ANSIAWWA M45-2005 玻璃钢管道设计规程(美国水工协会).pdf

Addendum to AWWA Manual M45, Fiberglass Pipe Design Approved by the AWWA Standards Council on Sept. 11, 2006. p. 63, Table 5-4, Note 2 should read as follows 2. SC1 soils have higher stiffness than SC2 soils, but data on specific soil stiffness values are not available at the current time. Until such data are available, the soil stiffness of placed, uncompacted SC1 soils can be taken equivalent to SC2 soils compacted to 95 of maximum standard Proctor density SPD95, and the soil stiffness of compacted SC1 soils can be taken equivalent to SC2 soils compacted to 100 of maximum standard Proctor density SPD100. Even if placed uncom- pacted i.e., dumped, SC1 materials should always be worked into the haunch zone to assure complete placement, see Sec. 6.7.3. p. 80, Table 6-1, Note 3 should read as follows 3. SC1 soils have higher stiffness than SC2 soils, but data on specific soil stiffness values are not available at the current time. Until such data are available, the soil stiffness of placed, uncompacted SC1 soils can be taken equivalent to SC2 soils compacted to 95 of maximum standard Proctor density SPD95, and the soil stiffness of compacted SC1 soils can be taken to be equivalent to SC2 soils compacted to 100 of maximum standard Proctor density SPD100. Even if placed uncompacted i.e., dumped, SC1 materials should always be worked into the haunch zone to assure complete placement, see Sec. 6.7.3. Science and Technology AWWA unites the drinking water community by developing and distributing authoritative scientific and technological knowledge. Through its members, AWWA develops industry standards for products and processes that advance public health and safety. AWWA also provides quality improvement programs for water and wastewater utilities. Fiberglass Pipe Design AWWA MANUAL M45 Second Edition Printed on recycled paper MANUAL OF WATER SUPPLY PRACTICESM45, Second Edition Fiberglass Pipe Design Copyright 2005 American Water Works Association All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any ination or retri system, except in the of brief excerpts or quotations for review purposes, without the written permission of the publisher. Disclaimer The authors, contributors, editors, and publisher do not assume responsibility for the validity of the content or any consequences of their use. In no event will AWWA be liable for direct, indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages arising out of the use of ination presented in this book. In particular, AWWA will not be responsible for any costs, including, but not limited to, those incurred as a result of lost revenue. In no event shall AWWA’s liability exceed the amount paid for the purchase of this book. Senior Acquisitions Manager Colin Murcray Project Manager/Copy Editor Mary Kay Kozyra Produced by Glacier Publishing Services, Inc. Cover photo courtesy of Hobas Pipe USA, Houston, Texas Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Fiberglass pipe design.--2nd ed. p. cm. -- AWWA manual ; M45. Rev. ed of Fiberglass pipe design manual. c1996. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 1-58321-358-9 1. Water-pipes--Design and construction. 2. Reinforced plastics. 3. Glass fibers. I. American Water Works Association. II. Fiberglass pipe design manual. III. Series. TA448.F53 2005 628.15--dc22 2004062673 Printed in the United States of America. American Water Works Association 6666 West Quincy Avenue Denver, CO 80235-3098 Contents iii List of Figures, vii List of Tables, xi Foreword, xiii Preface, xv Acknowledgments, xvii Chapter 1 History and Use..................1 1.1Introduction, 1 1.2History, 1 1.3Applications, 2 1.4Standards, Specifications, and Reference Documents, 2 1.5Terminology, 7 Chapter 2 Materials, Properties, and Characteristics........9 2.1General, 9 2.2Characteristics, 9 2.3The Material System, 10 2.4Other Components, 12 2.5Physical Properties, 12 2.6Mechanical Properties, 15 Chapter 3 Manufacturing................... 19 3.1Introduction, 19 3.2Filament Winding, 19 3.3Centrifugal Casting, 22 Reference, 24 Chapter 4 Hydraulics.................... 25 4.1Hydraulic Characteristics, 25 4.2Preliminary Pipe Sizing, 25 4.3Typical Pipe Diameters, 26 4.4Pressure Reduction Calculations, 27 4.5Head Loss in Fittings, 30 4.6Energy Consumption Calculation Procedure, 32 4.7Pressure Surge, 34 4.8Design Examples, 35 References, 41 Chapter 5 Buried Pipe Design................. 43 5.1Introduction, 43 5.2Terminology, 43 5.3Design Conditions, 46 5.4Pipe Properties, 46 5.5Installation Parameters, 47 5.6Design Procedure, 47 5.7Design Calculations and Requirements, 47 iv 5.8Axial Loads, 67 5.9Special Design Considerations, 67 5.10Design Example, 67 References, 74 Chapter 6 Guidelines for Underground Installation of Fiberglass Pipe.......................... 75 6.1Introduction, 75 6.2Related Documents, 76 6.3Terminology, 77 6.4In Situ Soils, 79 6.5Embedment Materials, 79 6.6Trench Excavation, 83 6.7Pipe Installation, 85 6.8Field Monitoring, 91 6.9Contract Document Recommendations, 92 Reference, 92 Chapter 7 Buried Pipe Thrust Restraints............ 93 7.1Unbalanced Thrust Forces, 93 7.2Thrust Resistance, 94 7.3Thrust Blocks, 95 7.4Joints With Small Deflections, 97 7.5Restrained Tied Joints, 99 Chapter 8 Aboveground Pipe Design and Installation......105 8.1Introduction, 105 8.2Thermal Expansion and Contraction, 105 8.3Thermal Expansion Design, 106 8.4Supports, Anchors, and Guides, 111 8.5Bending, 116 8.6Thermal Conductivity, 117 8.7Heat Tracing, 117 8.8Characteristics and Properties, 118 8.9Design Examples, 120 Chapter 9 Joining Systems, Fittings, and Specials........125 9.1Introduction, 125 9.2Fiberglass Pipe Joining Systems Classification, 125 9.3Gasket Requirements, 126 9.4Joining Systems Description, 126 9.5Assembly of Bonded, Threaded, and Flanged Joints, 132 9.6Fittings and Specials, 135 9.7Service Line Connections, 137 Reference, 137 v Chapter 10 Shipping, Handling, Storage, and Repair.......139 10.1Introduction, 139 10.2Shipping, 139 10.3Handling, 140 10.4Storage, 142 10.5Repair, 143 Glossary, 147 Index, 153 List of AWWA Manuals, 159 This page intentionally blank. vii Figures 2-1Typical circumferential stress–strain curves, 15 2-2Typical axial stress–strain curves, 16 2-3Static vs. cyclic pressure testing, 16 3-1Filament winding process, 20 3-2Application of impregnated glass reinforcement of a filament-wound pipe, 20 3-3Continuous advancing mandrel , 21 3-4Finished pipe emerging from curing oven, 22 3-5Preed glass reinforcement sleeve , 22 3-6Chopped glass reinforcement , 23 3-7Application of glass, resin, and sand, 23 4-1Friction pressure loss due to water flow through fiberglass pipe, 27 4-2Moody diagram for determination of friction factor for turbulent flow, 31 5-1Distribution of AASHTO HS-20 or HS-25 live load through granular fill for h ≤ 45 in. 1.14 m, 54 5-2AASHTO HS-20 live load, soil load 120 pcf, and total load graph, 58 5-3AASHTO HS-25 live load, soil load 120 pcf, and total load graph, 58 5-4Cooper E80 live load, soil load 120 pcf, and total load graph, 59 6-1Trench cross-section terminology, 78 6-2Examples of bedding support, 86 6-3Accommodating differential settlement, 87 6-4Cross-over of adjacent piping systems, 87 6-5Proper compaction under haunches, 89 7-1Thrust force definitions, 94 7-2Typical thrust blocking of a horizontal bend, 95 7-3Typical profile of vertical bend thrust blocking, 97 7-4Restraint of thrust at deflected joints on long-radius horizontal curves, 98 7-5Computation diagram for earth loads on trench conduits, 100 7-6Restraint of uplift thrust at deflected joints on long-radius vertical curves, 101 7-7Thrust restraint with tied joints at bends, 101 7-8Length of tied pipe on each leg of vertical uplift bend, 103 8-1Typical expansion joint installation, 108 8-2Expansion loop dimensions, 109 8-3Directional change, 111 8-4Guide support, 111 viii 8-5Anchor support, 112 8-6Typical support, 113 8-7Fiberglass wear protection cradle, 115 8-8Steel wear protection cradle, 116 8-9Vertical support, 116 9-1Tapered bell-and-spigot joint, 127 9-2Straight bell and straight spigot joint, 127 9-3Tapered bell and straight spigot joint, 127 9-4Overlay joint construction, 128 9-5Overlay joint, 128 9-6Tapered ends overlay joint, 128 9-7Bell-and-spigot overlay joint, 129 9-8Single-gasket bell-and-spigot joint, 129 9-9Single-gasket spigot, 129 9-10Double-gasket bell-and-spigot joint, 130 9-11Double-gasket spigot, 130 9-12Gasketed coupling joint, 130 9-13Gasketed coupling jointcross section, 131 9-14Restrained-gasketed bell-and-spigot joint, 131 9-15Restrained-gasketed coupling joint, 131 9-16Restrained-gasketed threaded bell-and-spigot O-ring joint, 131 9-17Fiberglass flange to fiberglass and steel flange joint, 132 9-18Fiberglass flanges to flanged steel valve connection, 132 9-19Fiberglass flange with grooved face for O-ring seal, 133 9-20Mechanical coupling joint, 133 9-21Compression molded fittings, 136 9-22Flanged compression molded fittings, 136 9-23Mitered fitting configurations, 136 9-24Mitered fitting, 137 9-25Mitered fitting fabrication, 137 9-26Mitered fittings, 138 9-27Mitered fitting field fabrication, 138 9-28Fittings field assembly, 138 10-1Pipe shipment by truck, 140 10-2Single sling handling, 141 10-3Double sling handling, 141 w w w . b z f x w . c o m ix 10-4Unitized small-diameter bundle, 141 10-5Unitized load handling, 142 10-6Handling nested pipes, 142 10-7Denesting pipes, 143 10-8Pipe stacking, 143 10-9Patch, 144 10-10Cut out and replace, 144 10-11Steel coupling, 144 w w w . b z f x w . c o m This page intentionally blank. w w w . b z f x w . c o m xi Tables 2-1Mechanical properties range, 14 4-1Typical K factors for fiberglass fittings, 32 5-1Shape factors, 51 5-2AASHTO HS-20, HS-25, and Cooper E80 live loads, 57 5-3Soil classification chart, 61 5-4Msb based on soil type and compaction condition, 62 5-5Values for the soil support combining factor Sc, 64 5-6Values for the constrained modulus of the native soil at pipe zone elevation, 64 5-7Conditions and parameters for design example, 68 6-1Soil stiffness categories, 80 6-2Recommendations for installation and use of soils and aggregates for foundation and pipe zone embedment, 81 6-3Maximum particle size for pipe embedment, 82 7-1Horizontal soil-bearing strengths, 96 8-1Minimum support width for 120 contact supports, 115 w w w . b z f x w . c o m This page intentionally blank. w w w . b z f x w . c o m xiii Foreword The American Water Works Association prepares documents, including manuals, for water supply service applications. Chapters 1 and 2 of this manual contain general ination about applications other than water supply service for fiberglass pipe for inational and historical purposes. The use of this manual is intended for water supply service applications. w w w . b z f x w . c o m This page intentionally blank. w w w . b z f x w . c o m xv Preface This is the second edition of AWWA Manual M45, Fiberglass Pipe Design. This man- ual provides the reader with both technical and general ination to aid in the design, specification, procurement, installation, and understanding of fiberglass pipe and fittings. It is a discussion of recommended practice, not an AWWA standard call- ing for compliance with certain specifications. It is intended for use by utilities and municipalities of all sizes, whether as a reference book or textbook for those not fully familiar with fiberglass pipe and fitting products. Design engineers and consultants may use this manual in preparing plans and specifications for new fiberglass pipe design projects. The manual covers fiberglass pipe and fitting products and certain appurtenances and their application to practical installations, whether of a standard or special nature. For adequate knowledge of these products, the entire manual should be stud- ied. Readers will also find the manual a useful source of ination when assistance is needed with specific or unusual conditions. The manual contains a list of applicable national standards, which may be purchased from the respective standards organiza- tions e.g., American Water Works Association, American Society for Testing and Materials, etc.. w w w . b z f x w . c o m This page intentionally blank. w w w . b z f x w . c o m xvii Acknowledgments The American Water Works Association AWWA Fiberglass Pipe Design Manual Sub- committee, which developed this manual, had the following personnel at the time Richard C. Turkopp, Chair A.B. Colthorp, Lake St. Louis, Mo.AWWA R.P. Fuerst, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Denver, Colo.AWWA N.E. Kampbell, Inliner Technologies, Paoli, Ind.AWWA David Kozman, Rinker-Pipeline Renewal, Hilliard, OhioAWWA Jim Loeffler, Interplastics Corp., Minneapolis, Minn.AWWA A.M. May, Little Rock, Ark.AWWA William McCann, Amitech America, Zachary, La.AWWA T.J. McGrath, Simpson Gumpertz thixotropic agents; and pigments or dyes. By selecting the proper combination of resin, glass fibers, fillers, and design, the fabricator can create a product that offers a broad range of properties and perance characteristics. Over the years, the diversity and versatility of materials used to manufacture fiberglass pipe have led to a variety of names for fiberglass pipe. Among these are reinforced thermosetting resin pipe RTRP, reinforced polymer mortar pipe RPMP, fiberglass reinforced epoxy FRE, glass reinforced plastic GRP, and fiberglass reinforced plas- tic FRP. Fiberglass pipes have also been categorized by the particular manufactur- ing processfilament winding or centrifugal casting. Frequently, the particular resin used to manufacture the fiberglass pipeepoxy, polyester, or vinyl esterhas been used to classify or grade fiberglass pipes. Regardless of the many possible combinations, the most common and useful desig- nation is simply “fiberglass pipe.” This name encompasses all of the various available products and allows consideration as a unique and general class of engineering materials. 1.2HISTORY Fiberglass pipe was introduced in 1948. The earliest application for fiberglass piping, and still one of the most widely used, is in the oil industry. Fiberglass pipe was selected as a corrosion-resistant alternative to protected steel, stainless steel, and other more exotic metals. Product lines expanded to include applications of increas- ingly high pressure and down-hole tubing with threaded connections. In the late 1950s, larger diameters became available and fiberglass pipe was increasingly used in the chemical process industry because of the pipe’s inherent corrosion-resistant characteristics. Since the 1960s, fiberglass pipe products have been used for municipal water and sew- age applications. Fiberglass pip