南窑头矿采动软弱半煤岩大巷变形机理及控制技术研究.pdf

硕士学位论文 南窑头矿采动软弱半煤岩大巷变形机理及 控制技术研究 Deation Mechanism and Control Technology of Weak Semi-coal Rock Roadway in Nanyaotou Mine 作者赵星智 导师柏建彪 教授 中国矿业大学 二〇二一年六月 学位论文使用授权声明学位论文使用授权声明 本人完全了解中国矿业大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，同意本人所撰 写的学位论文的使用授权按照学校的管理规定处理 作为申请学位的条件之一， 学位论文著作权拥有者须授权所在学校拥有学位 论文的部分使用权，即①学校档案馆和图书馆有权保留学位论文的纸质版和电 子版，可以使用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编学位论文；②为教学和 科研目的，学校档案馆和图书馆可以将公开的学位论文作为资料在档案馆、图书 馆等场所或在校园网上供校内师生阅读、浏览。另外，根据有关法规，同意中国 国家图书馆保存研究生学位论文。 （保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权书）。 作者签名导师签名 年月日年月日 中图分类号TD353学校代码10290 UDC622密级公开 中国矿业大学 硕士学位论文 南窑头矿采动软弱半煤岩大巷变形机理及 控制技术研究 Deation Mechanism and Control Technology of Weak Semi-coal Rock Roadway in Nanyaotou Mine 作者赵星智导师柏建彪教授 申请学位工学硕士学位培养单位矿业工程学院 学科专业采矿工程研究方向巷道围岩控制 答辩委员会主席李桂臣评 阅 人盲审 二○二一年六月 致谢致谢 三年的硕士研究生生涯转瞬即逝，回顾这三年的学习之路，心中感慨万千。 首先，感谢我的导师柏建彪教授对我在硕士研究生阶段的指导和教诲。在课 题组三年的学习经历和科研实践让我受益颇丰，对专业知识有了更深的把握，也 对未来的工作与生活有了更为清晰和确定的规划。柏老师以其严谨的学术态度、 渊博的学术知识、以及丰富的实践经验让我深深折服，对我的学业和生活给予了 巨大的帮助。本次论文从选题到研究、实践，以及最后的论文撰写均是在柏老师 的指导下完成的，柏老师在提出问题和解决问题方面给了我很大的帮助，在此表 达我对柏老师深深的敬意和诚挚的感谢柏老师，谢谢您。 其次，感谢课题组内王襄禹老师、闫帅老师和徐营老师对我学习和生活的指 导。在一次次的讲座和研讨中，老师同我们分享了很多不同的观点，在学术上给 予我们以启迪，使我们在学习的过程中受益良多。同时感谢课题组众师兄弟对我 在学习和生活中的帮助，以及在论文研究和撰写过程中给予的思考和建议。研究 生三年的快乐时光即将结束，我也将满载老师和同学的期望，继续展翅高飞。 感谢硕士论文开题、预答辩阶段的各位评审老师对我的指导，帮我在论文研 究过程中完善不足，开拓新思路，是我逐步完善论文的研究和撰写，谢谢各位老 师的指导和建议。 感谢我的家人、朋友和室友对我学业和研究的支持和鼓励，谢谢你们一直以 来的关心。 感谢本次论文中所引用的各文献的诸位学者， 你们的著作让我对问题的研究 更为清晰，也让我受益颇丰。 感谢各位评审本论文的专家们，谢谢你们于百忙之中抽出时间，也衷心期待 你们的指导和建议。 I 摘摘要要 针对南窑头矿四采区软弱半煤岩回风大巷围岩剧烈变形、失稳问题，采用现 场调研、理论分析、数值模拟和现场工业性试验相结合的方法，研究分析了软弱 半煤岩回风大巷围岩变形破坏特征，揭示了其变形破坏机理，开发了锚杆承载断 裂的数值计算方法，得到了采动作用下软弱半煤岩回风大巷锚杆分区断裂规律， 提出了软弱半煤岩大巷锚、注、底板反底拱支护技术，现场应用效果显著。详细 研究成果如下 （1）揭示了南窑头矿软弱半煤岩大巷变形破坏机理。建立了南窑头矿软弱 半煤岩大巷变形破坏力学分析模型， 研究得到了该巷稳定性的关键影响因素和影 响规律，其稳定性由两帮上部煤体、下部砂质泥岩以及两者间结构面决定；多次 动压扰动、反复开挖修复、支护强度不足诱使该巷处于频繁加卸载状态，变形破 坏向两帮深部发展，直至发生大变形破坏。 （2）确定了南窑头矿软弱半煤岩大巷围岩应力分布演化规律。掘进期间 大巷左帮和右帮（距右帮 35m 掘进了轨道大巷）的峰值应力位置分别距离帮部 12m 和 15m， 峰值应力大小分别为 16.8MPa 和 18.4MPa； 经历两次采动叠加作用， 两帮的峰值应力分别为 27.6MPa 和 30.1MPa，峰值位置分别为 19m 和 17m。 （3）确定了 FLAC3D 中 CABLE 单元受力破断的力学判据，开发了工程尺 度下 CABLE 单元受力破断的遍历算法。掘进期间随着大巷围岩变形增加，锚杆 载荷逐渐增加，但均处于弹性阶段，两帮的锚杆轴力大于顶板锚杆轴力；两次采 动叠加作用下，巷道两帮及顶板的锚杆载荷大于破断载荷，且两帮锚杆破断早于 顶板锚杆，左帮早于右帮。 （4）研究得到了南窑头矿半煤岩回风大巷分阶段围岩变形特征。掘进期间 巷道两帮和底板强度较小，其变形速度和最终变形量均高于顶板；在两侧工作面 采动影响下，巷道围岩应力增大，围岩进一步发生变形破坏，两帮和底板的破坏 加剧使得顶板下沉量显著增大，巷道顶、底板、左帮和右帮的变形量分别达到 643.3mm、578.8mm、732mm 和 727.3mm。 （5）提出了南窑头矿软弱半煤岩回风大巷锚注加固技术，确定了巷道顶板 和两帮采用高强锚杆、 锚索支护注浆加固的控制技术， 底板采用反底拱锚注支 护控制技术，采取该技术后大巷顶底板相对位移量和两帮相对位移量均小于 110mm，有效控制了四采区回风大巷围岩的稳定性，为类似生产地质条件下巷道 围岩控制提供参考。 该论文有图 54 幅，表 2 个，参考文献 94 篇。 关键词关键词软弱半煤岩；采动动压；大巷；大变形破坏；锚注支护 II Abstract Aiming at the problem of violent deation and instability of surrounding rock in weak semi-coal rock return airway in fourth mining area of Nanyaotou Coal Mine, the deation and failure characteristics of surrounding rock in weak semi-coal rock return airway were studied and analyzed by field investigation, theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and field industrial test. The deation and failure mechanism was revealed. The numerical calculation of bolt bearing fracture was developed. The fracture law of bolt in weak semi-coal rock return airway under mining action was obtained. The anchor, grouting and bottom arch support technology of weak semi-coal rock return airway was proposed, and the field application effect was remarkable.The detailed research results are as follows （1） The deation and failure mechanism of weak semi-coal rock roadway in Nanyaotou Mine is revealed. The deation and failure mechanical analysis model of weak semi-coal rock roadway in Nanyaotou Mine was established, and the key influencing factors and influencing laws of the stability of semi-coal rock roadway were obtained. The stability was determined by the upper coal body, the lower sandy mudstone and the structural plane between them of two sides. Multiple dynamic pressure disturbances, repeated excavation and repair, insufficient support strength induce the roadway in frequent loading and unloading state, deation and failure to two sides of deep development, until the occurrence of large deation and failure. （2） The evolution law of surrounding rock stress distribution of weak semi-coal rock roadway in Nanyaotou Mine was determined.During the excavation in the left side and right side of the roadway The belt roadway was in the right side 35m of the return airway the peak stress position were 12m and 15m from the side, the peak stress size were 16.8MPa and 18.4MPa. After two mining superposition, the peak stress of the two sides were 27.6 MPa and 30.1 MPa, and the peak positions were 19 m and 17 m, respectively. （3）The mechanical criterion of CABLE element stress fracture in FLAC3D was determined, and the traversal algorithm of CABLE element stress fracture under engineering scale was developed. During tunneling, with the increase of surrounding rock deation, the bolt load gradually increases, but both are in the elastic stage, and the axial force of the bolt on both sides is greater than that of the roof bolt. III Under the action of two mining superposition, the bolt load of the two sides and the roof of the roadway is greater than the breaking load, and the bolt breaking of the two sides is earlier than the roof bolt, and the left side is earlier than the right side. （4） The deation characteristics of surrounding rock in stages of semi-coal rock return airway in Nanyaotou Mine are obtained. During tunneling the strength of both sides and floor is small, and the deation speed and final deation are higher than the roof. Under the influence of mining on both sides of the working face, the stress of the surrounding rock of the roadway increases, and the surrounding rock is further deed and destroyed. The destruction of the two sides and the bottom plate makes the roof subsidence increase significantly. The deation of the roof, floor, left and right sides of the roadway are 643.3 mm, 578.8 mm, 732 mm and 727.3 mm, respectively. （5） Anchor-grouting reinforcement technology for weak semi-coal-rock return airway in Nanyaotou Mine was proposed. The control technology of high-strength bolt, anchor cable support and grouting reinforcement the roof and two sides of the roadway was determined. The back-bottom arch and anchor-grouting support control technology was used for the floor. After adopting this technology, the relative displacement of the roof and floor of the roadway and the relative displacement of the two sides were less than 110 mm, which effectively controlled the stability of the surrounding rock of the return airway in the fourth mining area, and provided reference for the control of the surrounding rock of the roadway under similar production geological conditions. There are 54 figures, 2 tables and 94 references in this paper. Keywords weaksemi-coalrock;miningdynamicpressure;roadway;large deation failure; bolt-grouting supporting IV 目目录录 摘摘要要............................................................................................................................ I 目目录录..........................................................................................................................IV 图清单图清单...................................................................................................................... VIII 表清单表清单........................................................................................................................XII 变量注释表变量注释表.............................................................................................................. XIII 1 绪论绪论............................................................................................................................1 1.1 研究背景及意义.....................................................................................................1 1.2 国内外研究现状.....................................................................................................2 1.3 研究内容与技术路线.............................................................................................8 2 软弱半煤岩回风大巷变形软弱半煤岩回风大巷变形规律规律及原因分析及原因分析..........................................................10 2.1 生产地质条件.......................................................................................................10 2.2 软弱半煤岩回风大巷围岩变形规律...................................................................12 2.3 巷道变形破坏分析...............................................................................................14 2.4 本章小结...............................................................................................................15 3 软弱半煤岩回风大巷变形破坏机理软弱半煤岩回风大巷变形破坏机理......................................................................16 3.1 回风大巷围岩变形破坏机理分析.......................................................................16 3.2 软弱半煤岩巷道锚杆、锚索支护数值模拟方法...............................................25 3.3 掘进期间回风大巷变形特征...............................................................................30 3.4 采动影响下回风大巷变形破坏特征...................................................................34 3.5 本章小结...............................................................................................................37 4 软弱半煤岩回风大巷围岩控制技术软弱半煤岩回风大巷围岩控制技术......................................................................39 4.1 加固技术的提出...................................................................................................39 4.2 卸压槽参数的确定...............................................................................................43 4.3 锚注加固软弱半煤岩大巷变形规律...................................................................47 4.4 本章小结...............................................................................................................53 5 工业性试验工业性试验...............................................................................................................54 5.1 回风大巷支护技术...............................................................................................54 5.2 半煤岩回风大巷注浆加固效果...........................................................................58 5.3 半煤岩回风大巷围岩变形特征...........................................................................62 5.4 锚杆索受力特征...................................................................................................64 5.5 本章小结...............................................................................................................65 V 6 结论结论..........................................................................................................................66 参考文献参考文献......................................................................................................................68 作者简历作者简历......................................................................................................................73 学位论文原创性声明学位论文原创性声明..................................................................................................74 学位论文数据集学位论文数据集..........................................................................................................75 VI Contents Abstract........................................................................................................................II Contents......................................................................................................................VI List of Figures..........................................................................................................VIII List of Tables.............................................................................................................XII List of Variables...................................................................................................... XIII 1 Introduction............................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Research Background and Significance...................................................................1 1.2 Research Status at Home and Abroad...................................................................... 2 1.3 Research Contents and Technical Route.................................................................. 8 2 Deation Law and Reason Analysis of Weak Semi-coal Rock Return Airway......................................................................................................................... 10 2.1 Productive Geological Condition...........................................................................10 2.2 Surrounding Rock Deation Law of Weak Semi-coal Return Airway.............12 2.3Analysis of Roadway Deation Failure............................................................14 2.4 Chapter Summary...................................................................................................15 3 Deation and Failure Mechanism of Weak Semi-coal Rock Return Airway16 3.1 Mechanism Analysis of Roadway Deation and Failure..................................16 3.2 Numerical Simulation of Bolts and Anchor Cables of Weak Semi-coal Rock Roadway............................................................................................................. 25 3.3 Deation Characteristics of Return Airway During Tunneling........................30 3.4 Deation and Failure Characteristics of ReturnAirway During Mining..........34 3.5 Chapter Summary...................................................................................................37 4Control Mechanism of Surrounding Rock in Semi - coal Rock Return Airway39 4.1 Presenting of Reinforcing Technology...................................................................39 4.2 Determination of Pressure Relief Groove Parameters............................................43 4.3 Deation Behavior of Roadway Surrounding Rock under Anchor Injection Modification and Reinforcement..................................................................................47 4.4 Chapter Summary...................................................................................................53 5 Industrial Test..........................................................................................................54 5.1 Support Technology of Return Airway...................................................................54 5.2 Grouting Reinforcement Effect of Half Coal and Soft Rock Return Airway.........58 VII 5.3 Deation Characteristics of Half Coal and Soft Rock ReturnAirway.............62 5.4 Stress Characteristics ofAnchor Cable..................................................................64 5.5 Chapter Summary...................................................................................................65 6 Conclusions.............................................................................................................. 66 References................................................................................................................... 68 Author’s Resume........................................................................................................73 Declaration of Thesis Originality..........