Barapukuria煤矿强含水厚松散层下协调减损开采技术研究.pdf
论文题目Barapukuria煤矿强含水厚松散层下协调减损开采技术研究 工程领域采矿工程 硕 士 生许文强 (签名) 指导教师余学义 (签名) 摘 要 孟加拉国 Barakupuria 煤矿(简称孟巴矿)井田范围内地表覆盖有 100 余米厚的强 含水松散层 UDT,覆岩中除了 LDT 相对隔水层外,基本不存在隔水岩层,为了矿井生 产安全,不但开采覆岩导水裂缝带不能波及 UDT 含水层,而且要保证 LDT 隔水层的完 整隔水性。本文在分析孟巴矿地质采矿条件特殊性的基础上,应用理论分析计算、数值 模拟计算分析、现场探测分析等综合方法,对孟巴矿强含水松散层下协调减损开采技术 进行了深入研究,给出了适合孟巴矿地质采矿条件的协调减损开采方法。 通过对孟巴矿井田地质采矿条件分析,确定了 UDT 强含水松散层是威胁矿井安全 开采的主要含水层,协调开采控制导水裂缝带不破坏 LDT 隔水性能是孟巴矿水体下采 煤的关键技术。其次通过理论分析,解释了协调减损开采的理论含义与减损原理,给出 边界协调错距布置,能够分(次)段破坏释放Ⅵ煤顶板砂岩,有效控制开采覆岩导水裂 缝带发育高度,减小开采边界变形叠加,降低 LDT 相对隔水层变形破坏程度,减轻冲 击矿压灾害威胁程度。结合地表沉陷观测资料,应用概率积分法确定矿井分层边界协调 错距的计算方法。通过数值模拟结果表明,分层协调错距布置对于减小边界与煤柱的应 力集中有明显的作用,能够有效减轻冲击矿压灾害强度,可以保证导水裂缝带不波及 LDT 相对隔水层,保障 UDT 水体下安全开采。地表沉陷观测数据计算表明,边界错距 协调布置,能够有效减轻 LDT 相对隔水层的变形破坏程度。综合分析确定孟巴矿强含 水松散层下协调减损开采技术方案。 研究成果为进一步深入研究特厚煤层分层开采覆岩破坏规律奠定了基础,对制定孟 加拉国 Barakupuria 煤矿水体下采煤综合协调减损方案具有一定的参考应用价值。 关关 键键 词词孟加拉 Barapukuria 煤矿;水体下采煤;协调减损技术;分层错距布置 研究类型研究类型应用研究 万方数据 Subject Research on Coordination andDamage-reduction Mining Technology under Thick Loose Strong Aquifer of Barapukuria Coal Mine Specialty Mining Engineering Name Xu Wen-qiang ((Signature)) Instructor Yu Xue-yi ((Signature)) ABSTRACT In Bangladesh Barakupuria Mine referred Barapukuria Coal Mine, surface is covered with more than 100 meters thick loose strong aqueous layer Upper Dupi Tila. Except Lower Dupi TiLa relatively impermeable outer layer, basically there is no impermeable rock in overlying rock. For mine production safety, not only overburden crevice belt can not affect the Upper Dupi Tila aquifer, but also the complete impermeability of Lower Dupi TiLa impermeable layer should be guaranteed. Based on the analysis of the specificity of Barapukuria Coal Mine geological and mining conditions, applying of theoretical calculations, numerical simulation analysis, on-site detection analysis and other s, coordination derogation mining techniques under strong aqueous soil layer in Barapukuria Coal Mine are in-depth study and coordination impairment mining suitable Barapukuria Coal Mine geological and mining conditions is given. Through an analysis on the geological and mining conditions of Barapukuria coal mine, the Upper Dupi Tila thick loose strong aquifer is determined to be the main factor threatening the safe exploitation of coal mine, and to protect the water resistant capacity of Lower Dupi TiLa from damaged by coordination mining is the critical technology of the mining under water body of Barapukuria coal mine. Secondly, the theoretical implications and damage-reduction principle of coordination mining are interpreted by theoretical analysis, and the boundary staggered distance layout is given out. This results in the segmental damage and release of sandstone failure of coal VI roof, effectively controlling the height of mining water flowing fractured zone, reducing the superposition of mining boundary deation and the degree of deation and destruction of the Lower Dupi TiLa relative water resisting layer, alleviating the threat degree of impulsion pressure disaster. The calculating procedure of slicing boundary coordination staggered distance is assigned through probability integral combined with surface subsidence observation data. The numerical simulation result 万方数据 shows that, the slicing coordination staggered distance layout has an obvious effect on the stress of boundary and coal pillar, and can effectively reduce the degree of impulsion pressure disaster, and can prevent the Lower Dupi TiLa relative water resisting layer against water flowing fractured zone, as well as can guarantee the safety mining under Upper Dupi Tila water body. The surface subsidence observation data calculation shows that, the boundary coordination staggered distance layout can effectively reduce the degree of deation and failure of Lower Dupi TiLa relative the water layer. The coordination and damage-reduction mining technology under the thick loose strong aquifer of Barapukuria coal mine is finally assigned through comprehensive analysis. Research laid the foundation for further research especially thick coal seam overburden damage rule. This has a certain reference value for the development of comprehensive coordination derogation scheme under Bangladesh Balarpukulia Coal mining water body. Key words Bangladesh Barapukuria coal mine; Coal mining under water body; Technical coordination impairment; slicing staggered distance arangement Thesis Application study 万方数据 目录 I 目录 1 绪论 ........................................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 选题背景及研究意义 ................................................................................................. 1 1.2 国内外研究现状 ......................................................................................................... 3 1.2.1 水体下采煤研究现状 ...................................................................................... 3 1.2.2 协调开采研究现状 .......................................................................................... 7 1.2.3 水体下放顶煤开采研究现状 ........................................................................... 8 1.2.4 厚松散层下采煤研究现状 .............................................................................. 9 1.2.5 冈瓦纳地层(Gondwana 群)研究现状 ....................................................... 10 1.2.6 无隔水层条件下的水体下采煤研究现状 ..................................................... 11 1.2.7 存在问题 ........................................................................................................ 12 1.3 主要研究内容、研究方法及技术路线 ................................................................... 12 1.3.1 主要研究内容 ................................................................................................ 12 1.3.2 主要研究方法 ................................................................................................ 13 1.3.3 技术路线 ........................................................................................................ 14 2 孟巴矿地质采矿条件与灾害分析 ..................................................................................... 15 2.1 孟巴矿地层岩性与岩层结构分析 ........................................................................... 17 2.1.1 石炭二叠纪 Gondwana 群含煤地层分析 ..................................................... 17 2.1.2 第三纪 Lower Dupi TiLa(LDT)组地层分析 ........................................... 18 2.1.3 第三纪 Upper Dupi TiLa(UDT)组地层分析 ........................................... 20 2.1.4 第四纪 Madhupur 粘土组地层分析 ............................................................. 20 2.2 孟巴矿地层岩体质量评价分析 ............................................................................... 20 2.3 井田构造及煤层顶底板岩性分析 ............................................................................ 23 2.3.1 主采煤层条件分析 ......................................................................................... 23 2.3.2 煤层顶底板岩性分析 ..................................................................................... 23 2.3.3 井田构造分析 ................................................................................................. 23 2.4 孟巴矿覆岩含水及隔水性能分析 ........................................................................... 24 2.4.1 含水层 ............................................................................................................ 24 2.4.2 隔水层 ............................................................................................................ 26 2.4.3 地下水补、径、排条件及矿井涌水情况分析 ............................................ 26 2.5 孟巴矿灾害分析 ....................................................................................................... 27 2.6 本章小结 ................................................................................................................... 29 3 水体下协调减损技术研究 ................................................................................................. 30 万方数据 目录 II 3.1 边界协调错距布置开采减损技术分析 ................................................................... 30 3.1.1 协调开采减损方法 ......................................................................................... 30 3.1.2 边界协调开采方法减损作用原理分析 ......................................................... 31 3.2 边界协调开采错距计算 ........................................................................................... 33 3.3 本章小结 ................................................................................................................... 37 4 协调减损数值模拟分析研究 .............................................................................................. 38 4.1 数值计算参数的确定 ................................................................................................ 38 4.2 数值模拟计算分析 .................................................................................................... 39 4.2.1 UDT 渗流模拟计算分析 ............................................................................. 39 4.3.2 孟巴矿协调错距布置数值模拟计算分析 .................................................. 40 4.3 本章小结 .................................................................................................................... 44 5 协调减损效果分析 ............................................................................................................. 46 5. 1 监测区域概况 .......................................................................................................... 46 5. 2 测线布置 .................................................................................................................. 47 5. 3 观测数据分析研究 .................................................................................................. 48 5. 3.1 孟巴矿采动覆岩内部预计参数分析计算 .................................................... 48 5. 3.2 孟巴矿地表移动观测结果分析 .................................................................... 52 5. 5 本章小结 .................................................................................................................. 57 6 孟巴矿协调开采优化布置 ................................................................................................. 59 6. 1 孟巴矿覆岩破坏特征 .............................................................................................. 59 6. 2 孟巴矿协调减损控制方法 ...................................................................................... 59 6. 3 孟巴矿协调减损开采原则 ...................................................................................... 60 6. 4 本章小结 .................................................................................................................. 63 7 结论与展望 ......................................................................................................................... 65 7. 1 主要结论 .................................................................................................................. 65 7. 2 研究展望 ................................................................................................................... 65 致 谢 ....................................................................................................................................... 67 参考文献 ................................................................................................................................. 68 附 录 ....................................................................................................................................... 73 万方数据 1 绪论 1 1 绪论 1.1 选题背景及研究意义 20 世纪 50 年代开始中国就开始了水体下采煤的实践研究工作, 通过一大批学者 60 多年来的研究,中国的水体下采煤,不但实现了大量水下压煤的开采,获得了丰富的开 采实践经验,还发展了水体下采煤理论,形成了一套适用国内各种地质条件的水体下采 煤理论体系,并形成了其发展的特点,即采深与采厚比值相对较小,水体下开采方法多 样丰富,技术措施也能因地制宜,且应用效果良好。然而这些研究成果多局限于国内的 水文地质条件,所得理论与经验也是因地制宜,因地而有一定差异。因此解决孟巴矿强 含水厚松散体下采煤面临着新的挑战。 图 1.1 孟巴矿工作面布置图 保 护 煤 柱 -320 -340 -380 Fa ∠75H200 Main SHAFT 345∠70~80 H0.2 130∠78 160∠65~80 150∠80 134∠84 108∠70 H0.9 118∠73 H1.9 255∠45 ~ ~ ~ 110∠70~85 H0.2 115∠65 H0.4 110∠70 H6~8 ~ ~ 324∠67~80 H2.5 335∠50 H3.2 223∠38H3.9 ~ ~ ~ 218∠52H0.6 244∠45H1.4 223∠78H0.4 110∠73H2.3 295∠65H3 100∠70 H0.9 110∠65 H6~8 135∠75 H0.4 105∠72 H1.8 102∠66 H1.8 305∠76 H2~3 60∠70 H1 100∠65 H1 84∠69 H0.3 72∠54 H0.5 -280 -260 -240 -220 -200 -260 -280 -240 -220 -220 -160 -180 Track dip entry 轨 道 斜 井 回 风 斜 井 Belt dip entry 通 风 联 络 巷 1采区变电所 联络平巷 溜煤眼 溜煤眼 溜煤眼 溜煤眼 溜煤眼 6溜煤眼 联络斜巷 一中车场 二中车场 三中车场四中车场 五中车场 保 护 煤 柱 采 区 轨 道 下 山 采 区 胶 带 下 山 1煤仓 主井 绞车、电控硐室 机头变电硐室 联络斜巷 溜煤回风斜巷 联络平巷 胶带机头 -340 2006.2.26 ~ 2006.09.21 -380 -180 9 -300 13 13 -260.400T7.3 14 -256.426T6.08 1104工作面 Belt Gate -260 2007.11.19 F20 ~ -410 -280 ~1.0 Belt Gate Track Gate Open-off cut Open-off cut Open-off cut 切 眼 Open-off cut Stop Line 2008.7.22 11 Stop Line 2009.07.29 1111 Track gate 胶 带 顺 槽 Be lt Gate 轨 道 顺 槽 Track Gate 1600 2000 2010.03.17 张 裂 带 2010.11.10 Stop Line 切 眼 Open-off cut -301.02 1101工作面 1103工作面 1105工作面 1109工作面 1111工作面 1106工作面 1108工作面 1210工作面 1112工作面 1114工作面 1116工作面 Belt Gate Track Gate Belt Gate Track Gate Belt Gate Track Gate Belt Gate Track Gate Belt Gate Track Gate Belt Gate Track Gate Track Gate Belt Gate Belt Gate Track Gate Open-off cut Open-off cut Open-off cut Stop Line Stop Line Stop Line Open-off cut Stop Line Stop Line Stop Line -320 -340 -360 -380 -400 -460 -300 -320 -340 -360 -380 -400 -420 -440 -300 -320 -340 -360 -400 张 裂 带 Fb ∠75H0~40 F30 ∠75H0~12 F18 ∠25H0~5 F29 ∠75H0~4 F11 ∠25H0~5 F7 ∠75H0~7 Fc1 ∠75H0~12 F10 ∠75H0~15 F12 ∠25H0~6 F19 ∠75H0~6 F15 ∠75H0~11 F14 ∠75H0~8 F25 ∠75H0~18 Fi ∠75H0~14 Fb1 ∠75H0~16 Fb1 ∠75H0~16 Fa ∠75H200 F27 ∠75H0~7 F35 ∠75H0~15 F36 ~ F32 ~ ~ F33∠75H0~5.0 F34 ∠80H0~9.0 F37 ~ ~ ~ 轨 道 斜 井 回 风 斜 井 1105 Track gate 1111 Track gate 轨道联络巷 1204工作面 轨 道 顺 槽 Track Gate 胶 带 顺 槽 Belt Gate 切 眼 New Open-off cut Stop Line 2011.10.1 Open-off cut 停采线 Stop Line 轨 道 顺 槽 Track Gate 2008.06.04 切 眼 Open-off cut 设计停采线 Stop Line 1203工作面1203工作面 8 Track dip entry Air return dip entry 1206工作面 1205工作面 1205 面 胶 带 顺 槽 1205 面 轨 道 顺 槽 切 眼 Open-off cut 轨 道 顺 槽 Track Gate 胶 带 顺 槽 Belt Gate 切 眼 Open-off Cut 100600 100800 101000101400101800 101200101600102400102800103200102000 102200 切 眼 Open-off cut 轨 道 顺 槽 Track Gate 胶 带 顺 槽 Be lt Gate 1208工作面 停采线 Stop Line 2015.3.31止采 1212工作面 万方数据 西安科技大学硕士学位论文 2 孟加拉国巴拉普库利亚Barapukuria煤矿文中简称孟巴矿, 位于孟加拉国西北部的 迪纳吉普(Dinajpur)省,距离首都达卡约 300km,是孟加拉国第一个开发兴建的年产 1.0Mt 大型现代化矿井。该矿由济南设计院设计,为立井单一水平下山开拓方式,中心 采区划分为南、北两翼,井筒落底标高-260m,主采煤层为Ⅵ煤,赋存稳定,厚度 29.0041.52m,平均 36.14m,属稳定特厚煤层,含多层夹矸。煤层倾角 530 ,除向斜 底部靠近 Fa 断层的东南边缘煤层倾角在 30 ,其余块段一般小于 15 ,最大 18 。 中心采区采用倾斜分层走向长壁分层综合机械化采煤方法开采, 一分层开采平均高 度为 3.0m,工作面斜长一般为 120m,区段煤柱宽度 25-30m。一分层总共布置了 12 个 工作面,除 1110 工作面(发火封闭) 、1116 面及 1111 面外段未采外,其它工作面均已 回采结束,见图 1.1。 二分层开采分层综采、综放混合方式开采。1204、1203 工作面采用分层综采方式开 采,分层开采厚度 3.0m;1206、1208、1210、1205、1212 工作面采用综合机械化放顶 煤开采方法开采, 由于采用边界错距协调布置方式, 二分层工作面长度总体较一分层长, 最长达到 150m,1212 工作面正在开采。 孟巴矿井田揭露地层总厚度 640.86m,井田地层大致确定为太古代(复合基底) 、石 炭二迭纪(Gondwa