长壁综采面双煤机开采理论与实践.pdf

博士学位论文 长壁综采面双采煤机开采理论与实践 Mining Theory and Practice of Ultra-long Wall Fully Mechnized Working Face with Double Shearers 作 者贾 民 导 师屠世浩 教授 中国矿业大学 二○一六年五月 学位论文使用授权声明学位论文使用授权声明 本人完全了解中国矿业大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，同意本人所撰 写的学位论文的使用授权按照学校的管理规定处理 作为申请学位的条件之一， 学位论文著作权拥有者须授权所在学校拥有学位 论文的部分使用权，即①学校档案馆和图书馆有权保留学位论文的纸质版和电 子版，可以使用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编学位论文；②为教学和 科研目的，学校档案馆和图书馆可以将公开的学位论文作为资料在档案馆、图书 馆等场所或在校园网上供校内师生阅读、浏览。另外，根据有关法规，同意中国 国家图书馆保存研究生学位论文。 （保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权书） 。 作者签名 导师签名 年 月 日 年 月 日 中图分类号 学校代码 10290 UDC 密 级 公开 中国矿业大学 博士学位论文 长壁综采面双煤机开采理论与实践 Mining Theory and Practice of Ultra-long Wall Fully Mechnized Working Face with Double Shearers 作 者 贾 民 导 师 屠世浩教授 申请学位 工学博士 培养单位 矿业学院 学科专业 采矿工程 研究方向 采矿方法 答辩委员会主席 窦林民 评 阅 人 盲审 二○一六年五月 论文审阅认定书论文审阅认定书 研究生 贾民 在规定的学习年限内， 按照研究生培养方案的要 求，完成了研究生课程的学习，成绩合格；在我的指导下完成本学位 论文,经审阅，论文中的观点、数据、表述和结构为我所认同，论文 撰写格式符合学校的相关规定， 同意将本论文作为学位申请论文送专 家评审。 导师签字 年 月 日 致谢致谢 本论文是在尊敬的导师屠世浩教授的悉心指导下完成的。从论文的选题、思 路的形成，直至论文的撰写，每一个环节都凝结着恩师的心血与智慧。在研究生 学习期间，作者在恩师的教诲和指导下，不仅学到了丰富的专业知识，而且导师 渊博的学识、 严谨的治学态度和对教育事业的忘我奉献精神对提高本论文的质量 起到了极大的促进作用，对我今后的发展也必将产生深远的有益影响。在此论文 完成之际，特向屠世浩教授致以崇高的敬意和衷心的感谢 在论文的研究过程中王沉博士、朱德福博士、李波硕士、伏映鹏硕士、孙松 硕士、李杰硕士等在试验、数值模拟、现场实测以及论文排版、打印、装订等方 面给予了很多的帮助，在此表示衷心的感谢。 感谢袁永副教授在论文的选题及理论上给予的指导。 在论文研究的现场实践中， 兖矿集团济宁二号井的公司领导及广大同事给予 了很多有益的建议和帮助，在此表示衷心的感谢 感谢妻子及家人对我的关怀和支持。家人的支持为我的学习、科研及论文的 完成提供了良好的条件和强大的动力。 感谢论文中所引文献的作者和前辈们，您们的研究成果丰富了我的思路，是 我论文得以顺利完成的基础。 感谢矿业工程学院、科学技术研究院以及研究生院各位老师的关心和帮助。 衷心感谢各位专家、教授在百忙之中评审本论文，从您们那里一定会得到很 多指导和帮助 贾民 2016.4.20 I 摘摘 要要 针对处于中后期生产矿井 “降本增效” 开采问题， 提出了基于现有开采装备， 双采煤机综采提高工作面产量和采出率的技术思路， 以兖矿集团济宁二号煤矿为 工程背景，采用理论分析、数值模拟与现场实测相结合的研究方法，对长壁综采 面双采煤机开采的设备配套、改造与控制，综采面双采煤机开采工艺方式与参数 优化， 超长双采煤机综采面顶板破断规律与控制技术以及综采面双采煤机快速过 断层技术等进行了系统深入的研究，主要创新成果如下 （1）提出了长壁超长综采面双采煤机开采的工艺模式与设备配套方案。依 据两台采煤机进刀位置及割煤方向不同将双采煤机开采工艺分为同向、 相向割煤 两种回采工艺方式； 通过建立双采煤机综采面刮板输送机多点弯曲条件下运行阻 力校核的数学模型，确定采煤机合理的过煤空间高度、刮板输送机最大可弯曲长 度和运输量， 为采煤机改造和防控因刮板输送机煤流局部堆积、载荷不均而导致 的压机和推移断链等事故的发生提供了理论依据。 （2）建立了双采煤机综采面采煤机割煤任务分配的理论模型，得到采煤机 割煤范围与割煤速度、地质异常体影响区域之间的相关关系，确定了两台采煤机 的合理割煤区域和“会机”位置；在实测采煤工时的基础上，对同向、相向两种 开采工艺方式和参数进行了优化， 确定了双采煤机综采面高效的循环作业方式和 劳动组织方式，使中厚煤层工作面的产能提升到 6Mt/a。 （3）建立超长工作面顶板破断的薄板力学模型，分析了工作面长度对顶板 应力分布与破断形式的影响；模拟分析了超长工作面采动应力、塑性区发育的时 空演化，得到了工作面长度、推进速度与工作面来压强度的关系；针对双采煤机 开采特点，分析了多点卸载条件下的采动应力演化规律，实施了顶板安全控制技 术，并实测了双采煤机超长综采面的矿压显现规律，实现了安全高效开采。 （4）根据采煤机割煤任务的理论模型，确定了双采煤机过断层时采煤机的 合理割煤范围和“会机”位置；揭示了断层区采动应力与塑性区发育规律和支架 初撑力对其的影响，确定了断层的影响范围；提出并实施了采用两台采煤机一煤 一岩、煤岩同割、作业范围动态调整的过断层方法，工作面过断层速度提高 50 以上。 该论文有图 110 幅，表 27 个，参考文献 190 篇。 关键词关键词双采煤机；超长工作面；双采煤机开采；开采工艺与参数优化；顶板安 全控制；快速过断层 II Abstract In order to solve the mining problem of cost decreasing and effect increasing for mines over middle and late period, technical idea of full mechanization with double shearers based on current mining equipment is proposed to increase output of working face and recovery ratio. This thesis studies equipment matching, remaking and controlling for fully mechanized longwall face with double shearers using theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and field measurement based on No.2 Jining Mine of Yanzhou Coal Group Cor. Ltd. Fully mechanized technology with double shearers and parameter optimization are studied, and roof rupture regularity of ultra-long face and its controlling techniques are researched. Techniques for passing fault are also analyzed systematically. Main innovations are as follow 1 Technology pattern and scheme of equipment coordination for fully mechanized face with double shearers are presented. Double-shearer mining technology is divided into equidirectional cutting technology and reverse according to advancing position and cutting direction. Spacing of coal pass, maximum bending length of scraper conveyor and freight volume are determined through modelling multipoint working resistance check of scraper conveyor for Fully mechanized face with double shearers, which provides theoretical basis for remaking shearer and accidents as a result of local accumulation of coal and uneven loading, such as pressing machine and chain breakage. 2 The theoretical model for cutting task assignment of fully mechanized face with double shearers is built, which yields correlations among cutting range, cutting speed and influenced area by geological abnormity body. The reasonable cutting region and converging position of shearers are defined. Parameters of equidirectional cutting technology and reverse are optimized. Cyclic operating ways and organization of working of efficient fully mechanized face with double shearers are determined. Production of face for medium thick coal seams can be up to 6Mt/a. 3 Modelling thin plate of roof rupture of ultralong face to analyze effect of length of face on stress distribution and rupture of roof. Space-time evolution of mining-induced stress and plastic zone development is simulated for relation among length of face, advancing speed and weight of face. Evolution law of mining-induced stress under multipoint unloading is analyzed and controlling techniques for safe roof are cuted for characteristics of double-shearer mining. Pressure behavior of fully III mechanized face with double shearers is investigated to realize safe and efficient mining. 4 Reasonable cutting range and converging position of shearers is determined when double shearers pass fault in accordance with theoretical model of cutting task. Mining-induced stress and plastic region development are revealed and effect of initial resistance is analyzed, which defines influencing range of fault. of passing fault using two shearers, “for coal and for rock, coal-rock cutting, parallel operation”, is proposed and curried out, the speed of passing fault increases by over 50. This thesis has 110 figures, 27 tables and 190 references. Keywords Double shearers; ultralong face; mining with double shearers; mining technology and parameter optimization; quick passing fault IV Extended Abstract 1Based on the existing mining equipment, mining technology pattern of ultra long fully mechanized face with double shearers is proposed, and according to the cutting direction and advancing position of two shearers, which can be divided into synclastic and opposite mining technology. 2 On the basis of the production capacity of “three machine“ and verification of spatial size in lower 9303 fully mechanized coal mining face, the height of sliding boots increase by 219mm, diameter of roller by428mm and extreme bending length of scraper conveyor is set up to be 24.6m. Checking conveyor running resistance and the geometric size of the different mining technology and cutting speed provides a theoretical basis for preventing the local accumulation and crushing of supports, breakage of chain. 3The theoretical model for the task distribution of the coal cutting is established for the reasonable operating speed and the converging position under different conditions. Namely, the cutting speed of single shearer should be controlled between 3.6m/min and 6m/min in synclastic cutting, the converging distance, Lh, had better control away head of the scraper conveyor from 133.1m to 196.9m. However, when using the opposite-directional mining technology, 30-meter security distance for two shearers is required, converging distance is considered to be 121.64178.1m. 4According to an analysis for cutting speed, length of working face and cycle time of the five circulating operation, cutting speed should be kept at interval of [4.5,5.5], The advantage of using double shearers is provided. 5With the increase of length of working face①value of roof deflection, ω, increases gradually, tensile stress value increases gradually with significant changes, and the shear force, τxy ,rises gradually and concentrates in the middle part of the working surface and roof breaking of the horizontal “O-X“ type transfers to a type of vertical “O-X“; ②The roof breaking rules effect by mining time and space in Ultra-long fully mechnized Working face with Double Shearers were obtained. with the working face length increased , At early mining stage and after the first large area pressure the plastic zone in the basic roof quickly development to above strata and when the plastic zone runs through the roof, which remained stable, however, short wall mining face the roof plastic zone development has remained slowly growth. In addition, the advancing speed of working face can effectively inhibit the ation of V the plastic zone to the basic roof, on the other hand, the development of the plastic zone in the roof can be reduced during the period of the roof pressure. And the advancing speed of working face is not obvious to the plastic zone at early mining time, and it is beneficial for working face advancing at the later stage. Peak of abutment pressure of face reduces its effect with increase of advancing speed. 6The numerical simulation on mining-induced stress distribution with multipoint unloading indicates that middle location of cutting technology with same direction reduces supporting effect due to initial relief pressure, Subsidence of roof is larger than that with opposite direction. Field test shows pressure behaviors of ultralong face with two shearers and verifies theoretical and simulation. 7Technology pattern for passing fault of equidirectional and reverse shearers is proposed. Two shearers moves toward middle of face with extension of converging position to central laction. Cycling time used in same direction is less than that in reverse. The effecting region is spread 25m before and after passing working face. The role of initial resistance of support in lessen stress concentration and expansion of plastic is analyzed. Meanwhile, the effect of way of passing fault with one or two shearer is compared by comparison. 8Liquid system with double rings and long power supply security technology are researched, the effect of double-shearer mining face on increased production and decreased cost is analyzed by means of filed measurement. Keywords double-shearers ; Ultra-long Fully Mechnized Working Face; mining technology ; Parameter Optimization; cutting task allocation model VI 目目 录录 摘摘 要要 ........................................................................................................................... I 目目 录录 ........................................................................................................................ VI 图清单图清单 .......................................................................................................................... X 表清单表清单 .................................................................................................................... XVII 变量注释表变量注释表 ............................................................................................................. XIX 1 绪论绪论 ........................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 研究背景与意义 ..................................................................................................... 1 1.2 国内外研究现状 ..................................................................................................... 2 1.3 研究内容、方法及技术路线 ................................................................................. 7 1.4 预期创新点.............................................................................................................. 8 2 超长综采面双采煤机开采方法与设备配套超长综采面双采煤机开采方法与设备配套 ......................................................... 10 2.1 综采面双采煤机开采工艺 ................................................................................... 10 2.2 双采煤机综采面设备配套特点 ........................................................................... 13 2.3 双采煤机综采面设备生产能力与空间尺寸校核 ............................................... 13 2.4 设备改造与开采工艺控制 ................................................................................... 26 2.5 本章小结 ............................................................................................................... 37 3 综采面双煤机开采工艺方式及参数优化综采面双煤机开采工艺方式及参数优化 ............................................................. 39 3.1 两台采煤机割煤任务分配的理论模型 ............................................................... 39 3.2 开采工艺方式与参数优化 ................................................................................... 43 3.3 参数优化与循环作业方式.................................................................................... 48 3.4 本章小结 ............................................................................................................... 54 4 超长双采煤机综采面顶板破断规律与控制技术超长双采煤机综采面顶板破断规律与控制技术 ................................................. 56 4.1 顶板变形破坏规律的理论分析 ........................................................................... 56 4.2 超长工作面顶板变形破坏规律的数值模拟........................................................ 71 4.3 多点卸载条件下采动围岩应力分布规律研究 ................................................... 84 4.4 顶板安全控制技术................................................................................................ 92 4.5 矿压规律实测分析................................................................................................ 93 4.6 本章小结................................................................................................................ 97 5 断层发育区超长综采面双采煤机快速过断层技断层发育区超长综采面双采煤机快速过断层技术术 ............................................. 99 VII 5.1 超长综采面双采煤机快速过断层技术 ............................................................... 99 5.2 工作面过断层采动应力围岩分布特征 ............................................................. 105 5.3 工作面过断层效果分析 ..................................................................................... 112 5.4 本章小结 ............................................................................................................. 113 6 长壁综采面双采煤机开采实践长壁综采面双采煤机开采实践 ........................................................................... 114 6.1 工作面概况 ......................................................................................................... 114 6.2 双采煤机综采面安全保障技术 ......................................................................... 114 6.3 应用效果分析 ..................................................................................................... 117 6.4 本章小结 ............................................................................................................. 123 7 主要结论与研究展望主要结论与研究展望 ........................................................................................... 124 7.1 主要结论 ............................................................................................................. 124 7.2 研究展望 .................................................................................