城市地质环境风险经济学评价.doc

城市地质环境风险经济学评价 随着我国城市化进程加快、城市数量和城市人口迅速增加,使城市居民对工作和居住环境的要求与城市地质环境日益脆弱的矛盾越发突出。要使地质环境保护管理工作更有效,还需引入风险管理机制。为此,首先必须对地质环境实行风险评价。开展城市地质环境风险的经济学评价,具有重大的理论探索价值和实际应用意义。地质环境的风险评价,在国外有已有先例,但方法尚不成熟。我国也有学者对地质灾害等进行“风险”评价,但从严格意义上来说,多数只能算“危险性”评价,而真正的地质环境风险评价,特别是包含经济或生命损失的“地质环境风险的经济学评价”还不多。本文研究了地质环境价值特征及其与地质环境质量的关系、地质环境价值与风险的关系、地质环境功能价值损失评估方法等。提出了地质环境风险定义、地质环境风险经济学评价的理论与方法,并分别以石家庄、北京、天水等地区的地质环境风险的经济学评价为例,从地质环境风险的经济学评价程序、风险与危害识别、地质环境事故或危险性评估计算、风险风险判断和控制等方面,阐明了地下水污染、地下水调蓄、滑坡、泥石流和地面塌陷等风险的经济学评价的理论与方法。主要创新观点和认识为1、地质环境资源无价的观点是有害的,不利于资源节约型和环境友好型社会的建设。认为地质环境资源与一般环境资源一样,不仅有使用价值,也具有价值;其价值由凝聚在其中的一般劳动价值及自然形成过程中赋予的自然价值或一般价值构成,可采用“资源性底价补偿性价值法”及“成本利润补偿性价值法”进行核算。2、首次阐明了地质环境及其价值特性,认为不同土地利用类型,同一地块的地质环境价值不同。地质环境适宜性或质量与特定土地利用类型有关的,地质环境适宜性或质量越差,地质环境价值就越低;反之亦然。3、以环境经济学、资源经济学原理与理论为指导,指出地质环境功能价值损失可用“恢复费用、防护支出、市场价值、价值-浓度损失率、机会成本等”方法评估,并分别用实例说明了地下水污染、滑坡、泥石流、地面塌陷等造成的环境价值损失评价方法与过程。4、首次阐述了地质环境价值与地质环境风险的关系。认为在土地利用类型相同时,地质环境价值与地质环境风险呈反比关系。即地质环境越适宜、质量越好、承载力越高、容量越大,则地质环境风险越小;反之亦然。5、根据不同的地质环境及其事故发生的机理、规律和特点,分别提出了地下水污染、崩塌、滑坡、泥石流、岩溶塌陷等事故危险度概率计算的新方法,并用实际例子说明了地下水污染、滑坡、泥石流、岩溶地面塌陷等风险的评价方法、步骤或过程 The contradiction between citizen’s demands for work and living environment and increasingly geological environment frailty in urban is becoming increasingly evident with the accelerations of urbanization course and quantities of city and population. A risk management mechanism should be introduced to make the protection and management of geological environment more effectively. Therefore, the risk assessment of geological environment must be carried out firstly. It has significant theory exploration value and practical application meaning.The risk assessment of geological environment has been studied abroad, but is immature. Some scholars research on“Risk Assessment”of geological hazards in China, but generally speaking, most of which are belong to“Harm Assessment”, and the real meaning study in risk assessment is little, especially in”Economics uation of geological environment risk”containing loss of economic or life.The paper researches on several aspects the geological environment characteristics and the relation between it and geological environment quality; the relation between geological environment value and risk; assessment of value loss for geological environment function, etc. The article puts forward definition of geological environment risk, as well as theory and of economics uation of geological environment risk. This article clarifies theory and of economics uation in risks of underground water pollution, underground water adjustment and deposit, landslide, debris flow and ground cave-in from aspects of economics uation process of geological environment risk, harm or risk recognition, harm uating calculation of geological environment accident, risk judgment and control,as by use of examples about economics uation of geological environment risk in Shijiazhuang, Beijing, Tianshui and so on. Major innovational ideas and views are as follows1.The view that geological environment source has little worth is wrong, which is bad for construction of resource-saving and environmentally-friendly society. The geological environment source is different with general environment source, which doesn’t only have use value, but has value. The value consists of general labor value condensated in it and nature value ed in nature process or general value. Adopting the s of“source base price compensatory value”and“cost profit compensatory value”to calculate it.2.Definitely elaborating geological environment and its value characters for the first time. It is believed that geological environment values are different in the same place if which is used for different functions. The geological environment suitability or quality is connected with land use types. the poorer the suitability or quality, the lower the value, and vice versa.3.Putting forward the value loss of geological environment function can be uated by“Recovery cost, Protection expenditure, Market value, Value-concentration loss rate, Opportunity cost”and so on, and also using examples to explain s and processes of geological environment value loss caused by underground water pollution, landslide, debris flow and ground cave-in.4.Illustrating the relation between geological environment value and geological environment risk for the fist time. It is considered that there is the inverse relation between them on the premise of land use types are the same. That is to say, geological environment risk is lower in the conditions of better suitability and quality, higher capacity and bigger capability, and vice versa.5.Advancing new uation or calculation s of accidents risk level and probability for underground water, collapse, landslide, debris flow and karst collapse in accordance with different of geological environment and accident occur mechanism, law and character, and using practical examples to illustrate s, steps and processes of risk assessment for hazards as above stated.;