BS_EN_14630-2006_混凝土结构的保护和修整用产品和设备．试验方法．用酚酞方法对硬化混凝土中碳化作用深度的测定.pdf

BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 146302006 Products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete structures Test s Determination of carbonation depth in hardened concrete by the phenolphthalein The European Standard EN 146302006 has the status of a British Standard ICS 91.100.30 BS EN 146302006 This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 November 2006 BSI 2006 ISBN 0 580 49622 8 National foreword This British Standard was published by BSI. It is the UK implementation of EN 146302006. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee B/517, Concrete, to Subcommittee B/517/8, Protection and repair of concrete structures. A list of organizations represented on B/517/8 can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. DateComments 标准分享网 w w w .b z f x w .c o m 免费下载 w w w . b z f x w . c o m EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 14630 October 2006 ICS 91.100.30 English Version Products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete structures - Test s - Determination of carbonation depth in hardened concrete by the phenolphthalein Produits et systmes pour la protection et la rparation des structures en bton - Mthodes dessais - Mesurage de la profondeur de carbonatation dun bton arm par la mthode phnolphtaleine Produkte und Systeme fr den Schutz und die Instandsetzung von Betontragwerken - Prfverfahren - Bestimmung der Karbonatisierungstiefe im Festbeton mit der Phenolphthalein-Prfung This European Standard was approved by CEN on 7 September 2006. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions English, French, German. A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2006 CENAll rights of exploitation in any and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 146302006 E w w w . b z f x w . c o m EN 146302006 E 2 Contents Page Foreword..............................................................................................................................................................3 Introduction.........................................................................................................................................................4 1 Scope ......................................................................................................................................................5 2 Normative references............................................................................................................................5 3 Materials and apparatus........................................................................................................................5 4 Test procedure .......................................................................................................................................5 4.1 Sampling.................................................................................................................................................5 4.2 Determination of carbonation depth....................................................................................................6 4.3 Measurement of carbonation depth.....................................................................................................6 5 Test report..............................................................................................................................................8 标准分享网 w w w .b z f x w .c o m 免费下载 w w w . b z f x w . c o m EN 146302006 E 3 Foreword This document EN 146302006 has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 104 “Concrete and related products”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest April 2007, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2008. It has been prepared by sub-committee 8 “Protection and repair of concrete structures“ Secretariat AFNOR. This European Standard is one of a series dealing with products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete structures. It describes a for determining the depth of carbonation of concrete. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. w w w . b z f x w . c o m EN 146302006 E 4 Introduction Steel reinforcement in concrete may be at risk of corrosion if the cover is carbonated. ENV 1504-9 defines the principles for protection and repair of concrete structures which have suffered or may suffer damage or deterioration and gives guidance on the selection of products and systems which are appropriate for this intended use. To establish whether there is a sufficient depth of uncarbonated concrete to protect the reinforcement for the remainder of the design life of the structure, the total depth of cover and the depth of carbonation should be determined. The total depth of cover can be determined by physical measurement or by the use of a cover meter. The depth of carbonation determined as defined in this standard is the most widely used of measuring carbonation depth. It is measured by using the indicator phenolphthalein. Above a pH value of approximately 9 the indicator gives the concrete a red-purple colour. Only concrete which is coloured is sufficiently alkaline to provide passivity for steel. 标准分享网 w w w .b z f x w .c o m 免费下载 w w w . b z f x w . c o m EN 146302006 E 5 1 Scope The phenolphthalein test is intended to measure the depth of the carbonated layer near the surface of hardened concrete. It is not suitable for concrete made with calcium aluminate cement. It may be used on site or in the laboratory, on test specimens or on cores or fragments removed from hardened concrete structures. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document including any amendments applies. ENV 1504-9, Products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete structures - Definitions, Requirements, Quality control and uation of conity - Part 9 General principles for the use of products and systems 3 Materials and apparatus A solution of phenolphthalein indicator normally 1g phenolphthalein is dissolved in 70 ml ethyl alcohol and diluted to 100 ml with distilled or deionised water. A labelled container fitted with a nozzle to give a fine spray of indicator solution. NOTE Other suitable alcohols such as isopropyl alcohol may also be used to prepare the indicator solution. A measuring device to measure the distance from the surface of the concrete to the carbonation front, such as a calliper or ruler, capable of measuring to the nearest mm. 4 Test procedure 4.1 Sampling Samples shall be in accordance with a sampling plan prepared for the assessment or repair works according to ENV 1504-9. In situ testing may be carried out by chiselling from the structure under investigation to reveal an adequate area of freshly broken concrete. The test is normally carried out in situ. NOTE This may be done by drilling a series of holes into the concrete to allow a fresh surface to be broken between them. Alternatively, large fragments or core samples may be removed from the structure. Where cores are obtained by wet cutting or where the maximum nominal aggregate size exceeds 16 mm, the minimum nominal diameter of cores shall be 50 mm. Any surface water shall be removed from cores and fragments as quickly as possible. They shall be marked to indicate their location and orientation with respect to the original concrete surface, and shall then be stored in a dry place until tested, which should be as soon as possible after sampling. Cut or drilled surfaces shall not be used as they often give misleading results because they can expose and reactivate unhydrated cement particles in otherwise fully carbonated concrete. w w w . b z f x w . c o m EN 146302006 E 6 4.2 Determination of carbonation depth Cores shall be split along their longitudinal axis and as nearly as possible across the diameter of the core. Large fragments normally those with a smallest dimension of approximately 50 mm shall be split as nearly as possible perpendicularly to the original external concrete surface; smaller fragments should not be split further but tested immediately after they are removed from the structure. The freshly broken surfaces shall be cleared of any dust and loose particles without the use of water or abrasion and shall be sprayed with just enough phenolphthalein indicator solution to wet the surface without running down the surface. The test shall be completed as soon as possible after splitting the concrete face. NOTE 1 The instantaneous colour change to red-purple should be measured and recorded within 30 s of spraying. If the colour changes slowly and/or the boundary is diffuse the will not give accurate enough results in all cases and may indicate partial carbonation zones. In this case an alternative of test such as petrographic examination may be adopted to confirm site test results. NOTE 2 In the case of very dry concrete a light mist of water may be applied to the broken surface immediately prior to the application of phenolphthalein solution. NOTE 3 Care should be taken when this test is used on concrete containing or treated with hydrophobic materials, e.g. silanes, siloxanes, polymeric additives or water resisting admixtures. These may inhibit development of the characteristic purple colour even in uncarbonated concrete. Under these conditions there may be a delay of several minutes before the colour develops, and the colour may appear to be patchy when compared with untreated or unmodified CEM I concretes. It is not necessary to analyse the concrete prior to testing, but abnormal results may indicate that the concrete contains or has been treated with these materials. NOTE 4 The cannot distinguish between loss of alkalinity caused by carbonation or by other causes such as exposure to acids or other acidic gases. Where other causes may be present, their effects may be determined by laboratory analysis. 4.3 Measurement of carbonation depth The carbonation depth at any given point is the distance dk measured in mm from the external surface of the concrete to the edge of the red-purple coloured region. As in practice the carbonation front is irregular, both the average dk mean and maximum depth dk max shall be measured to the nearest mm Figure 1. 标准分享网 w w w .b z f x w .c o m 免费下载 w w w . b z f x w . c o m EN 146302006 E 7 Key 1 external surface 2 no colour change carbonated 3 red-purple colour uncarbonated A dk mean B dk max Figure 1 Carbonation front If there are isolated pockets, for example at cracks, where the maximum depth dk max is significantly greater than the mean dk mean Figure 2 then the value dk max shall not be included in the calculation of dk mean. The adjusted mean value dk mean and the maximum depth or depths dk max 1...n shall be recorded to the nearest mm, preferably on a drawing or photograph. Key A dk mean B dk max Figure 2 Isolated pockets of deeper carbonation w w w . b z f x w . c o m EN 146302006 E 8 5 Test report The test report shall include the following ination a date and time of test; b name of the person who carried out the test; c general weather conditions during in situ testing; d identification number and location of each sample and its exposure; e.g. sheltered from or exposed to rain, internal or external; e size and type of specimen used i.e. in situ, core or fragment; f the composition of the indicator solution used; g carbonation depth values as defined above; h a record of the carbonation profile where one is required by this standard e.g. as in Figure 2; i reference to this European Standard. Other relevant observations made at the time of obtaining samples may be included in the test report. The test report should record any slow development of coloration or creep back towards the surface that occurred after the original result was recorded within say 30 s of spraying e.g. carbonation was 15 mm crept back to 10 mm. Carbonation was 50 mm, boundary was diffuse. Any available ination on the mix design and age of the concrete shall be reported. The presence of any polymeric admixtures or additions or of hydrophobic treatments shall be reported where known. The ination shall be recorded in such a manner that it can be located and referred to at all times during the assessment or repair works. Sample locations shall be recorded on drawings of the construction works in a manner which allows the report of the relevant carbonation test to be identified. 标准分享网 w w w .b z f x w .c o m 免费下载 w w w . b z f x w . c o m blank w w w . b z f x w . c o m BS EN 146302006 BSI 389 Chiswick High Road London W4 4AL BSI British Standards Institution BSI is the independent nat