特厚煤层大采高综放工作面矿压显现与顶煤破碎规律研究.pdf

全日制硕士学位论文 特厚煤层大采高综放特厚煤层大采高综放工作面工作面矿压显现与矿压显现与顶煤破顶煤破碎碎 规律研究规律研究 申请人姓名 宋 远 指 导 教 师 李化敏 教授 学 位 类 别 工学硕士 专 业 名 称 矿业工程 研 究 方 向 矿山压力与岩层控制 河南理工大学能源科学与工程学院河南理工大学能源科学与工程学院 二二○一八年一八年六六月月 万方数据 万方数据 万方数据 中图分类号中图分类号TD325 密密 级公级公 开开 UDC622 单位代码单位代码10460 特厚煤层大采高综放特厚煤层大采高综放工作面工作面矿压显现与矿压显现与 顶煤破碎顶煤破碎规律研究规律研究 Study on Laws of Strata Behavior and Top Coal Cracking of Fully Mechanized Top Caving Mining Face with Large Mining Height in Extra Thick Coal Seam 申请人姓名申请人姓名 宋宋 远远 学位类别学位类别 工学硕士工学硕士 专 业 名专 业 名 称称 矿业工程矿业工程 研究方向研究方向 矿山压力与岩层控制矿山压力与岩层控制 导导 师师 李化敏李化敏 职职 称称 教教 授授 提 交 日提 交 日 期期 2018/06 答辩日期答辩日期 2018/06 河南理工大学 万方数据 致致 谢谢 光阴似箭，倍感时光流逝，在毕业论文完成之际，首先要特别感谢我的恩师 李化敏教授，在求学过程中，恩师给予了我细心的指导和深切的关怀，老师以其 严谨求实的治学态度、高瞻远瞩的思维、开拓创新的精神、精益求精的工作作风 深深地感染和激励着我，永远是我学习的楷模和榜样，对我的工作和生活影响深 远。在此谨向恩师致以最崇高的敬意和最诚挚的谢意 感谢李老师在论文的选题、实验、现场观测到最终修改成稿的整个过程中， 对我的悉心指导、鼓励与多方面的支持。感谢河南理工大学能源科学与工程学院 的各位老师，感谢他们在我论文开题、中期汇报和预答辩过程中提出的宝贵意见 和建议。 在论文完成期间，感谢苏承东老师、李东印老师、李回贵博士、刘闯博士、 王伸博士、王祖洸博士在论文选题、方案设定及课题组讨论中给予的指导和帮助 感谢张旭和师兄在工程现场观测分析、工程方案制定及论文写作过程中给予 的指导和帮助感谢师兄弟们在论文写作分析讨论过程给予我很多有益的建议和 帮助，在此深表感谢 感谢同煤集团同忻矿的领导和相关工程技术人员在工程现场方面给予的详尽 指导和帮助 感谢我的家人，正是他们在生活上、精神上给予我的关怀和帮助，对我学业 的默默支持和付出，使我得以安心科学研究，顺利完成学业 最后，衷心感谢各位专家、教授在百忙之中对我论文的审阅和指导敬请各 位专家批评指正，以便在今后的学习、工作中进一步提高。 万方数据 万方数据 I 摘摘 要要 大同矿区同忻煤矿开采石炭系特厚煤层，回采期间矿压显现强烈，顶煤破碎 严重。因此，对大同矿区坚硬顶板条件下综放工作面矿压显现特征及特厚煤层破 碎规律进行研究，为大同矿区特厚煤层安全高效开采提供理论指导，具有重要的 意义。本文以同忻矿 8202 综放工作面的实际条件为工程基础，以室内试验、现场 实测、 理论分析和数值模拟等方法为研究手段， 研究了综放工作面支架受力特征、 顶煤破坏规律以及工作面推进过程中覆岩运动与顶煤应力分布规律。本论文主要 研究成果如下 （1）现场实测结果表明，工作面平均初次来压步距为 23.5 m，平均周期来压 步距为 13.8 m，工作面上部来压较为强烈，中、下部来压缓和；高应力区主要集 中在工作面上、中部，来压期间，支架最大工作阻力为额定工作阻力的 87.0 ， 能够满足对顶煤及顶板控制的要求；支架初撑力与末阻力之间具有高度的相关性， 可以认为支架末阻力分布受支架初撑力的影响显著；回采期间工作面的超前影响 范围基本在 140 m 左右，剧烈影响范围在 80 m 内。采取提高初撑力、加快推进速 度、强烈来压期间不放煤或少放煤等措施控制顶板，能够有效缓解工作面强烈来 压，为矿井安全高效开采提供保障。 （2）综合分析工作面超前支承压力，顶板运移（离层、回转下沉） ，支架的 反复支撑三者共同作用促使顶煤的破碎。其中支承压力对顶煤的破碎起到了非常 关键的作用，它使得顶煤的水平位移迅速增加，原生裂隙得到进一步扩展，实现 对上部煤体的预破碎；顶板运移使自采空区一侧对煤体的约束进一步减弱，煤体 内裂隙得到充分的扩展；支架的反复支撑及移动，可增加下部顶煤的破坏程度， 大大减小形成大块散落煤体堵塞放煤口的机会，有利于煤体充分破碎成散体。 （3）数值模拟研究表明，随着工作面的推进，支架后方顶煤破碎成散体，顺 着支架尾梁及采空区形成的堆积体缓慢放出，初始直接顶呈现一定的悬臂梁结构； 工作面继续推进大块的砂质泥岩破断，旋转下沉，不能形成承载结构；支架压力 明显提高， 顶煤放出量也会随之增加； 当工作面推进到 25 m， 厚硬砂岩弯曲下沉， 层间发生离层， 当工作面推进到 30 m， 厚硬砂岩弯曲下沉并失稳， 形成砌体结构， 承载能力进一步削弱，顶煤及直接顶受载更加强烈，煤体破碎范围加大，破碎程 度更高。 关键词关键词特厚煤层；综放工作面；顶煤破碎；矿压显现；数值模拟 万方数据 II 万方数据 III Abstract During the recovery period of Tongxin mine quarrying thick coal seam of Carboniferous in Datong mining area, the mineral pressure appears strongly, and top coal broken seriously. Therefore, the characteristics of underground pressure and the laws of extra thick coal seam breakage in fully mechanized top coal caving face under hard roof condition in Datong mining area are studied, so as to provide theoretical guidance for safe and efficient mining of extra thick coal seam in Datong mining area. In this paper, the actual conditions of 8202 fully mechanized working face of Tongxin mine as the project foundation, with the research s of laboratory experiments, field measurement, theoretical analysis and numerical simulation , this paper analyzes the bearing characteristics of the support in fully mechanized caving face, the law of the top coal failure, the law of the overburden movement and the stress distribution of the top coal during the advancing of the working face. The main results are as follows （1）The results showed that average first weighting interval of the working face was 23.5 meter, and the average periodic weighting interval was 13.8 meter. It showed that the upper part was strongly pressurized，but the middle and lower parts were pressurized and relaxed. High stress areas were mainly concentrated in the upper and middle part of the working face, during the face roof periodical pressurized period, the maximum working resistance of support accounted for the support rated working resistance of 87 , showed that the face support could basically meet the requirement of roof control. There was a high correlation between the setting pressure and end resistance, it could be concluded that the resistance distribution at the end of the stent was significantly affected by the setting pressure of the stent. During the mining period, the leading influence area of the working face was about 140 meter, the violent influence range was within 80 meter. Measures such as increasing setting load, accelerating the speed, and during the period of strong pressure, no coal caving or less coal caving to control the roof could effectively alleviate the strong pressure at the working face so as to provide the guarantee for the safe and efficient mining of the mine. 万方数据 IV （2）A comprehensive analysis of the supporting pressure of the working face, the roof migration separating, slewing and sinking, and the repeated support of the supports together to promote the crushing of the top coal is made by the three actions. One of the support pressure on top coal fragmentation plays a key role, which makes the horizontal displacement of the top coal increased rapidly, the original crack has been further extended, the upper coal pre crushing; migration from one side to the roof goaf of coal body constraint further weakened in fissured coal is fully extended the support bracket; repeatedly and mobile, can increase the damage degree of the lower top coal, greatly reducing the ation of large scattered coal caving mouth blocked the opportunity to fully break into granular coal. （3）The numerical study shows that along with the advance of working face, the rear bracket top coal broken into dispersion along the stacking bracket tail beam and the goaf ed body is like a funnel is slowly released, the initial direct roof cantilever structure has a certain working face; continue to promote the large sandy mudstone fracture, rotation sinking, can not a bearing structure; support pressure increased significantly, the top coal recovery amount will increase; when the working face advances to 25 m thick hard sandstone, bending and sinking, separation between layers, when the working face advances to 30 m thick hard sandstone bending and instability, the ation of masonry structure, the bearing capacity weakened further, and top coal direct roof load is more intense, the broken coal range increased, a higher degree of fragmentation. Key words extra-thick coal seam；fully-mechanized top coal caving mining face； top coal broken；mine strata pressure behavior；numerical simulation 万方数据 V 目目 录录 摘摘 要要 ............................................................................................................................... I Abstract ......................................................................................................................... III 1 引言引言 .............................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 问题提出 ................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 国内外研究现状及存在的问题 ............................................................................ 2 1.2.1 综放采场的岩层结构理论研究现状 ................................................................................ 2 1.2.2 综放开采的基础理论研究现状 ........................................................................................ 3 1.3 研究内容与技术路线 ............................................................................................ 4 1.3.1 主要研究内容 .................................................................................................................... 4 1.3.2 技术路线 ............................................................................................................................ 4 2 同忻矿特厚煤层开采条件同忻矿特厚煤层开采条件 .......................................................................................... 7 2.1 井田及工作面概况 ................................................................................................ 7 2.1.1 井田概况 ............................................................................................................................ 7 2.1.2 工作面概况 ........................................................................................................................ 7 2.2 回采巷道布置 ........................................................................................................ 9 2.3 回采工艺 .............................................................................................................. 12 2.4 8202 综放面上覆关键层分析 .............................................................................. 13 2.5 本章小结 .............................................................................................................. 15 3 煤岩物理力学特性实验研究煤岩物理力学特性实验研究 .................................................................................... 17 3.1 试样采集 .............................................................................................................. 17 3.2 煤岩密度实验结果及分析 .................................................................................. 18 3.2.1 实验方法 .......................................................................................................................... 18 3.2.2 实验结果 .......................................................................................................................... 19 3.2.3 结果分析 .......................................................................................................................... 19 3.3 煤岩单轴压缩实验结果及分析 .......................................................................... 20 3.3.1 实验方法 .......................................................................................................................... 20 3.3.2 实验结果 .......................................................................................................................... 21 3.3.3 结果分析 .......................................................................................................................... 22 万方数据 VI 3.4 煤岩单轴抗拉实验结果及分析 .......................................................................... 28 3.4.1 实验方法 ......................................................................................................................... 28 3.4.2 实验结果 ......................................................................................................................... 28 3.4.3 结果分析 ......................................................................................................................... 29 3.5 煤岩三轴压缩试验结果及分析 .......................................................................... 30 3.5.1 实验方法 ......................................................................................................................... 30 3.5.2 实验结果 ......................................................................................................................... 31 3.5.3 结果分析 ......................................................................................................................... 33 3.6 煤样声发射试验结果及分析 .............................................................................. 34 3.6.1 实验方法 ......................................................................................................................... 34 3.6.2 实验结果 ......................................................................................................................... 35 3.6.3 结果分析 ......................................................................................................................... 37 3.7 本章小结 .............................................................................................................. 38 4 8202 综放面矿压显现规律实测分析综放面矿压显现规律实测分析 ......................................................................... 41 4.1 工作面支架参数及测站布置 .............................................................................. 41 4.2 顶板覆岩活动特征 .............................................................................................. 42 4.3 支架承载特征 ...................................................................................................... 46 4.3.1 支架初撑力与末阻力的相关分析 .................................................................................. 46 4.3.2 工作面倾向支架压力特征分析 ...................................................................................... 48 4.3.3 支架工作阻力特征分析 .................................................................................................. 49 4.4 回采巷道围岩变形规律 .................................................................................... 52 4.4.1 巷道表面位移监测.......................................................................................................... 52 4.4.2 锚杆（索）应力变化规律 .............................................................................................. 53 4.5 本章小结 .............................................................................................................. 56 5 采动影响下顶煤破碎规律及冒放性评价采动影响下顶煤破碎规律及冒放性评价 ................................................................. 57 5.1 顶煤破碎规律分析 .............................................................................................. 57 5.2 不同因素对顶煤破碎作用机理分析 .................................................................. 59 5.2.1 超前支承压力对顶煤区域性破碎的作用分析 .............................................................. 59 5.2.2 顶板运移对顶煤区域性破碎的作用分析 ...................................................................... 59 5.2.3 支架反复支撑对顶煤区域性破碎的作用分析 .............................................................. 61 万方数据 VII 5.3 采动影响下顶煤冒放性影响因素及综合评价分析 .......................................... 62 5.3.1 顶煤冒放性影响因素 ...................................................................................................... 62 5.3.2 顶煤冒放性综合评价方法 .............................................................................................. 67 5.3.3 顶煤冒放性评价 .............................................................................................................. 71 5.4 本章小结 .............................................................................................................. 73 6 顶煤破碎规律数值模拟研究顶煤破碎规律数值模拟研究 .................................................................................... 75 6.1 工作面倾向放煤时间规律 ................................................................................... 75 6.2 数值模拟研究 ....................................................................................................... 76 6.2.1 数值模拟技术及原理 ....................................................................................................... 76 6.2.2 工作面推进方向煤岩层建模 ........................................................................................... 77 6.2.3 工作面走向数值模拟 ....................................................................................................... 78 6.2.4 循环放煤量统计分析 .......................................