不安全行为、自制力对煤矿生产系统效率与安全的影响.pdf

学位论文答辩信息表 论文题目不安全行为、自制力对煤矿生产系统效率与安全的影响 课题来源*省教育厅项目 论文类型 在[ ]内打 “√” []产品研发[]工程设计[]应用研究 []工程/项目管理[]调研报告[√]基础研究 论文答辩日期2020 年 6 月 7 日答辩秘书张锦 学位论文答辩委员会成员 姓名职称博导/硕导工作单位 答辩委员 会主席 李恩平教授博导太原理工大学 答辩委员 1王天日副教授硕导 太原理工大学 答辩委员 2郭艳副教授硕导 太原理工大学 *课题来源可填国家重点研发计划项目、国家自然科学基金项目、国家社 科基金项目、教育部人文社科项目、国家其他部委项目、省科技厅项目、 省教育厅项目、企事业单位委托项目、其他 摘要 I 摘要 煤炭资源对于我国经济建设有着不可替代的作用，煤矿生产系统是整 个煤炭企业最重要的环节。当前对于我国煤矿生产系统的安全性和高效性， 与发达国家仍有一定差距。资源浪费、安全保障水平不高、生产效率较低， 严重阻碍我国煤矿乃至整个煤炭企业的可持续协调发展。我国大多数的煤 矿由于为保证生产安全性，在安全生产的高压线下，出现为保证人身安全 而放宽整体工效水平，致使额定生产能力降低，在此情况下，个人安全性 得到了一定程度的保障，但是造成安全投入的过度加大，导致资源冗余， 这在一定程度上忽视了生产效率的重要性，同时也会给煤矿企业增加不小 的负担。如何在煤矿生产系统中达到安全目标和最大化生产效率的共同目 标，成为煤炭行业亟待解决的现实问题。 而矿工不安全行为是影响煤矿生产系统安全生产的重要因素，研究消 除不安全行为，提升煤矿生产系统安全水平同时，还要注重平衡生产效率。 基于此本文从平衡煤矿生产系统效率和安全角度出发，在有效的问卷数据 的基础上，建立静态的不安全行为对煤矿生产系统效率性与安全性影响机 理和自制力的干预机理结构方程模型， 利用 AMOS24.0 软件对假设机理模型 进行验证性因素分析，并拟合修正，最终得到修正后的行为机理模型。其 中影响机理模型表明，安全价值观、冒险行为对煤矿生产系统安全性，安 全价值观、无意违章行为、安全注意力对煤矿生产效率影响效果最为显著， 影响强度为 0.773、0.728、0.743、0.754、0.738；而违章操作、安全注意力、 不安全态度对煤矿生产系统安全性，冒险行为对煤矿生产系统效率影响效 果较为显著；而不安全态度对煤矿生产系统效率具有一定的正向影响作用。 干预机理模型表明，无意违章行为、不安全态度、冒险行为分别对自制力 产生显著的影响，影响强度分别为-1.743、-1.023、-2.134，同样自制力对煤 矿生产系统效率性和安全性有显著正向影响作用， 影响强度为 2.115、 1.763。 从动态角度出发，借助 Vensim PLE 软件不安全行为对煤矿生产系统效 率性与安全性影响的系统动力学仿真模型，并对比仿真分析不同影响因素 和干预策略对煤矿生产生产系统中效率性与安全性的干预效果。结果表明 安全态度和安全注意力水平提升后，虽然安全性水平得到提高，但是这也 使得矿工在改变原有行为习惯后，过度倾向于安全性，而忽略了动作经济 性和行为效率，使得员工工效水平有所下降。在促进煤矿生产安全性同时， 也使得生产效率不断提升，提升效果最为明显的是提升矿工安全价值观， 太原理工大学硕士学位论文 II 其次为抑制矿工违章操作。 最后，基于不安全行为对煤矿生产系统效率与安全影响的系统动力学 模型，从端正价值观、加强岗位技能培训、安全文化建设以及重视标准化 作业等方面提出干预措施，在稳定矿工安全注意力和安全态度前提下，端 正矿工安全价值观，减少违规违章操作，最大限度地保证煤矿生产系统的 安全高效性。 关键词关键词煤矿生产系统；不安全行为；自制力；安全；效率 ABSTRACT III ABSTRACT Coal resources play an irreplaceable role in Chinas economic construction. Coal production system is the most important link of the whole coal enterprise. At present, there is still a certain gap between Chinas coal mine production system and developed countries in terms of safety and efficiency. The waste of resources, the low level of safety guarantee and the low efficiency of production seriously hinder the sustainable and coordinated development of coal mines and even the whole coal enterprises in China. In order to ensure the safety of production, most of the coal mines in our country relax the overall work efficiency level to ensure personal safety under the high-voltage line of safety production, resulting in the reduction of the rated production capacity. In this case, personal safety has been guaranteed to a certain extent, but the excessive investment in safety has resulted in resource redundancy, which to a certain extent ignores the production efficiency At the same time, the importance of rate will also increase the burden on coal mining enterprises. How to achieve the common goal of safety and maximum production efficiency in the coal mine production system has become an urgent practical problem to be solved in the coal industry. The unsafe behavior of coal miners is an important factor that affects the safety of coal mine production system. It is necessary to study and eliminate the unsafe behavior, improve the safety level of coal mine production system, and pay attention to balance production efficiency. Based on this, from the point of view of balancing the efficiency and safety of coal mine production system, on the basis of effective questionnaire data, this paper establishes the structural equation model of static unsafe behaviors influence mechanism on the safety and efficiency of coal mine production system and the intervention mechanism of self-control force, and uses amos24.0 software to analyze the confirmatory factors of the hypothetical mechanism model, and then fits and corrects it. Finally, we get To the modified behavior mechanism model. The influence mechanism model shows that safety values and risk-taking behaviors have the most significant effect on the safety of coal mine production system, safety values, unintentional violation behaviors and safety attention have the 太原理工大学硕士学位论文 IV most significant effect on coal mine production efficiency, with the influence intensity of 0.773, 0.728, 0.743, 0.754 and 0.738, while violation operations, safety attention and unsafe attitude have the most significant effect on coal mine production system safety and risk-taking behaviors It has a significant effect on the efficiency of coal mine production system, while the unsafe attitude has a positive effect on the efficiency of coal mine production system. The intervention mechanism model shows that unintentional violation behavior, unsafe attitude and risk-taking behavior have a significant impact on self-control, with an impact intensity of - 1.743, - 1.023 and - 2.134, respectively. Similarly, self-control has a significant positive impact on the safety and efficiency of coal production system, with an impact intensity of 2.115 and 1.763. From the dynamic point of view, with the help of Vensim ple software unsafe behavior on the coal mine production system safety and efficiency of the system dynamics simulation model, and simulation analysis of different factors and intervention strategies on the coal mine production system safety and efficiency of the dry effect. The results show that although the safety level is improved after the improvement of safety attitude and safety attention level, it also makes the miners tend to safety excessively after changing the original behavior habits, ignoring the action economy and behavior efficiency, which makes the work efficiency level of the employees decrease. At the same time of promoting the safety of coal mine production, it also makes the production efficiency continue to improve. The most obvious effect is to improve the safety values of miners, followed by restraining the illegal operation of miners. Finally, based on the system dynamics model of the impact of unsafe behavior on the safety and efficiency of coal mine production system, the paper puts forward the intervention measures from the aspects of correct values, strengthening post skills training, safety culture construction and paying attention to standardized operation. Under the premise of stabilizing the safety attention and safety attitude of the miners, correct the safety values of the miners, reduce illegal operation and maximize the limit To ensure the safety and efficiency of coal mine production system. Key wordsCoal mine production system; unsafe behavior; self-control; safety; efficiency 目录 V 目录 摘要......................................................................................................................................... I ABSTRACT..............................................................................................................................III 目录........................................................................................................................................V 第 1 章 绪论...............................................................................................................................1 1.1 研究背景和研究目的意义...............................................................................................1 1.1.1 研究背景....................................................................................................................1 1.1.2 研究目的和意义........................................................................................................2 1.2 研究内容与技术路线......................................................................................................3 1.2.1 研究内容....................................................................................................................3 1.2.2 技术路线....................................................................................................................5 第 2 章 国内外研究现状...........................................................................................................7 2.1 不安全行为的相关研究...................................................................................................7 2.1.1 不安全行为与效率的关系研究................................................................................7 2.1.2 不安全行为分类........................................................................................................7 2.1.3 不安全行为的影响因素............................................................................................9 2.2 煤矿生产系统安全生产相关研究.................................................................................10 2.2.1 安全生产概述..........................................................................................................10 2.2.2 煤矿生产系统安全生产研究现状..........................................................................10 2.2.3 安全性指标的量化..................................................................................................11 2.3 煤矿生产系统效率的相关研究.....................................................................................12 2.3.1 生产效率概述..........................................................................................................12 2.3.2 煤矿生产系统效率研究现状..................................................................................12 2.3.3 生产效率指标的量化..............................................................................................13 2.4 自制力相关研究.............................................................................................................13 2.4.1 自制力研究现状......................................................................................................13 2.4.2 自制力的测量..........................................................................................................14 2.5 相关理论概述.................................................................................................................15 2.5.1 事故致因理论..........................................................................................................15 2.5.2 行为控制理论..........................................................................................................15 太原理工大学硕士学位论文 VI 2.5.3 系统动力学理论......................................................................................................16 第 3 章 不安全行为、自制力与煤矿生产系统效率与安全的联系.....................................17 3.1 安全性影响因素.............................................................................................................17 3.2 工作效率性影响因素.....................................................................................................18 3.3 不安全行为种类.............................................................................................................18 3.4 自制力测量指标.............................................................................................................19 3.5 不安全行为、自制力与煤矿生产系统安全和效率的联系.........................................20 第 4 章 不安全行为对煤矿生产系统效率与安全的影响机理及干预机理模型.................23 4.1 问卷设计........................................................................................................................23 4.1.1 问卷设计过程.........................................................................................................23 4.1.2 问卷测量内容..........................................................................................................23 4.1.3 问卷数据获取..........................................................................................................25 4.2 问卷信度及效度检验.....................................................................................................25 4.2.1 问卷信度检验..........................................................................................................25 4.2.2 问卷效度检验..........................................................................................................26 4.3 不安全行为对煤矿效率与安全影响模型构建.............................................................27 4.3.1 不安全行为对煤矿效率与安全影响机理模型......................................................27 4.3.2 不安全行为对煤矿生产系统效率与安全影响的干预机理模型.........................31 4.3.3 模型结果分析..........................................................................................................33 第 5 章 不安全行为对煤矿生产系统效率与安全的影响建模.............................................35 5.1 系统动力学建模过程.....................................................................................................35 5.2 模型构建.........................................................................................................................36 5.2.1 模型假设..................................................................................................................36 5.2.2 因果关系构建及反馈回路分析..............................................................................36 5.2.3 系统流图模型构建..................................................................................................37 5.2.4 SD 仿真方程构建....................................................................................................39 5.2.5 模型仿真分析..........................................................................................................40 5.2.6 初始状态运行结果分析..........................................................................................42 5.2.7 干预策略的干预效果对比分析..............................................................................43 5.2.8 不同影响因素的干预效果对比分析......................................................................44 第 6 章 研究结论与改善措施.................................................................................................47 6.1 研究结论.........................................................................................................................47 目录 VII 6.2 改善措施.........................................................................................................................48 6.2.1 进行岗位知识和技能培训......................................................................................48 6.2.2 稳定矿工自我控制能力..........................................................................................48 6.2.3 加强安全文化建设..................................................................................................48 6.2.4 重视标准化作业......................................................................................................49 第 7 章 研究不足与展望.........................................................................................................51 7.1 研究不足........................................................................................................................51 7.2 展望.................................................................................................................................51 参考文献...................................................................................................................................53 附录 A 不安全行为、自制力对煤矿生产系统效率与安全的影响问卷.............................57 攻读学位期间取得的科研成果...............................................................................................59 致 谢.........................................................................................................................................61 太原理工大学硕士学位论文 VIII 绪论 1 第 1 章 绪论 1.1 研究背景和研究目的意义 1.1.1 研究背景 （1）我国煤矿安全生产现状 根据国家统计局统计显示2019 年我国全年的能源消耗量为 48.6 亿吨标准煤，较 比上年增长了 3.3，其中煤炭消费量占能源消费总量的 59.0，增长 1.0，原油消费量 增长 6.8，天