莒山煤矿3＃厚煤层下分层复采技术研究.pdf

国家重点基础研究发展计划（973 计划）（2015CB251600） 国家自然科学基金项目（51874278、51874283） 江苏省自然科学基金项目（BK20181357） 中国矿业大学学科前沿科学研究项目（2017XKQY022） 工程硕士专业学位论文 莒山煤矿 3厚煤层下分层复采技术研究 Study on Repeated Mining Technology of the Layer under Thick Coal Seam No.3 in Jushan Mine 作者贺子明 导师王旭锋教授 张炜副研究员 中国矿业大学 二〇一九年五月 万方数据 学位论文使用授权声明学位论文使用授权声明 本人完全了解中国矿业大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，同意本人所撰 写的学位论文的使用授权按照学校的管理规定处理 作为申请学位的条件之一， 学位论文著作权拥有者须授权所在学校拥有学位 论文的部分使用权，即①学校档案馆和图书馆有权保留学位论文的纸质版和电 子版，可以使用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编学位论文；②为教学和 科研目的，学校档案馆和图书馆可以将公开的学位论文作为资料在档案馆、图书 馆等场所或在校园网上供校内师生阅读、浏览。另外，根据有关法规，同意中国 国家图书馆保存研究生学位论文。 （保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权书）。 作者签名导师签名 年月日年月日 万方数据 中图分类号TD823学校代码10290 UDC622密级公开 中国矿业大学 工程硕士专业学位论文 莒山煤矿 3厚煤层下分层复采技术研究 Study on Repeated Mining Technology of the Layer under Thick Coal Seam No.3 in Jushan Mine 作者贺子明导师王旭锋、张炜 申请学位 工程硕士专业学位培养单位矿业工程学院 学科专业矿业工程研究方向开采方法 答辩委员会主席曹安业评 阅 人盲审 二○一九年五月 万方数据 致致谢谢 时间如白驹过隙弹指一瞬，转眼间两年的研究生生活将要结束。在这两年求 学时光里， 我首先要感谢恩师王旭锋教授、 张炜副研究员。 王老师为人和蔼可亲、 治学严谨求实、做事一丝不苟，为我的论文提出了很多宝贵的意见和建议，为我 的进步注入了能量，是我学习的楷模。张老师在生活上为我们排忧解难，给与了 我们很大帮助，教会我们很多做人做事的道理；在学术上一丝不苟，力求完美， 传授了我们许多论文排版、写作的经验，大大提升了我们的学术水平；在工作上 兢兢业业、不辞劳苦，给我们树立了一个良好的榜样。本文是在张老师的精心指 导下完成的，从论文的选题、资料收集、整理到论文的撰写、排版、定稿，都倾 注了张老师大量的心血，学生铭记于心。 感谢课题组张东升教授、 马立强教授、 范钢伟教授， 感谢张老师的幽默诙谐、 平易近人，为我们课题组创造一个轻松舒适的学习环境。感谢张老师成立课题组 研讨会，让我们每人都有机会在大家面前展示自己、锻炼能力，让大家可以互相 分享学习成果、促进交流、提高学习氛围。感谢马老师风趣的上课作风、严谨的 学术态度、从不敝帚自珍、为我们传道解惑，使我深入了解到业内一些顶尖的研 究方向，深刻开拓了我的视野，使我的知识水平有了长足的进步。感谢范老师， 范老师温和待人的态度深深烙印进我的脑海。 衷心感谢矿业工程学院给我提供一个良好的学习平台， 感谢学院各位老师对 我的栽培和指导。 两年来学生在学习和科研上以及生活上处理事务能力的进步离 不开学院老师的支持和帮助，感谢各位的悉心指导。 感谢课题组周亚洲博士、齐大洪硕士、张伟胜硕士、唐佳佳硕士、孙毓言硕 士。 感谢你们在我论文写作过程中对我的指导和帮助，陪伴我度过这难忘的两年 时光，两年来我们共同学习、相互帮助、共同进步，共同养成良好的作息习惯、 培养出了优秀的自控能力。 感谢我的家人，感谢你们对我生活上的支持、精神上的鼓励、无微不至的关 爱，让我的学习生活没有后顾之忧。 感谢各位评审能够于百忙之中为我抽出宝贵的时间，感谢老师们，你们辛苦 了作者水平有限，文章中不足之处在所难免，希望各位专家多多批评指正衷 心的感谢 贺子明 2019 年 04 月于中国矿业大学 万方数据 I 摘摘要要 受采矿技术、 采矿设备的限制， 以往许多煤矿采用采顶弃底模式开采厚煤层， 弃置了大量优质煤炭资源，有效回收遗留煤炭资源对提高矿井资源回收率、延长 矿井服务年限具有重要意义。本论文基于莒山煤矿 3厚煤层具体采矿地质条件， 结合上分层刀柱式开采遗留的老采空区复杂结构条件， 采用理论分析、 现场实测、 实验室测试、数值模拟等方法，对莒山煤矿 3厚煤层下分层复采技术进行了研 究。本论文的主要研究成果如下 （1）分析了莒山煤矿 3厚煤层上分层刀柱式开采情况； 在 3煤层下分层及 顶底板中各取一组试样，在实验室开展了煤岩物理力学参数测试，主要包括煤岩 抗拉、抗压、抗剪强度、密度、泊松比等，为后续研究提供基础参数。 （2）分析了上分层遗留煤柱在不同采空状态下的应力分布情况，以及下分 层任意一点处的附加应力影响因素； 建立了上分层开采对下分层破坏深度的力学 模型， 计算结果表明下分层破坏深度为 0.36 m， 故在下分层复采时应留煤皮护顶， 以防冒顶事故发生。 （3）模拟分析了上分层老采空区围岩变形破坏特征及应力分布规律，结果 表明① 煤柱宽度小于 8 m 时，采空区切顶深度大于 3 m，采空区伪顶和直接 顶均垮落，基本顶也发生初次破断，煤柱宽度大于 8 m 时，切顶破坏深度较小， 切顶破坏最深仅 2 m，基本顶完好；② 煤柱宽度越小，应力集中情况越严重， 特别是 8 m 以下煤柱，煤柱集中应力高达 10 MPa 以上，垂直应力对于下分层的 影响范围广泛， 大于下分层的厚度， 下分层开采时， 应充分考虑集中应力的影响； ③ 上分层开采对下分层破坏深度为 0.35 m，与理论计算结果基本一致。 （4）确定了下分层复采工作面横跨煤柱的布置方式，选择留煤皮综采作为 下分层复采方法，并确定了复采工作面回采巷道的布置位置，在此基础上，建立 了UDEC数值计算模型，确定了下分层复采时预留合理区段煤柱宽度为5 m。 （5）在3厚煤层下分层复采工程实践中，提出了以“高泡水泥材料注浆加 固控制破碎顶板技术、复采工作面过遗留煤柱时深孔定向爆破卸压技术、复采工 作面运输巷、回风巷及端头顶板控制技术”为核心的厚煤层复采工作面围岩控制 技术体系；在此基础上，实测分析了复203工作面矿压显现规律，得出复203工作 面在通过高应力集中区时，液压支架平均工作阻力为31.6 MPa，故选用 ZZS3800-1550/2500型支撑掩护式液压支架，额定工作阻力为37.5 MPa，支架选 型合理。 该论文共有图 56 幅，表 6 个，参考文献 86 篇。 关键词关键词下分层复采；遗留煤柱；老采空区；回采巷道布置；区段煤柱宽度 万方数据 II Abstract In the past, there was a technology of top mining-bottom abandoning applied to the thick coal seams of many mines for unadvanced mining technology and equipment, leading to a large amount of coal resources waste. Therefore, recovering remaining coal resources has become a great significance for improving the recovery rate of these resources and extending the length of service. Based on the typical No.3 thick coal seam geological characteristics of Jushan coal mine, from the overall perspective of the complex structural condition about gobs which was remained by upper slice pillar mining, adopting some measures the theoretical analysis, filed and laboratory testing , numerical simulation, etc. has been studied for the repeated mining technology of underlying seam of No.3 thick coal seam in Jushan Coal Mine. The specific research results are as follows 1 The characteristics of the pillar mining , namely for Jushan Coal Mine, was analyzed in the upper seam of No.3 thick coal seam. Through taking a set of samples from the roof, floor and underlying coal seam, the physical and mechanical parameters of coal and rock were tested that included tensile strength, compressive strength, shear strength, density, as well as poisson’s ratio, etc. Thus, these could give basic parameters to develop the research. 2 The stress distribution of remaining coal pillars in upper seam under different conditions of mined-out and factors affecting the addition stress at any point in underlying seam were analyzed. Besides, a mechanical model of the failure depth between the upper and underlying seams was established, implying that the failure depth of the underlying seam is 0.36 m after its calculation. Therefore, the coal seam roof should be left to prevent the accident of roof caving. 3 The deation-failure characteristics and stress distribution of surrounding rock in the old gob of upper seam were analyzed, revealing three results i the false roof and immediate roof were caved, as well as the main roof was broken firstly when the width of a coal pillar was less than 8 m and the depth of roof cutting was more than 3 m. However, the failure depth of roof cutting was shallow, especially being up to 2 m, and the main roof was unbroken when the width of a coal pillar was more than 8 m. ii The shorter the width of a coal pillar, the stress concentration was more serious. When there were coal pillars with less than 8 m wide, the concentrated stress of coal pillars was up to 10 MPa. And the influence areas of vertical stress on the 万方数据 III underlying seam was widely large that greater than the thickness of the underlying seam. So with the exploitation of the underlying coal seam, the effect of concentrated stress was focused on. iii the failure depth of the upper coal seam acting on the underlying coal seam was 0.35 m that in accordance with calculation results. 4 The layout mode of the coal pillar across the repeated mining face was determined, and the fully mechanized for top coal mining was selected as the recovery of the underlying coal seam, and the layout position of the roadway used for repeated mining was ensured. On this basis, the UDEC numerical calculation model was established, determining the width of the reserved reasonable coal pillar of 5 m in underlying mining. 5 With the mining engineering process of the underlying in No.3 thick coal seam, the comprehensive control technologies of surrounding rock in thick mining face that included high foam cement grouting reinforcement materials controlling broken the roof, the compound mining face left a deep hole directional blasting in coal pillar unloading, as well as the compound mining face of main haulage , return air roadway and end of roof control was put forward as a core control system. Moreover, the law of mining pressure in F203 mining face was analyzed, implying that the average working resistance of hydraulic support was 31.6 MPa when the mining face passed through the area of stress concentration. Therefore, the ZZS3800-1550/2500 chock-shield support with rated working pressure of 37.5 MPa was applied, and this selection was reasonable. The dissertation contains 56 pieces of figures, 6 pieces of tables and 86 pieces of references. Keywords underlying repeated mining, remaining coal pillars, the old gob, mining roadway layout, the width of a section coal pillar 万方数据 IV 目目录录 摘要摘要................................................................................................................................I 目录目录.............................................................................................................................Ⅳ 图清单图清单......................................................................................................................Ⅷ 表清单表清单........................................................................................................................XII 变量注释表变量注释表..............................................................................................................XIII 1 绪论绪论............................................................................................................................1 1.1 问题的提出与研究意义.........................................................................................1 1.2 国内外研究现状及存在的问题.............................................................................2 2 工程地质条件及煤岩物理力学参数测试工程地质条件及煤岩物理力学参数测试.................................................................9 2.1 井田地质特征.........................................................................................................9 2.2 3煤层赋存特征....................................................................................................10 2.3 矿井概况...............................................................................................................11 2.4 煤岩物理力学参数测试.......................................................................................12 2.5 本章小结...............................................................................................................15 3 上分层遗留煤柱载荷传递规律及老采空区围岩变形破坏特征上分层遗留煤柱载荷传递规律及老采空区围岩变形破坏特征......................... 16 3.1 煤柱载荷形式.......................................................................................................16 3.2 煤柱载荷在下分层的传递规律...........................................................................18 3.3 下分层破坏深度计算...........................................................................................20 3.4 遗留煤柱及采空区围岩变形破坏特征模拟.......................................................23 3.5 本章小结...............................................................................................................33 4 下分层复采方法选择及下分层复采方法选择及区段煤柱宽度确定区段煤柱宽度确定..........................................................35 4.1 复采工作面布置方式确定...................................................................................35 4.2 下分层复采方法选择...........................................................................................36 4.3 下分层复采工作面回采巷道位置确定...............................................................37 4.4 复采工作面煤柱合理宽度确定...........................................................................38 4.5 复采巷道支护方案设计.......................................................................................47 4.6 本章小结...............................................................................................................48 5 3厚煤层下分层复采工程实践厚煤层下分层复采工程实践...............................................................................50 5.1 复 203 工作面采矿地质条件...............................................................................50 万方数据 V 5.2 3煤下分层复采方案设计....................................................................................51 5.3 复采工作面顶板破碎带注浆加固技术...............................................................54 5.4 下分层复采工作面过异常区技术.......................................................................57 5.5 工作面运输巷、回风巷及端头顶板控制...........................................................59 5.6 工作面矿压显现规律...........................................................................................60 5.7 本章小结...............................................................................................................63 6 主要结论及后续展望主要结论及后续展望..............................................................................................64 6.1 主要结论...............................................................................................................64 6.2 后续展望及不足...................................................................................................65 参考文献参考文献......................................................................................................................66 作者简历作者简历......................................................................................................................71 学位论文原创性声明学位论文原创性声明..................................................................................................72 学位论文数据集学位论文数据集..........................................................................................................73 万方数据 VI Contents Abstract......................................................................................................................... I Contents......................................................................................................................Ⅳ List of Figures..........................................................................................................Ⅷ List of Tables.............................................................................................................XII List of Variables......................................................................................................XIII 1 Introduction...............................................................................................................1 1.1 Issues and significance of research..........................................................................1 1.2 Domestic and Foreign Research Present Situation and Existing Problems.............2 1.3 Research Objectives and Content.............................................................................6 2 Mine Geological Conditions and Coal-Rock Physical Mechanical Parameters Testing........................................................................................................................... 9 2.1 Geological Characteristics of Mine Field................................................................ 9 2.2 Occurrence Characteristics of No.3 Coal Seam.....................................................10 2.3 General Situation of Mine......................................................................................11 2.4 The Testing of Coal-Rock Physical and Mechanical Parameters...........................12 2.5 The Chapter Summary........................................................................................... 15 3 TheLoad TransferLawofCoalPillarsinUpper Layer andThe Deation-Failure Characteristics of Surrounding Rock in The Gob..............16 3.1 The Coal Pillar Load Pattern..................................................................................16 3.2 Transfer Rule of Coal Pillar Load in The Lower Layer.........................................18 3.3 Calculation of Failure Depth of Lower Mining Layer...........................................20 3.4 Simulation of Deation-Failure Characteristics of Remaining Coal Pillar and Surrounding Rock in Gobs...........................................................................................23 3.5 The Chapter Summary........................................................................................... 33 4 The Selection of Lower Layer Mining and The Width Determination of Section Pillars.............................................................................................................35 4.1 Determination of Repeated Mining Face Layout...................................................35 4.2 Selection of Lower Repeated Miming Layer..............................