露天煤矿排土场土石混合体力学实验及其强度重构机理研究.pdf

博士学位论文 露天煤矿排土场土石混合体力学实验及其 强度重构机理研究 Mechnical Experimental Research and Strength Reconstruction Mechanism of Soil-rock Mixture Mass in Surface Coal Mines 作 者张天文 导 师才庆祥 教授 中国矿业大学 二○一七年五月 万方数据 中图分类号 TD824 学校代码 10290 UDC 622 密 级 公开 中国矿业大学 博士学位论文 露天煤矿排土场土石混合体力学实验及其强度重构机理研 究 Mechnical Experimental Research and Strength Reconstruction Mechanism of Soil-rock Mixture Mass in Surface Coal Mines 作 者 张天文 导 师 才庆祥 申请学位 工学博士 培养单位 矿业工程学院 学科专业 露天开采 研究方向 边坡工程 答辩委员会主席 蒋金泉 评 阅 人 盲审 二○一七年五月 万方数据 学位论文使用授权声明 学位论文使用授权声明 本人完全了解中国矿业大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，同意本人所撰 写的学位论文的使用授权按照学校的管理规定处理 作为申请学位的条件之一， 学位论文著作权拥有者须授权所在学校拥有学位 论文的部分使用权，即①学校档案馆和图书馆有权保留学位论文的纸质版和电 子版，可以使用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编学位论文；②为教学和 科研目的，学校档案馆和图书馆可以将公开的学位论文作为资料在档案馆、图书 馆等场所或在校园网上供校内师生阅读、浏览。另外，根据有关法规，同意中国 国家图书馆保存研究生学位论文。 （保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权书） 。 作者签名 导师签名 年 月 日 年 月 日 万方数据 致 谢 致 谢 在论文的研究和写作过程中， 自始至终都得到了导师才庆祥教授 的悉心指导和亲切关怀。从论文的选题、研究思路、理论分析直到论 文的成稿，无不浸透着导师的心血。导师渊博的知识、严谨求实的治 学态度、 谦虚谨慎的高贵品质以及忘我的专业奉献精神和对科学的执 著追求深深的感染了我，值此论文完成之际，特向导师才庆祥教授表 示衷心的感谢和崇高的敬意 作者在完成论文期间， 得到了中国矿业大学露天开采与边坡工程 研究所各位老师的热情帮助和大力支持，在此向李克民教授、尚涛教 授、舒继森教授、姬长生教授、车兆学教授、周伟教授、彭洪阁副教 授、陈树召讲师和丁小华讲师、韩流讲师表示衷心的感谢 在论文的写作过程中得到了时旭阳博士、秦梓赫硕士、王利军硕 士和李新鹏硕士等的帮助，在博士研究生学习期间，中国矿业大学矿 业工程学院和研究生院的有关领导、 老师给予了我无微不至的关怀和 指导，在此一并致以诚挚的谢意 感谢在参考文献中列出的以及没有列出的所有给予我启发的研 究成果的作者 在攻读博士学位和工作期间，得到了家人的理解、支持和鼓励， 在此致以深深的谢意 感谢在百忙中抽出时间悉心评阅本论文和参与答辩的各位专家 张天文 2017 年 05 月 10 日 万方数据 I 摘摘 要要 论文基于时效边坡理论，综合运用固结理论、摩尔-库伦准则、极限平衡理 论等方法对露天矿排土场岩、 土剥离物集中混合堆载所产生的重构胶结特性进行 研究。取得了以下成果 （1）基于推剪、压剪试验两种原位实验的技术特征，提出了土石混合体原 位剪切改进实验方案。根据压缩理论和堆载体的换算重力，建立了土石混合体的 沉降量计算公式；根据孔隙度变化模型建立土石混合体有效抗剪强度的表达式。 （2）根据土石混合体强度重构的影响因素，建立了相应的影响因素结构体 系，基于摩尔-库伦准则建立了土石混合体抗剪强度表达式，并结合剪切破坏模 型，描述了土石混合体基本的破坏形式。通过重构实验揭示了重构压力、重构时 间这两个关键因素与土石混合体抗剪强度参数的关系， 重构压力的增长造成土石 混合体平均黏聚力呈二次函数规律增长， 重构时间增长造成土石混合体黏聚力呈 对数规律递减。 （3）根据土石混合体中块石的尺寸效应和分布密度，建立了排土场中的大 块出现剪切破坏和滚动失稳两种破坏模式的力学方程。基于极限平衡理论，给出 了排土场圆弧滑坡的稳定系数的修正计算公式， 并采用数值模拟方法进行了不同 大块分布条件下的稳定性评价， 揭示了块度比和大块分布的密集度这两个因素对 于土石混合体边坡稳定性的影响规律。 基于排土场的作业程序和不同层位土石混 合体力学强度的分布规律， 分别进行了多层平行推进排土和逐层排土这两种方案 的边坡稳定性评价，得到了动态排土过程中的稳定性变化规律。 （4） 根据龙桥排土场基底的倾斜结构建立力学模型， 并给出了基底满足 “自 锁”条件的判别条件。龙桥排土场下部和上部基底满足“自锁”条件；而“中部” 区域基底处于解锁状态， 而且下部排土场所提供的有效抗滑力大于中部排土场的 剩余下滑力，排土场基底满足稳定条件。采用极限平衡和有限元两种分析方法分 别对排土场的二维和三维稳定性进行评价， 得到了排土场稳定系数随着高度增大 不断降低，并且下降的速度逐渐变慢。 该论文有图 78 幅，表 15，参考文献 112 篇。 关键词关键词排土场；土石混合体；强度重构；时效特性；力学实验；稳定性分析 万方数据 II Abstract This paper researched on the physical and mechanical properties of the mixed rock-soil material in the dump of open-pit mine, based on timeliness slope theory, consolidation theory, limit equilibrium theory and Mohr-Coulomb criteria. 1 The auther put forward a new improving in-situ shear test for the mixed rock-soil material after analyzing two kinds of in-situ tests, push-shear test and load-shear test. According to the compression theory, the converted gravity of the dumping material and porosity variation model, the settlement ula of the mixed rock-soil material and the ula of effective shear strength were established. 2 Besides, the dissertation put forward the structure system of the corresponding impact factors considering the affecting factors in the remodeling process, and established the shear strength ula the mixed rock-soil material based on the Mohr-Coulomb criteria. The essay also described the basic failure s of the mixed rock-soil material combining with the shear failure model. Remodeling experiments revealed the relationships between cohesion and remodeling time and pressure the cohesion of the mixed rock-soil material resulting from the growth of remodeling pressure was growing with quadratic function and the cohesion of the mixed rock-soil material resulting from the growth of the remodeling time was decreasing logarithmic. 3 According to the size effect and the distribution density of the mixed rock-soil material, the mechanical equations of two failure modes, which are shear failure and rolling instability when bigger block rock existed, were established. Based on the limit equilibrium theory, the essay put forward the modified calculation ula of stability coefficient of dumping site with arc-landslide, and uated the stability of the dumping site in different bulk distribution conditions using the numerical simulation . The essay revealed the two factors of block ratio and bulk concentration on mixed rock-soil material slope stability influence. Based on the operating procedures of dumping sites and distribution law of mechanical property of the mixed rock-soil material in different layers, the essay get the change rule of the dynamic stability of dumping sites according to analyzing the development of dumping sites stability in two s, multilayer parallel development of dumping and dumping with layer by layer. 4 The dissertation established mechanical model based on the inclined structure 万方数据 III of Longqiao dumping sites and put forward the discrimination condition for self-locking criteria. After analyzing the practical condition, Longqiao dumping sites met the condition of locking in top basal as well as bottom basal but the middle basal was unlocking. Besides, the effective anti sliding force from lower section of dumping site was bigger than the sliding force from the middle section, so the dumping site kept stable. What’s more, the essay uated the stability of the slope of the Longqiao dumping site in two-dimensional and three-dimensional ways using two kinds of s of limit equilibrium and finite element analysis and obtained that the stability coefficient of dumping site was decreasing with the growth of the height and the decreasing speed slowed down gradually. This dissertation includes 78 figures, 15 tables, and 112 pieces of reference. Key words waste dump; soil-rock mixture rock mass; strength reconstruction; timeliness properties; mechanics experiment; stability analysis 万方数据 IV 目 录 目 录 摘摘 要要 I 目目 录录 IV 图清单图清单 VIII 表清单表清单 XIV 变量注释表变量注释表 XVI 1 绪论绪论 1 1.1 选题背景与研究意义............................................................................................. 1 1.2 国内外研究现状..................................................................................................... 4 1.3 主要研究内容和方法........................................................................................... 13 1.4 创新点................................................................................................................... 15 2 土石混合体力学实验方法分类与实验方案设计土石混合体力学实验方法分类与实验方案设计 ................................................. 17 2.1 实验方法分类....................................................................................................... 17 2.2 原位实验方法与技术........................................................................................... 18 2.3 土石混合体常规原位实验................................................................................... 20 2.4 土石混合体原位剪切改进实验........................................................................... 24 2.5 本章小结............................................................................................................... 26 3 土石混合体力学参数时效性特征土石混合体力学参数时效性特征 28 3.1 土石混合体力学参数时效性特征分析............................................................... 29 3.2 土石混合体重构物理实验方案设计................................................................... 32 3.3 土石混合体重构之后的物理力学实验............................................................... 34 3.4 本章小结............................................................................................................... 49 4 土石混合体强度重构机理研究土石混合体强度重构机理研究 51 4.1 土石混合体强度重构影响因素分析................................................................... 51 4.2 土石混合体强度判据准则及基本破坏形式....................................................... 52 4.3 土石混合体力学模型构建与评价方法............................................................... 56 4.4 排土场土石混合体强度重构时空分布规律及时效稳定性评价....................... 61 4.5 本章小结............................................................................................................... 65 5 龙桥排土场原位实验及稳定性评价龙桥排土场原位实验及稳定性评价 66 5.1 龙桥排土场地质概况........................................................................................... 66 万方数据 V 5.2 地形特征............................................................................................................... 67 5.2 龙桥排土场土石混合体实验方案....................................................................... 69 5.3 龙桥排土场浅表层原位实验............................................................................... 71 5.4 龙桥排土场深部岩土力学测试........................................................................... 82 5.5 龙桥排土场稳定性评价....................................................................................... 85 5.6 本章小结............................................................................................................... 93 6 结论结论 94 参考文献参考文献 96 作者简介作者简介 103 学位论文原创性声明学位论文原创性声明 104 学位论文数据集学位论文数据集 105 万方数据 VI Contents Abstract ........................................................................................................................ II Contents ..................................................................................................................... VI List of Figures ......................................................................................................... VIII List of Tables ........................................................................................................... XIV List of Variables...................................................................................................... XVI 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Research Background and Significance ................................................................... 1 1.2 Studies at Home and Aboard .................................................................................... 4 1.3 Research Aim and ology ............................................................................ 13 1.4 Innovation Points ................................................................................................... 15 2 Experiment Classification and Scheme Design for Soil-rock-mixture Mass ............................................................................................................................. 17 2.1 Experimental Classification...................................................................... 17 2.2 In-situ Experimental and Technology ....................................................... 18 2.3 Conventional In-situ Experiment for Soil-rock Mixture Mass .............................. 20 2.4 The Improved In-suit Shear Experiment for Soil-rock Mixture Mass ................... 24 2.5 Summary ................................................................................................................ 26 3 Timeliness Characteristics of Soil-rock Mixture Mechanics Parameters .......... 28 3.1 Analysis of Timeliness Characteristics of Soil-rock Mixture Mass Mechanics Parameters .................................................................................................................... 29 3.2 The Design of Physics Experiment Model for Soil-rock Mixture Mass Reconstruction ............................................................................................................. 32 3.3 The Physical and Mechanical Experiment of Reconstruction Soil-rock mixture mass.............................................................................................................................. 34 3.4 Summry .................................................................................................................. 49 4 Intensity Reconstruction Mechanism of Soil-rock Mixture Rock Mass ............ 51 4.1 The Influence Factors Analysis of Soil-rock Mixture Rock Mass Remodling Strength ........................................................................................................................ 51 4.2 The Strength Criterion and Basic Failure Modes of Soil-rock Mixture Rock Mass ...................................................................................................................................... 52 万方数据 VII 4.3 The Mechanical Model Establishment and uation of Soil-rock Mixture Mass ............................................................................................................... 56 4.4 Time and Space Distribution Rule of Soil-rock Mixture Rock Mass Strength Reconstruction and T