千米深井强冲击厚煤层冲击机理及防治研究.pdf
分类号分类号 TD324 密密 级级 公公 开开 U D C 单位代码单位代码 10424 学学 位位 论论 文文 千米深井强冲击厚煤层千米深井强冲击厚煤层 冲击机理及防治研究冲击机理及防治研究 石富山石富山 申请学位级别申请学位级别硕士学位硕士学位 专业专业名名称称采矿采矿工程工程 指导教师姓名指导教师姓名 尹增德尹增德 职职 称称 教授教授 山山 东东 科科 技技 大大 学学 二二零零一二年一二年五五月月 论文题目论文题目 千米深井强冲击厚煤层千米深井强冲击厚煤层 冲击机理及防治研究冲击机理及防治研究 作者姓名作者姓名 石富山石富山 入学时间入学时间2009 年年 9 月月 专业专业名称名称 采矿采矿工程工程 研究方向研究方向矿山压力与岩层控制矿山压力与岩层控制 指导教师指导教师 尹增德尹增德 职职 称称 教教 授授 论文提交日期论文提交日期2012 年年 5 月月 论文答辩日期论文答辩日期2012 年年 6 月月 授予学位日期授予学位日期 STUDY ON MECHANISM AND CONTROL TECHNOLOGY OF THICK SEAM WITH HIGH POTENTIAL ROCK BURST IN MINE WITH DEPTH OVER 1000M A Dissertation ted in fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of MASTER OF PHILOSOPHY from Shandong University of Science and Technology by Shi Fushan Supervisor Professor Yin Zengde College of Resources and Environmental Engineering May 2012 声声 明明 本人呈交给山东科技大学的这篇硕士学位论文,除了所列参考文献和世所本人呈交给山东科技大学的这篇硕士学位论文,除了所列参考文献和世所 公认的文献外,全部是本人在导师指导下的研究成果。该论文资料尚没有呈交公认的文献外,全部是本人在导师指导下的研究成果。该论文资料尚没有呈交 于其它任何学术机关作鉴定。于其它任何学术机关作鉴定。 硕士生签名硕士生签名 日日 期期 AFFIRMATION I declare that this dissertation, ted in fulfillment of the requirements for the award of Master of Philosophy in Shandong University of Science and Technology, is wholly my own work unless referenced of acknowledge. The document has not been ted for qualification at any other academic institute. Signature Date 山东科技大学硕士学位论文 摘要 摘摘 要要 冲击地压作为一种特殊的矿压显现形式,是世界范围内煤矿矿井中最严重的自然灾 害之一。我国大多数矿井的煤层与岩层都具有不同程度的冲击倾向性,特别是随着我国 煤矿开采深度以每年约 20m 的深度不断增加,冲击矿井越来越多,危害性越来越严重, 已经成为制约我国煤矿安全高效生产的主要灾害之一。 2103 工作面位于 21 采区中南部,在-840m 皮带巷与-1040m 等高线之间,工作面南部 为 F8 断层及已回采完毕的2102 工作面,北临已回采完毕的 2105 工作面,上部接-850m 南 大巷和-840m 南翼皮带巷,下部为三水平未开拓区。2103 恢复生产后仍会受到严重的动力 灾害的威胁,为实现 2103 工作面的安全开采,需要分析顶板运动和矿山压力分布,对工作 面的矿震和冲击地压危险区进行评价;对开采期间的矿震和冲击地压危险区进行预测,制 定预防灾害的措施。 本文针对 2103 工作面冲击地压防治的实际需要, 采用理论分析、 现场试验研究与监 测等方法,对 2103 工作面动力灾害预测与评价、动力灾害监测预警技术、深部沿空工作 面动力灾害机理进行了深入的研究, 进而提出了 2103 工作面恢复生产区冲击地压防治和 深部沿空工作面动力灾害治理的有效科学的措施。 采用冲击危险综合指数法和冲击地压发生可能性指数诊断法对工作面冲击地压危险性 作出评价,认为该工作面具有强冲击危险性。结合采动应力场计算、覆岩空间结构及其运 动规律预测、构造应力分析、煤柱应力分析、工程类比等方法,对该工作面进行多因素耦 合评价,得出了 2103 工作面恢复生产区域属于高应力“孤岛” ,明确了该区域的高度危险 区和中等危险区。当工作面进入沿空开采阶段,通过地质构造与冲击地压关系的工程类比 评价、上覆岩层空间结构运动与动力灾害关系评价和工作面煤岩结构与动力灾害关系评价 等分析方法,确定了引起沿空开采段冲击的危险源,划定了沿空开采段冲击危险区与危险 程度。考虑以上分析结论,提出了该工作面不同阶段对冲击地压的防治措施。 系统介绍了冲击地压在线监测预警系统的原理、功能与结构。明确了井下系统的安 装和维护、工作面初始三级预警值的设定及相应的处理措施。重点分析了冲击地压在线 监测预警系统在 2103 工作面的应用, 进而监测到工作面超前支承压力和上覆岩层运动所 影响范围内的应力实时变化情况。 根据微地震监测、冲击地压监测系统监测和现场打钻监测,明确了上覆岩层运动空 山东科技大学硕士学位论文 摘要 间结构和矿山压力分布特点,结合本工作面 12.25 和 3.19 两次矿震分析,运用对煤层水 平应力分布与转移的分析,得出结论水平应力突变引起垂直应力突变是矿震诱发冲击 地压的主要原因。为深部沿空工作面动力灾害监测和防治提供了科学的依据。 关键词关键词古城煤矿;强冲击厚煤层;冲击危险性评价;冲击机理;冲击地压在线监测系 统;动力灾害防治 山东科技大学硕士学位论文 摘要 Abstract As special behavior of underground pressure, rock burst is one of the serious natural disasters of coal mine in the worldwide. Coal seams and the rock stratums of our majority coal mines have various degree potential bumping, particularly with Chinese coal mining depth increasing by twenty meters a year, rock burst is becoming more and more serious, and it has become one of China’s major disasters which restrict the safety and efficient production of our mines. 2103 face is located at the south central region of 21 mining district, between -840 head gate and -1040 contour line. Moreover, it is adjacent to 2102 face gob and F8 fault in the south. It is adjacent to 2105 face gob in the north. There are -850 main entry and -840 south head gate above it , and three level under it .2103 will be threatened by rock burst after resume production. In order to ensure safety during production, we need to analyze the state of Overlying strata and abutment pressure, uate and forecast risk zone of rock burst. We have to take measures to prevent it. For the sake of safety mining and rock burst control , by means of theoretical analysis and field-test s ,we go into studying the uation and forecasting of rock burst including face which has a large mining depth along gob. Finally, we should seek out scientific solutions to prevent it. By adopting the s of rock burst composite index and probility Index, we uate the risk of rock burst, and come to conclusion that this face has huge risk. Combined with face stress calculate, Overlying strata space structure, textual stress analysis and engineering analogue s, we conduct a Multifactor Coupling uation and come to a conclusion that 2103 face is a high stress zone. Then ,we can divide into the high risk zone and medium risk zone. When 2103 face goes along the gob, by means of uating the relationship between geology tectonic and rock burst , between overlying strata space structure and rock burst, between the structure of coal-rock and rock burst. we can confirm risk source triggering rock burst and risk zones. taking into consideration these analysis, when 2103 face is at different stage, we should take corresponding measures. The paper systematicly introducts the theory, function and structure of real-time monitoring and measuring early warning system. It also accounts for installing and maintain under shafts and how to set early warning figure. It is an important part to illustrate this system applied to 2103 face .through it, we can learn its real-time stress variation. Based on microseismic measuring system, real-time monitoring and measuring early warning system and field test, we can confirm the features of overlying strata space structure and stress distribution. Analyzing 12.25 and 3.19 shock bumps, using some theories about horizontal stress, we can draw a conclusion that the break of vertical stress leaded by the break of horizontal stress is main reason of shock bump triggering rock burst, this conclusion can supply scientific ways to monitor and manage it effectly. Key words Gucheng colliery; uation for coal bursting danger; Mechanism of rock burst; Real-time monitoring and measuring early warning system; Controlling Technology of rock burst 山东科技大学硕士学位论文 目录 目目 录录 1 绪绪 论论 ...................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 课题的提出 .................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 冲击地压的国内外研究现状 ........................................................................................ 2 1.3 课题研究的主要内容、方法和技术路线 .................................................................... 9 2 2103 工作面地质概况工作面地质概况 ............................................................................................................ 11 2.1 2103 工作面位置及井上下关系 .................................................................................. 11 2.2 煤层条件 ...................................................................................................................... 12 2.3 煤层顶底板情况 .......................................................................................................... 12 2.4 地质构造特征 .............................................................................................................. 13 3 2103 工作面动力灾害预测与评价工作面动力灾害预测与评价 ........................................................................................ 15 3.1 工作面冲击地压危险性评价 ...................................................................................... 15 3.2 工作面恢复生产区多因素耦合评价与危险区划分 .................................................. 21 3.3 2103 工作面沿空开采段冲击地压灾害评价 ........................................................... 24 3.4 本章小结 ...................................................................................................................... 29 4 动力灾害监测预警技术研究动力灾害监测预警技术研究 ................................................................................................ 30 4.1 冲击地压在线监测预警系统简介 .............................................................................. 30 4.2 冲击地压在线监测系统在 2103 工作面的应用 ........................................................ 37 4.3 本章小结 ...................................................................................................................... 41 5 深部沿空工作面动力灾害机理研究深部沿空工作面动力灾害机理研究 .................................................................................... 42 5.1 2103 工作面覆岩空间结构及应力分布特征分析 ...................................................... 43 5.2 2103 工作面矿震分析 .................................................................................................. 46 5.3 矿震诱发冲击机理分析 .............................................................................................. 52 5.4 本章小结 ...................................................................................................................... 54 6 深部沿空工作面动力灾害治理技术研究深部沿空工作面动力灾害治理技术研究 ............................................................................ 55 6.1 2103 工作面恢复生产前冲击地压防治措施 .............................................................. 55 6.2 开采过程中冲击危险性预警与动态危险区处理技术 .............................................. 64 6.3 治理效果 ...................................................................................................................... 66 山东科技大学硕士学位论文 目录 6.4 本章小结 ...................................................................................................................... 69 7 结结 论论 ...................................................................................................................................... 70 致致 谢谢 .......................................................................................................................................... 71 参考文献参考文献 .................................................................................................................................... 72 山东科技大学硕士学位论文 目录 Contents 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Raising of project ............................................................................................................ 1 1.2 Domestic and foreign research of rockburst present situation ..................................... 2 1.3 Project research primary coverage, and technical route ...................................... 9 2 Geological conditions of 2103 face ....................................................................................... 11 2.1 Face position and the relationship between upper and lower of shaft ........................... 11 2.2 Coal seam situation ....................................................................................................... 12 2.3 Roof and floor situation of coal seam ........................................................................... 12 2.4 Geological structure ...................................................................................................... 13 3 Prediction and uation of 2103 face dynamic disasters ................................................ 15 3.1 uation risk degree of 2103 face rock burst ............................................................. 15 3.2 Multifactor Coupling uation and divide into risk zone of 2103 face ...................... 21 3.3 uation risk degree of 2103 face along the goaf ...................................................... 24 3.4 The contents of the chapter............................................................................................ 29 4 Study on monitoring and measuring early warning system .............................................. 30 4.1 Introduction of real-time monitoring and measuring early warning system ................. 30 4.2 Apply real-time monitoring and measuring early warning system to 2103 face ........... 37 4.3 The contents of the chapter............................................................................................ 41 5 Study on mechanism of dynamic disaster ........................................................................... 42 5.1 Analysis on the features of overlying strata space structure and stress distribution ..... 43 5.2 Analysis on 12.25 and 3.19 shock bumps ..................................................................... 46 5.3 Study on shock bump triggering rock burst .................................................................. 52 5.4 The contents of the chapter............................................................................................ 54 6 Study on the measures to prevent face rock burst along the goaf ..................................... 55 6.1Preventive messures of rock burtsting danger zones before production ........................ 55 6.2 Prediction of rock bursting danger and governance of dynamic risk zones .................. 64 6.3 Governance effects ........................................................................................................ 66 6.4 The contents of the chapter .......................................................................................... 69 山东科技大学硕士学位论文 目录 7 Conclusion .............................................................................................................................. 70 Thanks ....................................................................................................................................... 71 References ................................................................................................................................. 72 山东科技大学硕士学位论文 绪论 1 1 绪绪 论论 1.1 课题的提出课题的提出 冲击地压作为一种特殊的矿压显现形式,是世界范围内煤矿矿井中最严重的自然灾 害之一。冲击地压发生时,井下几米到几百米的巷道或采煤工作面被瞬间摧毁,如同在 煤岩体内装有大量炸药一样,煤和岩石突然被抛出,造成巷道堵塞,支架折损,并伴有 巨大声响和岩体震动,震动持续时间从几秒到几十秒,被抛出的煤和岩石从几吨到几百 吨。 冲击地压可以定义为 在高地应力条件下地下采掘过程中, 硬脆性围岩因开挖卸荷, 使巷道或回采工作面周边煤岩体由原来的三向应力转化为双向应力,使聚集在岩体中的 高弹性应变能突然释放,因而使煤岩体被抛向采掘空间、伴随巨大声响、气浪等现象的 一种动力失稳地质灾害[1]。。冲击地压按其显现强度、释放的能量可分为四类 (1)弹射, 一些单个碎块从从处于高压应力状态下的煤或岩体上射落,并伴有强烈声响。 (2)矿震, 它是煤、岩体内部的冲击地压,即深部煤或岩体的破坏。煤、岩并不向已采空间抛出, 只有片帮或塌落现象,但煤或岩体产生明显震动,伴有巨大声响,有时产生煤尘。 (3) 弱冲击,煤或岩石向已采空间抛出,但破坏性不很大,对支架、机器和设备基本无损坏, 围岩产生震动,一般震级在 2.2 级以下,伴有很大声响,产生煤尘,在瓦斯煤层可能有 大量瓦斯涌出。 (4)强冲击,部分煤或岩体急剧破碎,大量向已采空间抛出,出现支架 折损、设备移动和围岩震动,震级在 2.3 级以上,伴有巨大声响,产生大量煤尘和冲击 波[2]。 1738 年都有冲击地压发生。我国 1933 年在抚顺胜利矿发生了有记录的首例冲击地 压,1960 年有 6 个矿井发生冲击地压,1985 年己有 32 个。1998 年 10 月不完全统计, 发生冲击地压的矿井已达 68 个。至 2007 年,发生冲击地压的矿井已达 80 多个。随着矿 井开采深度的增加和开采难度的加大,地质条件、开采条件越来越复杂,原始应力、构 造应力、开采扰动应力相互耦合,从而使得冲击地压发生的强度和频度将越来越大。 尽管人们早就认识到冲击地压是一个煤岩破坏的力学问题,在冲击地压发生机理、 监测手段及防治措施等方面取得了重要进展,