BS_EN_1993-2-2006_欧洲法规3．钢结构的设计．第2部分钢桥.pdf

BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 1993-22006 Eurocode 3 Design of steel structures Part 2 Steel bridges The European Standard EN 1993-22006 has the status of a British Standard ICS 91.010.30; 91.080.10; 93.040 Licensed Copy x x, University of Glamorgan, Mon Apr 23 153015 GMT0000 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, c BSI BS EN 1993-22006 This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 November 2006 BSI 2006 ISBN 0 580 49664 3 National foreword This British Standard was published by BSI. It is the UK implementation of EN 1993-22006. It partially supersedes BS 5400-32000. This standard will be withdrawn by March 2010 at the latest. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee B/525, Building and civil engineering structures, to Subcommittee B/525/31, Structural use of steel. A list of organizations represented on B/525/31 can be obtained on request to its secretary. The structural Eurocodes are divided into packages by grouping Eurocodes for each of the main materials concrete, steel, composite concrete and steel, timber, masonry and aluminium; this is to enable a common date of withdrawal DOW for all the relevant parts that are needed for a particular design. The conflicting national standards will be withdrawn at the end of the coexistence period, after all the EN Eurocodes of a package are available. Following publication of the EN, there is a period allowed for national calibration during which the National Annex is issued, followed by a coexistence period of a maximum three years. During the coexistence period Member States are encouraged to adapt their national provisions. Conflicting national standards will be withdrawn by March 2010 at the latest. Where a normative part of this EN allows for a choice to be made at national level, the range and possible choice will be given in the normative text, and a note will qualify it as a Nationally Determined Parameter NDP. NDPs can be a specific value for a factor, a specific level or class, a particular or a particular application rule if several are proposed in the EN. To enable EN 1993-1-11 to be used in the UK, the NDPs will be published in a National Annex, which will be made available by BSI in due course after public consultation has taken place. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. DateComments Licensed Copy x x, University of Glamorgan, Mon Apr 23 153015 GMT0000 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, c BSI EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 1993-2 October 2006 ICS 91.010.30; 91.080.10; 93.040Supersedes ENV 1993-21997 English Version Eurocode 3 - Design of steel structures - Part 2 Steel Bridges Eurocode 3 - Calcul des structures en acier - Partie 2 Ponts mtalliques Eurocode 3 - Bemessung und konstruktion von Stahlbauten - Teil 2 Stahlbrcken This European Standard was approved by CEN on 9 January 2006. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions English, French, German. A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2006 CENAll rights of exploitation in any and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 1993-22006 E Licensed Copy x x, University of Glamorgan, Mon Apr 23 153015 GMT0000 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, c BSI EN 1993-2 2006 E 2 Contents Page 1 General..................................................................................................................................................... 9 1.1 Scope 9 1.2 Normative references 9 1.3 Assumptions 10 1.4 Distinction between principles and application rules 10 1.5 Terms and definitions 10 1.6 Symbols 11 1.7 Conventions for member axes 11 2 Basis of design........................................................................................................................................ 11 2.1 Requirements 11 2.2 Principles of limit state design 12 2.3 Basic variables 13 2.4 Verification by the partial factor 13 2.5 Design assisted by testing 13 3 Materials................................................................................................................................................. 13 3.1 General 13 3.2 Structural steel 13 3.3 Connecting devices 15 3.4 Cables and other tension elements 16 3.5 Bearings 16 3.6 Other bridge components 16 4 Durability............................................................................................................................................... 17 5 Structural analysis................................................................................................................................. 18 5.1 Structural modelling for analysis 18 5.2 Global analysis 18 5.3 Imperfections 19 5.4 s of analysis considering material non-linearities 19 5.5 Classification of cross sections 19 6 Ultimate limit states............................................................................................................................... 20 6.1 General 20 6.2 Resistance of cross sections 20 6.3 Buckling resistance of members 23 6.4 Built-up compression members 27 6.5 Buckling of plates 27 7 Serviceability limit states...................................................................................................................... 28 7.1 General 28 7.2 Calculation models 28 7.3 Limitations for stress 29 7.4 Limitation of web breathing 29 7.5 Limits for clearance gauges 30 7.6 Limits for visual impression 30 7.7 Perance criteria for railway bridges 30 7.8 Perance criteria for road bridges 30 7.9 Perance criteria for pedestrian bridges 31 7.10 Perance criteria for the effect of wind 31 7.11 Accessibility of joint details and surfaces 31 7.12 Drainage 31 8 Fasteners, welds, connections and joints............................................................................................. 32 8.1 Connections made of bolts, rivets and pins 32 Licensed Copy x x, University of Glamorgan, Mon Apr 23 153015 GMT0000 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, c BSI w w w . b z f x w . c o m EN 1993-2 2006 E 3 8.2 Welded connections 34 9 Fatigue assessment................................................................................................................................. 36 9.1 General 36 9.2 Fatigue loading 37 9.3 Partial factors for fatigue verifications 37 9.4 Fatigue stress range 38 9.5 Fatigue assessment procedures 40 9.6 Fatigue strength 47 9.7 Post weld treatment 48 10 Design assisted by testing.................................................................................................................. 48 10.1 General 48 10.2 Types of tests 48 10.3 Verification of aerodynamic effects on bridges by testing 48 Annex A [inative] – Technical specifications for bearings................................................................ 50 A.1 Scope 50 A.2 Symbols 51 A.3 General 51 A.4 Preparation of the bearing schedule 54 A.5 Supplementary rules for particular types of bearings 64 Annex B [inative] – Technical specifications for expansion joints for road bridges....................... 66 B.1 Scope 66 B.2 Technical specifications 67 B.3 Imposed loads, displacements and rotations from bridge movements 69 Annex C [inative] – Recommendations for the structural detailing of steel bridge decks............. 70 C.1 Highway bridges 70 C.2 Railway bridges 80 C.3 Tolerances for semi-finished products and fabrication 83 Annex D [inative] – Buckling lengths of members in bridges and assumptions for geometrical imperfections.................................................................................................................................................. 91 D.1 General 91 D.2 Trusses 91 D.3 Arched Bridges 96 Annex E [inative] – Combination of effects from local wheel and tyre loads and from global traffic loads on road bridges....................................................................................................................... 101 E.1 Combination rule for global and local load effects 101 E.2 Combination factor 102 Licensed Copy x x, University of Glamorgan, Mon Apr 23 153015 GMT0000 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, c BSI w w w . b z f x w . c o m EN 1993-2 2006 E 4 Foreword This European Standard EN 1993-2, Eurocode 3 Design of steel structures Part 2 Steel bridges, has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC250 Structural Eurocodes , the Secretariat of which is held by BSI. CEN/TC250 is responsible for all Structural Eurocodes. This European Standard shall be given the status of a National Standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2007 and conflicting National Standards shall be withdrawn at latest by March 2010. This Eurocode supersedes ENV 1993-2. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the National Standard Organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Background of the Eurocode programme In 1975, the Commission of the European Community decided on an action programme in the field of construction, based on article 95 of the Treaty. The objective of the programme was the elimination of technical obstacles to trade and the harmonisation of technical specifications. Within this action programme, the Commission took the initiative to establish a set of harmonised technical rules for the design of construction works which, in a first stage, would serve as an alternative to the national rules in force in the Member States and, ultimately, would replace them. For fifteen years, the Commission, with the help of a Steering Committee with Representatives of Member States, conducted the development of the Eurocodes programme, which led to the first generation of European codes in the 1980’s. In 1989, the Commission and the Member States of the EU and EFTA decided, on the basis of an agreement1 between the Commission and CEN, to transfer the preparation and the publication of the Eurocodes to the CEN through a series of Mandates, in order to provide them with a future status of European Standard EN. This links de facto the Eurocodes with the provisions of all the Council’s Directives and/or Commission’s Decisions dealing with European standards e.g. the Council Directive 89/106/EEC on construction products – CPD – and Council Directives 93/37/EEC, 92/50/EEC and 89/440/EEC on public works and services and equivalent EFTA Directives initiated in pursuit of setting up the internal market. The Structural Eurocode programme comprises the following standards generally consisting of a number of Parts EN 1990 Eurocode 0 Basis of structural design EN 1991 Eurocode 1 Actions on structures EN 1992 Eurocode 2 Design of concrete structures EN 1993 Eurocode 3 Design of steel structures EN 1994 Eurocode 4 Design of composite steel and concrete structures EN 1995 Eurocode 5 Design of timber structures EN 1996 Eurocode 6 Design of masonry structures EN 1997 Eurocode 7 Geotechnical design 1 Agreement between the Commission of the European Communities and the European Committee for Standardisation CEN concerning the work on EUROCODES for the design of building and civil engineering works BC/CEN/03/89. Licensed Copy x x, University of Glamorgan, Mon Apr 23 153015 GMT0000 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, c BSI w w w . b z f x w . c o m EN 1993-2 2006 E 5 EN 1998 Eurocode 8 Design of structures for earthquake resistance EN 1999 Eurocode 9 Design of aluminium structures Eurocode standards recognise the responsibility of regulatory authorities in each Member State and have safeguarded their right to determine values related to regulatory safety matters at national level where these continue to vary from State to State. Status and field of application of Eurocodes The Member States of the EU and EFTA recognise that Eurocodes serve as reference documents for the following purposes – as a means to prove compliance of building and civil engineering works with the essential requirements of Council Directive 89/106/EEC, particularly Essential Requirement N1 - Mechanical resistance and stability - and Essential Requirement N2 - Safety in case of fire; – as a basis for specifying contracts for construction works and related engineering services; – as a framework for drawing up harmonised technical specifications for construction products ENs and ETAs The Eurocodes, as far as they concern the construction works themselves, have a direct relationship with the Interpretative Documents2 referred to in Article 12 of the CPD, although they are of a different nature from a harmonised product standard3. Therefore, technical aspects arising from the Eurocodes work need to be adequately considered by CEN Technical Committees and/or EOTA Working Groups working on product standards with a view to achieving a full compatibility of these technical specifications with the Eurocodes. The Eurocode standards provide common structural design rules for everyday use for the design of whole structures and component products of both a traditional and an innovative nature. Unusual s of construction or design conditions are not specifically covered and additional expert consideration will be required by the designer in such cases. Na