近距离煤层联合开采覆岩结构演化规律研究.pdf

分类号TU32 密 级公 开 UDC 单位代码10076 工学硕士学位论文 近距离煤层联合开采覆岩 结构演化规律研究 作者姓名 吴浩源 指导教师 杨本生教授 申 请 学 位 级 别 工学硕士 学科专业 矿业工程 所在单位 资源学院 授 予 学 位 单 位 河北工程大学 万方数据 A Dissertation ted to Hebei University of Engineering For the Academic Degree of Master of Engineering Study on the movement of upper strata and the pressure behavior law of close distance coal seams Candidate Wu Haoyuan Supervisor Prof. Yang Bensheng Academic Degree Applied for Master of Engineering Specialty Mining engineering College/Department College of resources Hebei University of Engineering May， 2016 万方数据 独创性声明 本人郑重声明 所呈交的学位论文，是本人在导师的指导下，独立进行研究工作 所取得的成果。除文中已经注明引用的内容外，本论文不含任何其他个人或集体 已经发表或撰写过的研究成果，也不包含为获得河北工程大学河北工程大学或其他教育机构 的学位或证书而使用过的材料。对本文的研究做出重要贡献的个人和集体，均已 在论文中作了明确的说明并表示了谢意。本人完全意识到本声明的法律结果由本 人承担。 学位论文作者签名 签字日期 年 月 日 学位论文版权使用授权书 本学位论文作者完全了解 河北工程大学河北工程大学 有关保留、使用学位论文的规定。 特授权 河北工程大学河北工程大学 可以将学位论文的全部或部分内容编入有关数据库进行 检索，并采用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存、汇编以供查阅和借阅。同意学 校向国家有关部门或机构送交论文的复印件和电子文档。 （保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权说明） 学位论文作者签名 签字日期 年 月 日 导师签名 签字日期 年 月 日 万方数据 目 录 I 摘 要 本文以阳邑煤矿近距离煤层群开采为工程背景，借助理论分析、实验室相似 模拟试验及计算机数值模拟试验等方法，结合多目标因素层次分析法，针对特定 煤矿围岩条件阐述何为近距离煤层，对近距离煤层的定义进行了定量分析。在此 基础上对比论证分析近距离煤层群联合开采与单一煤层开采覆岩结构运移变化的 差异性，以及近距离煤层联合开采覆岩结构应力场和位移场的分布特征，总结近 距离煤层联合开采矿压显现规律，为阳邑煤矿及相似地质条件矿井的安全开采提 供一定的理论指导。论文主要成果如下 （1）根据构建出的“散体-块体”顶板结构模型，分析破碎顶板的冒落机理和动 态过程。分析岩层特征、强度、完整性、煤层采动影响以及顶板围岩应力与稳定 性系数等因素对顶板稳定的影响，运用多目标层次分析法对各因素指标进行定量 评价，结合煤层赋存条件、开采条件及层间采动影响等因素对近距离煤层概念进 行初步划分，将煤层群分为非近距离煤层、近距离煤层和极近距离煤层。 （2）通过实验室相似模拟试验，近距离煤层联合开采过程中，对比不同错距 上下位工作面开采应力场与位移场演化特征，最终确定上下位煤层工作面沿走向 的合理错距为 40cm，对应几何相似比现场实际错距为 20m。 （3）总结分析近距离煤层联合开采覆岩运移与破断规律，大青面开采后顶板 呈现块状破断结构，下架面开采过程中对已破断岩层造成二次破坏，二次破断位 置位于块状岩体形心位置。下架面顶板初次来压步距也为单煤层开采时的一半。 厚煤层分层同采在上覆岩层垮落结构上与联合开采相似。 （4）运用 UEDE 离散元数值模拟软件模拟阳邑煤矿近距离煤层联合开采，分 别得到近距离煤层群联合开采上下工作面应力场和位移场运移演化规律，近距离 煤层联合开采超前支承压力不同于单煤层下开采，工作面后方采空内支承压力变 化为应力降低区-冒落矸石压实区-应力降低区。 同时根据模拟结果可知上下工作面 联合开采合理错距范围 2030m。 （5）针对阳邑煤矿大青和下架回采面近距离煤层联合开采工程地质条件，对 现场实施不同错距方案下联合开采，通过观测分析巷道超前单体液压支柱上压力 变化，得出合理错距，为相似条件下开采提供理论指导和参考经验。 关键词近距离煤层；联合开采；覆岩结构；层次分析法 万方数据 目 录 II Abstract In this paper the engineering background of close distance coal seam group YangYi coal mines. With the aid of theoretical analysis，laboratory analog simulation test and computer numerical simulation test ，etc. Analytic hierarchy process ahp combined with multiple objective factors，for a particular expounded what is close coal seam coal rock conditions，The definition of close coal seam has carried on the quantitative analysis. On the basis of the comparative demonstration analysis of close distance coal seam group of combined mining with single coal bed mining strata structure of the difference of migration change and close distance coal seam structure stress field and displacement field of a combined mining strata distribution， firstly summarizes the close joint open mining of coal seam pressure， for YangYi coal mine and similar mine safety mining geological conditions to provide certain theoretical guidance. Paper main results are as follows 1 According to construct the “medium - block“ roof structure model， the mechanism and dynamic analysis of the broken roof caving process. From rock characteristics， strength and integrity， mining effect of coal seam and roof surrounding rock stress and stability coefficient of impact on roof stability analysis， using the multi-objective analytic hierarchy process ahp to quantitative uation of various factors index， according to the occurrence conditions and mining conditions of coal seam and interlayer mining influence factors such as the concept of close distance coal seam in preliminary， many coal seam occurrence condition can be divided into the close and close coal seam of coal seam and the extremely close distance coal seams. 2 Through laboratory analog simulation experiment， close in the process of the combined mining of coal seam， contrast different fault distance and a mining evolution characteristics of stress field and displacement field of a coal seam working face up and down along the direction of the reasonable to determine the final offset to 40 cm， corresponding geometric similarity than actual fault distance of 20 m. 3 Summary analysis close movement combined mining of coal seam and breaking law， after the big green surface mining roof block fracture structure， from the shelves in the process of surface mining on secondary damage has been breaking rock strata， the secondary fracture position is located in the massive rock core position. The shelves first face roof pressure interval for half of the single coal seam mining. With thick coal seam layering mining caving in the overlying strata structure similar to 万方数据 the combined mining. 4 Using discrete element numerical simulation software simulation YangYi UEDE close combined mining of coal seam in coal mine， respectively get close distance coal seam group of combined mining face up and down the stress field and displacement field migration evolution law of close distance coal seam combined mining abutment pressure differs from that of single coal seam mining， mining goaf behind the abutment pressure changes in the waste rock stress reduced area - caving compaction area to stress lowers area. At the same time， according to the simulation results shows reasonable combined mining face up and down the offset range of 20 30 m. （5）For Yang Yi of Daqing coal mine and mining under the surface near distance coal seam joint mining engineering geological conditions, through the observation analysis of roadway ahead of the monomer hydraulic pillar pressure changes, obtains the best rational staggered distance, and for mining under the similar conditions to the mplary role, and hence have broad application prospects. Keywordsclose distance coal seams; combined mining; overlying strata structure; AHP 万方数据 目 录 IV 目 录 摘 要 .................................................................................................................................................. I Abstract ................................................................................................................................................ II 第 1 章 绪论 ........................................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 研究背景及意义 ..................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 国内外研究概况 .................................................................................................................... 2 1.3 主要研究内容、方法及技术路线 ........................................................................................ 4 1.3.1 研究内容 ............................................................................................................................ 4 1.3.2 研究方法 ............................................................................................................................ 4 1.3.3 技术路线 ............................................................................................................................ 5 1.3.4 实验方案 ............................................................................................................................ 5 第 2 章 近距离煤层覆岩结构模型 ..................................................................................................... 7 2.1 矿井概况 ............................................................................................................................... 7 2.2 地质构造 ............................................................................................................................... 7 2.2.1 大青面概况......................................................................................................................... 7 2.2.2 下架面概况......................................................................................................................... 8 2.3 矿井煤层 ............................................................................................................................... 8 2.4 煤层顶底板岩层特性 ............................................................................................................ 9 2.5 近距离煤层开采煤层覆岩结构 .......................................................................................... 10 2.6 本章小结 ............................................................................................................................. 11 第 3 章 近距离煤层开采顶板上覆岩层结构特点 ........................................................................... 12 3.1 顶板分类的力学模型 .......................................................................................................... 12 3.1.1 顶底板稳定性分类研究 ................................................................................................... 12 3.1.2 下层煤顶板结构稳定性分析 ........................................................................................... 12 3.2 影响因素确定及其取值方法 .............................................................................................. 14 3.3 顶板稳定分类原则及指标 .................................................................................................. 17 3.4 层次分析模型建立 .............................................................................................................. 17 3.4.1 层次分析法概述 ................................................................................................................ 17 3.4.2 顶板稳定性影响因素权重确定及层次分析 .................................................................... 18 3.4.3 顶板稳定性分类计算 ........................................................................................................ 21 3.5 本章小结 .............................................................................................................................. 21 第 4 章 近距离煤层联合开采相似模拟试验研究 ........................................................................... 23 4.1 工作面覆岩物理力学特征 .................................................................................................. 23 4.2 相似材料模型方案设计 ...................................................................................................... 23 4.2.1 试验研究内容 ................................................................................................................... 23 4.2.2 相似模拟材料模型试验台的选择 ................................................................................... 23 4.2.3 模型各岩层配比及用量计算 ........................................................................................... 24 4.2.4 相似模拟材料模型制作 ................................................................................................... 25 4.2.5 联合开采覆岩结构应力场监测方法及布置 ................................................................... 26 4.2.6 联合开采覆岩结构位移场监测方法及布置 ................................................................... 26 4.2.7 开挖方案 .......................................................................................................................... 28 4.3 试验结果分析...................................................................................................................... 28 4.3.1 大青工作面回采阶段覆岩运移与破断规律分析 ........................................................... 28 4.3.2 近距离煤层联合回采阶段覆岩运移与破断规律分析 ................................................... 32 4.4 总结 ..................................................................................................................................... 35 第 5 章 近距离煤层联合开采 UDEC 数值模拟试验 ...................................................................... 36 万方数据 5.1 UDEC2D 模型构建 .............................................................................................................. 36 5.1.1 软件介绍 .......................................................................................................................... 36 5.1.2 模型建立 .......................................................................................................................... 36 5.2 单煤层开采覆岩结构运动过程 .......................................................................................... 38 5.3 单煤层开采覆岩结构演化特征 .......................................................................................... 38 5.3.1 应力场演化特征分析 ....................................................................................................... 40 5.3.2 位移场演化特征分析 ....................................................................................................... 41 5.4 不同错距下覆岩结构演化特征 .......................................................................................... 41 5.4.1 不同错距下应力场演化特征分析 ................................................................................... 43 5.4.2 不同错距下位移场演化特征分析 ................................................................................... 45 5.5 本章小结 ............................................................................................................................. 47 第 6 章 阳邑大青、下架煤层联合开采矿压实测研究 ................................................................... 49 6.1 工程概况 ............................................................................................................................. 49 6.2 大青煤层回采面矿压观测及结果 ...................................................................................... 50 6.2.1 测点布置 .......................................................................................................................... 50 6.2.2 大青回采面巷道矿压监测结果分析 ............................................................................... 50 6.3 下架煤层回采面矿压观测及结果 ...................................................................................... 51 6.3.1 测点布置 .......................................................................................................................... 51 6.3.2 下架回采面巷道矿压监测结果分析 ............................................................................... 52 6.4 结论 ..................................................................................................................................... 56 第 7 章 结论与展望 .......................................................................................................................... 58 7.1 主要结论 ............................................................................................................................. 58 7.2 研究展望 ............................................................................................................................. 59 致谢词 ................................................................................................................................................ 60 参考文献 ............................................................................................................................................ 61 作者简介 ............................................................................................................................................ 64 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