煤矿安全监测监控系统双回路供电自动切换装置的研究.pdf

1994-2009 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved. 煤矿安全监测监控系统双回路供电 自动切换装置的研究 张振龙 中国矿业大学北京资源与安全工程学院,北京100083 摘 要研究开发了应用于煤矿安全监测监控系统设备的双回路供电自动切换装置,实施双回路供 电和使用自动切换装置,实现安全监控系统地面中心站、 井下监测分站、 井下光纤环网交换机及信号中 继器等设备的不间断供电,解决了监控系统中的设备供电不稳定、 不可靠问题。通过该装置的研发与应 用,提出对煤矿安全监测监控系统国家相关标准中关于电源部分的条款进行修改建议。 关键词自动切换装置;双回路供电;安全监测监控系统;分站 中图分类号TD76 文献标志码B 文章编号1008 - 4495200903 - 0038 - 03 收稿日期2008 - 12 - 23;2009 - 04 - 28修订 作者简介张振龙1962 , 男,硕士,在读博士,从事煤 矿 “一通三防” 技术和管理工作。E- mail hkjtzzl 126. com。 1 煤矿安全监测监控系统供电现状及存在问题 我国煤矿都建立了矿井安全监测监控系统,实现 了对井下的瓦斯、CO、 温度、 风速、 压力、 风门开关、 机 电设备开停等进行实时监测监控,对瓦斯抽放管道中 的气体各种参数进行实时监测等功能。要实现该系 统正常运行,就必须保证地面和井下设备供电稳定可 靠。AQ 62012006煤矿安全监控系统通用技术要 求 中规定 “中心站应双回路供电并配备不小于2 h在 线式不间断电源”;MTΠT 10052006矿用分站 和 煤 矿安全规程 第一百六十条第四款规定 “当电网停电 后,系统必须保证正常工作时间不小于2 h” 。 目前,各种型号的安全监测监控系统的井下监 测分站、 交换机等设备均采取内接或外接备用直流 电源,当电网停电后而为之供电以维持系统和设备 的正常运行。但是,从鹤岗矿业集团各煤矿安全监 测监控系统多年的运行情况看,采用备用直流电源 的方法并没有很好地实现 “当电网停电后,系统必须 保证正常工作时间不小于2 h” 的规定。表1是峻德 矿三水平矸石暗斜井矿建042开拓掘进工作面7号 监测分站2007年10月1日至15日的运行情况,从 报告中可看出,电网停电频繁,直流电源供电时间不 足等。在15 d内7号分站供电电网总计停电24次, 同时分站切换到直流供电24次。由于分站直流电 源容量不够供电时间不足导致分站停止工作20 次,只有4次分站没有间断工作。在24次直流供电 中,供电时间最长仅30 min ,没有达到不小于 120 min的要求,由此得出当交流电网停电时间超过 30 min后,分站将处于停止工作状态。从表1中还 可看出,有20次分站停止工作,累计停止工作时间 40 h 10 min ,其中最长停止工作时间5 h 37 min。 表1 峻德矿042开拓掘进工作面7号监测分站运行报告 Ⅰ 日期 电网停电切换 到直流供电 开始时刻 直流电源 持续供 电时间 直流电源停止 供电导致分站 通讯中断时刻 电网复电分 站恢复通讯 时刻 分站停止 工作时间 2007 - 10 - 0116041130 min 8 s16 34191755481 h 11 min 29 s 2007 - 10 - 0210355630 min 3 s1105591258341 h 52 min 45 s 2007 - 10 - 0220241230 min 23 s2054352201321 h 6 min 57 s 2007 - 10 - 0408355530 min0905551354374 h 48 min 42 s 2007 - 10 - 0503264330 min 5 s04064804293832 min 50 s 2007 - 10 - 050835585 min 24 sΠ084122Π 2007 - 10 - 0516351630 min 30 s1705461943282 h 37 min 42 s 2007 - 10 - 0607583730 min 9 s08284608391410 min 26 s 2007 - 10 - 061335512 min 35 sΠ133826Π 2007 - 10 - 0800514930 min 7 s0121560552564 h 31 min 2007 - 10 - 0911453230 min 8 s1215401552183 h 36 min 38 s 2007 - 10 - 1005391730 min 12 s0609280741251 h 31 min 56 s 2007 - 10 - 1008124430 min 21 s08433508543111 min 26 s 2007 - 10 - 1017112730 min 30 s17415717574215 min 45 s 2007 - 10 - 1019080523 min 28 sΠ193133Π 2007 - 10 - 102226327 min 47 sΠ223419Π 2007 - 10 - 1115415230 min 7 s1611592149035 h 37 min 4 s 2007 - 10 - 1303213230 min 8 s0351400533381 h 8 min 58 s 2007 - 10 - 1312015730 min 15 s1232121433252 h 1 min 13 s 2007 - 10 - 1409224330 min 10 s0952 530956115 h 3 min 18 s 2007 - 10 - 1421375430 min 4 s22075822440436 min 6 s 2007 - 10 - 1510105830 min 5 s10410311283540 min 32 s 2007 - 10 - 1513442130 min 8 s1414291516091 h 1 min 40 s 2007 - 10 - 1518195330 min 8 s1850052031441 h 41 min 43 s 说明起始时间2007 - 10 - 01 T000000;终止时间2007 - 10 - 15 T235959。 83 2009年6月 矿业安全与环保 第36卷第3期 1994-2009 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved. 从上述分析得出,给分站供电的电网供电不稳 定、 不可靠,停电频繁;当电网停电超过直流供电能 力时,分站将处于停止运行状态;另外,地面中心站 虽然接设双回路供电,但是主辅电源需要人工切换; 尽管地面中心站配备了不小于2 h的在线式不间断 电源,但是当主电源停电时间超过在线式不间断直 流电源供电能力时,地面中心站将处于停止运行 状态。 直流电源供电时间达不到2 h的主要原因是分 站和交换机的备用直流电源的电池为铅酸、 镍氢或 镉镍电池,该电池特性是需要定期充放电来维护电 池的使用寿命,如果放电时没有做到放干净就充电, 电池会产生“记忆” 性,电池容量下降,而且监测分 站都没有自动充、 放电的功能,所以分站和交换机新 投用的备用电池几十天就因为没有正常充放电产生 “记忆”而容量降低。井下交流电网停电时间和原 因有时是不确定的,所以不能增设分站或交换机的 自动充放电功能,即使其有自动充放电功能,当备用 电池在放电过程中电网一旦停电,此时也无法保证 直流备用电源2 h的供电要求。所以分站和交换机 的备用直流电源没有真正实现 “当电网停电后,系统 必须保证正常工作时间不小于2 h” 的规定。 2 解决问题的技术方案 为保证煤矿安全监测监控系统的分站和交换机 等设备稳定、 可靠地供电,研究开发了一种隔爆型双 回路供电自动切换装置以下简称自动切换装置。 安全监测监控系统中心站、 井下分站、 中继器等设备 采用双回路电源供电,当主电源停电后,自动切换装 置自动将备用电源接入,当主电源恢复供电后切换 装置会自动切换到主电源供电,从而实现供电的连 续性和可靠性。监测分站双回路供电见图1。 图1 瓦斯监测分站双回路供电示意图 峻德矿三水平的监测分站双回路供电,主电源 取自局部通风机的 “三专” 供电专用变压器、 专用线 路、 专用开关的543 电源,辅电源取自生产用电的 542 电源。只要543 和542 线路电源的其中一路 有电,该装置就有电源输出,监测分站就能够正常工 作。当主电源543 线路停电时,自动切换装置在 20 ms内切换到辅电源542 线路,由辅电源对监测 分站进行供电,当主电源543 线路恢复正常供电 后,自动切换装置会自动切换到主电源543 线路对 分站进行供电。 3 自动切换装置的原理及特点 基于对安全监测监控系统供电的要求来确定自 动切换装置要实现的功能。自动切换装置的原理如 图2所示,共由4个部分组成,即检测单元、 控制单 元、 电源输出切换单元和遥控单元。自动切换装置 电路原理见图3。自动切换装置单片机程序由初始 化、 信号采集、 工况判断、 工作状态指示输出、 电源输 出切换及运算子程序等几部分组成。 图2 隔爆型双回路供电自动切换装置原理框图 图3 隔爆型双回路供电自动切换装置电路原理图 该装置通电后,自动复位电路使单片机复位并 进行初始化,进入初始化程序,对各功能寄存器和标 志位进行设置,检测输入电源是否正常,选择正常的 供电电源输出并由LED发光管指示工作状态。 93 2009年6月 矿业安全与环保 第36卷第3期 1994-2009 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved. 对电源是否正常供电进行多次判断。在辅电源 供电状态时,当主电源恢复正常后,自动切换装置不 立刻切换到主电源,而是对主电源状态是否正常进 行多次判断,确认正常后,才切换到主电源供电。当 双回路电源都在停电状态下同时或分别复电时,自 动切换装置会自动将主电源或辅电源送入监测分站 对其供电。自动切换装置功率为300 W ,额定电流 0. 3 A ,输出可接3台监测分站;主辅电源切换时间 不大于20 ms ,切换时不影响监测分站的正常数据传 输和运行;可通过YHT1型通用遥控器对自动切换 装置供电输出进行供电和断电控制,并由指示灯指 示其工作状态。 4 应用及效果 在峻德矿进行工业性试验,自动切换装置安装 在三水平矸石暗斜井矿建042开拓掘进工作面 K J2007G1型7号监测分站供电线路上,该监测分站 共接入4个模拟量和4个开关量传感器。 表2是在K J2000监测监控系统计算机存储记 录中查得的7号分站运行报告。从2007年11月 1日至15日,15 d内发生2次双电源同时停电现象, 一次近3 h、 一次约1 h。分站发生2次直流供电,直 流供电时间30 min多一点,之后分站就处于停电状 态,累计停电时间3 h 43 min。 表2 峻德矿042开拓掘进工作面7号监测分站运行报告 Ⅱ 日期 电网停电切换 到直流供电 开始时刻 直流电源 持续供 电时间 直流电源停止 供电导致分站 通讯中断时刻 电网复电分 站恢复通讯 时刻 分站停止 工作时间 2007 - 11 - 0408355430 min 24 s0906181136272 h 30 min 9 s 2007 - 11 - 0913283230 min 8 s1358401511541 h 13 min 14 s 说明 1 起始时间2007 - 11 - 01 T000000;终止时间2007 - 11 - 15 T170417。 2 表格中的双回路电网2次停电,是有计划停电。当双回路电网停电时,直流电 源开始供电。 从表1和表2比较可看出,同样是15 d内,分站 停止工作次数由20次减少为2次,累计停止时间由 40 h 10 min减少为3 h 43 min。使用自动切换装置后 分站供电稳定性、 可靠性得到极大提高。 目前,集团公司各个矿井安全监测监控系统已 普遍使用该装置,其运行稳定,效果良好,分站停机 率大大降低,基本达到了关于系统供电的要求。 5 结论与建议 1 自动切换装置有效地保证了井下瓦斯监测 分站的连续供电,填补了煤矿安全监测监控系统供 电技术的空白,有广泛推广和应用价值。 2 自动切换装置能满足地面中心站计算机、 井 下监测分站、 交换机及信号中继器的双电源连续不 间断供电的要求。 3 建议把应用自动切换装置写到相关技术标 准和规定中,如果采用双回路供电安设自动切换装 置,分站和交换机可以不配备直流电源;修改局部通 风机 “三专” 供电的规定,允许安全监测监控系统井 下设备利用局部通风机的“三专” 线路供电;地面中 心站使用自动切换装置后,可以取消双机热备的 规定。 4 下一步要实现地面中心站对自动切换装置 运行状况的检测和运行状态记录功能;目前开发的 自动切换装置功率为300 W ,有待于开发更大功率 的自动切换装置,扩大其应用范围。 参考文献 [1]国家安全生产监督管理总局,国家煤矿安全监察局.煤 矿安全规程[S].北京煤炭工业出版社,2006. [2] AQ 62012006 ,煤矿安全监控系统通用技术要求[S]. [3] MTΠT 10052006 ,矿用分站[S]. 责任编辑吕晋英 上接第37页 该系统还包括软件部分,完成各部分的加载、 驱 动、 数据传送、 命令处理、 系统控制等。 3 结论 该系统采用黑白图像,像素为176点 144点 QCIF格式 , 灰度等级为256级。10 km的距离下 可支持有效数据传输速率33 kbitΠs。实验表明,该系 统所获得的视频图像质量良好,可以满足远程监控 的需要。摄像头可以通过电话线和处理中心相连, 数据传送流畅,系统稳定。 利用ADSL宽带技术实现远程实时监控系统,可 以在较为便宜的铜双绞线上传输数据流,并以图像 的形式实时传送到地面控制中心,对井下工作面的 情况实时监控。与其他同类监控系统相比,该系统 结构简单,成本低,使用灵活可靠,便于施工和维护。 参考文献 [1]孙继平,关永,张杰.基于DSP的矿井远程视频监控系统 [J ].湘潭矿业学院学报,20031 . [2] Draft G. 992. 1 Asymmetrical Digital Subcriber Line ADSL Transceivers , ITU - T Standard , 1999. [3] Utopia Lever 2 ,Version 1. 0 af - phy - 0039. 000 , The ATM Forum Technical Committee , 1995. [4]张进,戴旭初. ADSL宽带接入系统中UTOPIA接口的实 现[J ].电讯技术, 2000 ,402 . 责任编辑李 琴 04 2009年6月 矿业安全与环保 第36卷第3期 1994-2009 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved. Vol.36 No.3 2009MINING SAFETY ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTIONJune 2009 English Abstracts of This Issue Numerical Simulation of Gas Explosion Caused by Nitrogen Injection in Sealed Fire Area 1- Numerical simulation was made on the fire de2 velopment process in the sealed fire area in a high gassy mine with the simulation software FLUNET after nitrogen injection. The migration reg2 ularity of nitrogen and methane in the fire area was attained. The simu2 lated results showed that the nitrogen jet flow pushed methane forward to the fire area and caused methane explosion. After the data were pro2 cessed by the specialized software Tecplot , it came to the reason that methane explosion was induced through the analysison the fire area con2 dition at the moment just before methane explosion. These reasonable results further verified the viewpoint that methane explosion could be in2 duced by nitrogen injection and thus provided scientific basis for gas ex2 plosion prevention while nitrogen injection after fire area was sealed. Test on Impact Factors of Complex Dust Collection E ffect of Vortex Dust Control System and Wet Cyclone Dust Collection System 4-In this paper , a complex dust collection with the conbination of vortex dust control system and wet cyclone dust collection system was de2 scribed. Experimental study was made on different matching modes of the vortex dust control system and wet cyclone dust collection system by monitoring the dust concentration both at the operator’s position and the place 24m away from the heading face , and some best parameters were obtained such as the distance of the dust control system and dust collec2 tion system to the heading face , the gap width of vortex duct at the air outlet, the ratio of forcing to exhaust , etc.The experimental results have a certain reference value for the design and matching of the com2 plex dust control and collection system used at the site. Analysis on Drainage of Limestone Water in Coalbed Floor Based on Vi2 sual Modflow 7-On the basis of the hydrogeological concept model of the first mining district in Wolonghu Coal Mine , numerical simulation and analysis were conducted on the groundwater flow in this district by applying Visual Modflow software. The identification and verification of the model showed that this model can better reflect the actual hydrogeol2 ogy condition of the first mining district in Wolonghu Coal Mine. In ad2 dition , the dewatering effects on the limestone water in Taiyuan a2 tion under No. 10 Seamfloor in the first mining district of this mine were analyzed , this thus provided the basis for the control of the limestone water in Taiyuan ation under No. 10 Seam floor. Development of Autocontrolled Carbon Dioxide Reactor 10-T o counter the frequent occurrence of fire accidents in coal mines , an auto2 controlled carbon dioxide reactor for mine fire extinction was developed. This paper gives a description of the structure and principle of this reac2 tor , the design flow of the software , specifications and features , and the preparation work before its use. PLC is used in this reactor to automati2 cally control the electric valves and the concentrated sulphuric acid pump , which counteracted the weaknessof full manual control of the ex2 sisting CO2controllor and made the operation easier and safer. The pro2 cess of chemical reaction is controlled by PLC program , the reaction speed can be determined according to the real - time pressure of gas in the reaction vessel , and this can further guaranttee the safety of the re2 actor. In the course of use , the instruments can be operated simply , easily and fastly by the contrllor in a safe range , this can acurately con2 trol the reaction process of CO2reactor. The CO2reactor can produce large quantity of pure carbon dioxide , and has sufficient pressure to di2 rectly spurt CO2to the object on fire and quickly extinguish the fire . Experimental Study on Using Potassium Ferrate as a Coagulant for Mine Water Treatment 13-Under the conditions of different doses , pH value , temperature , the time of oxidation and flocculation , study was made on the flocculation effect of potassium ferrate on the mine water , analysis was conducted on the the removal degree of TDS and chroma from the mine water , meanwhile , comparative analysis on the floccula2 tion effect of potassiumferrate and PAC was also conducted. The results showed that the removal rate to turbidity and suspended substance can be up to 94 when the content of Potassium Ferrate and suspended substance is up to 0. 73 , the suitable pH value is 4 , the oxidation time and the flocculation time are respectively 10 min. , and the precipitation time is 1 hour. The experiment also showed that potassiumferrate has no treatment effect to TDS in water , but better treatment effect to Chroma , and has higher flocculation efficiency than that of PAC. Design and Development of YCS22 Hand - operating Oxygen Filling Pump 17 -The oxygenfilling devices presently used in mine rescue teams in our country use electricity as the power , once the power supply is cut off for some reason or there is no power supply in the field , the device can’ t be used , for this purpose , YCS22 hand - operating oxygen filling pump was developed.This paper gives a description of the design scheme , working principle and main specifications of this oxygen filling pump , the design of its main structures and the results of experimental verfication. This pump does not use electric power , has small volume , is easy to transport , and can be used for oxygen filling when power is cut off , there is no power supply or where there is no electric oxygen filling pum. Numerical Analysis on Mining E ffect of Floor with Faults -Influence of Fault’s Dip Angle on Mining E ffect 19-En engineering geo - me2 chanical model of rock mass in the floor withfaults was built according to the geologic characteristics of the coal seam floor , and the mining effect of floor was numerically simulated by the fast Lagrangian analysisof con2 tinua. The results showed that the fault’s dip angle has greater influence on mining effect of floor under the same geologic and mining conditions. When the workingface advanced to the fault , the smaller the fault’s dip angle , the deeper the failure depth of floor and the bigger the unloading range in floor. When the working face went throught the fault , the un2 loading depth in the floor increased with the increase of fault’s dip an2 gle , and the depth of deation and failure in the floor also increased. The fault was active.This revealed the mechanism of water inrush through fault in the mining floor. Prediction of Roof Water Inflow on Multi - working Faces under Mining E ffect 22-On the base of underground hydrodynamics , this paper described and derived a prediction ula for roof water inflow in the working face -the calculation ula for dynamic and static water quantity , and put forward the for determining the water level of roof aquifer and the boundary conditions of hydrological geology in work2 ingfaces when many working faces were mined one by one. The roof water inflow of unmined working faces in a mining district was predicted by taking a mining district in Jining No. 3 Coal Mine as an example , and the predicted values of water inflow are well identical to the mea2 sured values . Research on Comprehensive Control Technology for Limestone Water In2 rush in Liangbei Coalmine 28- Based on the systematical analysis of hydrogeology conditions , study was made on the water - inrush condi2 tions and mechanics by using the s of cluster analysis , numerical simulation and geophysical prospecting. Compared to the er experi2 ence of water - inrush control , the comprehensive technology of ground2 water drainage and grouting into the roof of Cambrian limestone aquifer for reconstructing the floor was proposed. By applying this technology , 2.1 million ton of coal was safely extracted from the mine , and better economic benefits were obtained. Study on Mine Voice Video Transmission Network Based on IEEE 802. 11 bΠg Prot