goaf Collapse in Pinglu Coal Mine...................34 4.4 Specific Measures for Collapse Treatment of Goaf in Pinglu Coal Mine............. 36 4.5 Deficiencies of Goaf Collapse Control in Pinglu Coal Mine and Suggestions for the Next Stage Treatment.........................................................................................44 VI 5 Policy Suggestions on Collapse Control of Goaf in Coal Mine...........................47 5.1 Continue to strengthen the control of Coal Mine Goaf Collapse...........................47 5.2 Improving the uation System of Collapse Control Work...............................48 5.3 Focus on and Guarantee Peoples Livelihood........................................................48 5.4Times New Roman6 Summary...............................................................................49 6 Summary..................................................................................................................50 6.1 Research Conclusion..............................................................................................50 6.2 Innovation of This Paper........................................................................................50 6.3 Deficiencies of This Paper.....................................................................................51 6.4 Future Research Prospects .................................................................................... 51 References...................................................................................................................52 Authors Resume........................................................................................................55 Declaration of Thesis..................................................................................................56 Collection.................................................................................................................... 57 VII 图清单图清单 图序号图名称页码 图 1-1本文技术路线图4 Figure 1-1Technical roadmap for this article4 图 2-1研究综述结构图17 Figure 2-1Structural diagram of research review17 图 3-1煤炭采空塌陷区治理思路21 Figure 3-1Thoughts on the Control of Coal Mined-out Subsidence Area21 图 3-2采煤塌陷裂缝图23 Figure 3-2Crack map of coal mining subsidence23 图 3-3采煤塌陷区俯瞰图24 Figure 3-3Overview of coal mining subsidence area24 图 3-4煤矿采空区塌陷治理的理论模型示意图28 Figure 3-4 Schematic diagram of theoretical model of Goaf Collapse control in coal mine 28 图 4-1平鲁区地图33 Figure 4-1Map of Pinglu District33 图 4-2平鲁区治理总体技术路线图36 Figure 4-2General Technical Roadmap of Pinglu District Governance36 VIII 表清单表清单 表序号表名称页码 表 3-1我国煤炭开采区环境治理政策统计表18 Table 3-1 Statistics of Environmental Governance Policies in Coal Mining Areas in China 18 表 4-1山西省煤炭采空沉陷区治理政策统计表29 Table 4-1 Statistical Table of Coal Mined-out Subsidence Area Governance Policies in Shanxi Province 29 表 4-2平鲁区各乡镇常驻人口数统计表34 Table 4-2 Statistical Table of Permanent Population of Towns and Towns in Pinglu District 34 表 4-3平鲁区人口迁移与安置进度表38 Table 4-3Schedule of population migration and resettlement in Pinglu District38 表 4-4平鲁区具体村庄搬迁安置布局表39 Table 4-4 Layout of relocation and resettlement of specific villages in Pinglu District 39 表 4-5东南片区拓荒造绿工程规划表40 Table 4-5Planning Table of Pioneering and Greening Projects in Southeast China40 表 4-6东南片区沃土工程规划表41 Table 4-6Planning table for fertile soil engineering in southeastern China41 表 4-7新型城镇化体系一览表42 Table 4-7List of New Urbanization Systems42 表 4-8平鲁东南片区农业发展指引表43 Table 4-8Guidelines for Agricultural Development in Southeast Pinglu43 表 4-9平鲁区五大园区发展指引表44 Table 4-9Guidelines for the Development of Five Parks in Pinglu District44 表 4-10平鲁区服务业发展指引表44 Table 4-10Guidelines for the Development of Service Industry in Pinglu District44 表 4-11区块内部（新型社区）其他公共服务设施布局表45 Table 4-11 Layout Table of Other Public Service Facilities within the Block New Community 45 1 绪论 1 1 1 绪绪论论 1 1 IntroductionIntroduction 1.1 研究背景（ Research Background） 1.1.1 政策背景 工业革命以来，工业化长时间占据世界经济发展的重要位置。新中国成立 后，我国为尽快完成工业化，大举推行“大跃进”和“大炼钢铁”活动，而煤 炭和钢铁作为工业发展的基础原料，是我国经济赖以发展的重要资源。随着改 革开放的不断深入和产业结构的优化升级，我国经济结构从计划经济时代的工 农主导，逐步演化成依靠投资、消费、进出口拉动为主，煤炭和钢铁的生产资 料位置有所弱化。客观上，随着工业化的深入，社会对煤炭等自然资源的需求 不断扩大，因此协调经济发展与生态环境的矛盾成为重要的课题。而煤炭采空 区塌陷问题的出现，一方面是工业化进程的必然结果，另一方面也是经济发展 与环境保护矛盾的重要表现。 党的十九大报告中明确将节约资源和保护环境确定为我国的基本国策，同 时要加大生态保护力度，坚持新发展理念，坚决保护生态系统并修复生态系统 中较为突出的问题。针对重大生态系统重建工程和生态破坏较为严重的区域， 要实施生态系统重建工程，坚持可持续发展、绿色发展，坚决制止破坏环境的 行为，为我国自然环境建设有力的保护屏障。 2015 年 10 月，增强生态文明建 设在十八届五中全会后首度被写入国家五年规划。2018 年 3 月，第十三届全国 人民代表大会通过的宪法修正案，将领导和管理经济工作和城乡建设、生态文 明建设正式写入宪法。如何恢复煤炭采空区生态环境，探索治理采空区塌陷问 题的模式成为当前我国建设生态文明的重要课题。 1.1.2 案例背景 本文选取山西省朔州市平鲁区为研究对象，旨在研究煤矿采空区塌陷治理 模式。平鲁区是山西省的产煤大县之一，进入八十年代，煤炭资源优势得到充 分发挥，在山西能源重化工基地建设中占据重要地位。多年来，平鲁区煤炭产 业发展为经济发展做出突出贡献的同时也不断并越来越多地承受着因采煤塌 陷、生态破坏、环境污染带来的严重危害。平鲁区现有各类煤矿 27 座，核定生 产能力 12380 万吨/年，其中