煤矿井下矸石充填体环境效应试验研究.pdf
国家重点研发计划资助(国家重点研发计划资助(2018YFC0604700)) 国家杰出青年科学基金资助(国家杰出青年科学基金资助(51725403)) 博士学位论文 煤矿井下矸石充填体环境效应试验研究 Experimental Study on Environmental Effects of Gangue Backfilled Body in Underground Coal Mines 作 者齐文跃 导 师张吉雄 教授 中国矿业大学 二〇一九年五月 万方数据 学位论文使用授权声明学位论文使用授权声明 本人完全了解中国矿业大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定,同意本人所撰写的 学位论文的使用授权按照学校的管理规定处理 作为申请学位的条件之一,学位论文著作权拥有者须授权所在学校拥有学位论文 的部分使用权,即①学校档案馆和图书馆有权保留学位论文的纸质版和电子版,可 以使用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编学位论文;②为教学和科研目的,学 校档案馆和图书馆可以将公开的学位论文作为资料在档案馆、图书馆等场所或在校园 网上供校内师生阅读、浏览。另外,根据有关法规,同意中国国家图书馆保存研究生 学位论文。 (保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权书) 。 作者签名 导师签名 年 月 日 年 月 日 万方数据 中图分类号 TD325 学校代码 10290 UDC 622 密 级 公开 国家重点研发计划资助(2018YFC0604700) 国家杰出青年科学基金资助(51725403) 中国矿业大学 博士学位论文 煤矿井下矸石充填体环境效应试验研究 Experimental Study on Environmental Effects of Gangue Backfilled Body in Underground Coal Mines 作 者 齐文跃 导 师 张吉雄 申请学位 工学博士 培养单位 矿业工程学院 学科专业 采矿工程 研究方向 绿色开采 答辩委员会主席 屠世浩 评 阅 人 盲 审 二〇一九年五月 万方数据 致谢致谢 当书写到博士论文致谢部分的时刻, 才懂得这段话的珍贵意义与难以平静的 复杂心情。时光匆匆,从刚刚入学稚气未脱的青涩少年,到完成博士毕业论文, 已在徐州度过了整整九年,回想这段时间,在成长的道路上感慨良多。在这里衷 心地感谢我的家人、老师和朋友们,这一路走来是你们的鼓励、教诲与陪伴让我 能够砥砺前行。 首先,感谢我的博士导师张吉雄教授。 本论文是在导师张吉雄教授的悉心指 导和严格要求下完成的,从论文的选题、试验、结果分析直至定稿每个环节的字 里行间都凝聚着导师的心血和汗水。张老师勤勤恳恳、一丝不苟的工作态度,废 寝忘食、励精图治的工作精神,给了我深刻的启迪和奋进的动力。他言传身教, 不仅在学业上给予细心的指导,在生活上也给予我无微不至的关怀, 更多地是教 我学会如何做人处事,从进门要昂首挺胸、到打招呼声音洪亮、到沟通时逻辑严 谨、再到事情的协调安排,每个细节的准确把握都将使我终身受用,导师的谆谆 教诲是我一生永恒的财富同时,亦特别感谢师母任建红老师在生活上给予的关 怀与照顾 特别感谢硕士生导师黄艳利教授给予的无私帮助, 是您的鼓励与支持让我走 上了博士的求学之路。 研究生初入学时的迷茫与困顿得到了您的悉心指导,硕士 期间每一个成长的脚步都离不开您的亲身教学。 您精益求精的治学态度与为人处 世的真诚与豁达,让我受益良多, “感谢”两个字已无法表达自己的心意 论文的完成得到了众多师兄弟的帮助与支持。 感谢巨峰、 周楠、 张强、 李猛、 黄鹏、 孙强等师兄在论文立意和整体结构方面给予的指导;感谢刘玉老师在矸石 加载试验系统研制方面给予的帮助;感谢朱存利、王昱尧、马昊宾、夏康褀、杜 二宝、姜超等师弟在矸石压缩特性试验方面提供的帮助;感谢孟国豪、张升等师 弟在数值模拟方面的帮助; 感谢刘恒凤、李艾玲等师弟师妹在力学推导和计算方 面给予的帮助;感谢董超伟、崔志中、胡强、郭宇鸣、张琪、陈杨等师弟在论文 插图绘制和校对方面提供的帮助;感谢王佳奇、陈俊丽、孙凯、武中亚、欧阳神 央、 陈强、 孙建峰、 徐迁迁、 宋卫剑、 曹鑫等师弟师妹在论文撰写中给予的帮助。 感谢茅献彪教授、 万志军教授、 马立强教授和王旭锋教授在论文选题方面给 予的指导和建议。感谢培养我的母校中国矿业大学,感谢矿业工程学院、煤炭资 源与安全开采国家重点实验室各位领导和老师在研究生学习期间的指导与帮助。 万方数据 II 感谢父母、 姐姐及所有亲人在我求学期间的理解和支持, 你们的关爱是我最 坚强的后盾。每次在我挫折的时候都是父母陪伴在我身边, 让我能够继续勇敢前 行,儿子已经长大,最大的心愿是愿你们健康快乐,能够陪伴、孝顺你们。 感谢我的未婚妻景赛,谢谢你出现在我的生命里,从相遇相知到相爱相守, 你一直默默地鼓励与支持我,让我全身心投入学习和论文的创作博士期间的点 点滴滴让我们更加坚定了相爱的信念与执着,往后余生,惟愿“执子之手,与子 偕老”。 感谢本论文所引用文献的作者,感谢所有帮助和关心我的人 感谢在百忙之中评审、答辩本论文并提出宝贵意见的各位专家学者 万方数据 I 摘摘 要要 近年来, 矸石等固体废弃物充填采煤技术得到了广泛地推广应用, 大量矸石深 埋后将长期处于相对封闭的矿井水浸润环境中,矸石与矿井水间存在着复杂的水- 岩物理化学作用, 不仅使矸石的承载性能发生劣化, 而且矸石中重金属元素的释放 -迁移产生二次污染,对地下水环境形成潜在的污染风险。本文以矸石-水相互作用 为出发点,采用文献调研、理论分析、试验测试、数值模拟等多种手段相结合的研 究方法, 研究了水化学溶液作用下矸石的瞬时压缩力学特性及蠕变特性, 构建了考 虑水物理化学作用的矸石蠕变损伤本构模型,从矸石的微区形貌、孔隙结构、矿物 组成等角度揭示了矸石力学特性的劣化机制; 获得了应力-渗流-化学耦合环境下矸 石在承载压缩过程孔隙演化及渗流规律,基于静态浸泡试验重金属元素的析出特 征, 探明了矸石充填体重金属元素迁移浓度的分布规律, 提出了矸石充填体重金属 环境效应的调控方法与技术体系。取得了以下创新性成果 (1)测试得到了水化学溶液作用下岩性、粒径级配、pH、固液比和浸泡时间 5 种因素对矸石瞬时压缩力学特性的影响, 并采用分级加载方法开展了不同浸泡时 间下矸石的蠕变特性试验, 引入水化学损伤变量, 表征了矸石瞬时压缩力学参数随 水化学损伤的演变规律,构建了矸石蠕变压缩水化学损伤本构模型。 (2)通过扫描电镜 SEM 试验系统研究了水化学溶液侵蚀条件下矸石颗粒的 微区形貌及断裂方式,基于元素能谱及 XRD 衍射测试结果阐明了水化学溶液作用 下矸石局部元素、 矿物组分改变与化学反应间的关联, 揭示了水化学溶液腐蚀矸石 承载压缩力学特性的劣化机制。 (3)研究了矸石瞬时与蠕变压缩变形过程孔隙率的演化特征,构建了矸石在 应力-渗流-化学多场环境下的耦合控制方程, 解析了渗流作用下矸石承载压缩变形 过程孔隙的空间展布规律,揭示了非均质矸石变形与渗流特性动态演化机理。 (4)给出了水化学溶液作用下矸石岩性、粒径级配、pH 和固液比 4 种因素与 重金属元素析出浓度的关系,探明了矸石充填体重金属元素释放-迁移的时空分布 规律,提出了矸石充填体重金属环境效应的调控方法与技术体系。 该论文有图 107 幅,表 38 个,参考文献 311 篇。 关键词关键词矸石充填体;水-岩作用;力学特性;重金属;渗流场;环境效应 万方数据 II Abstract In recent years, solid wastes backfilling mining technology such as gangues has been widely popularized and applied. After backfilled into the goaf, gangue will be in a relatively closed environment infiltrated by mine water for a long time. There are physical and chemical reactions in the interaction process of gangue with mine water, which not only deteriorate the bearing and compressive mechanical properties of gangue, but also make heavy metal elements precipitated from gangue diffuse and migrate within the area of goaf floor, resulting in potential pollution risk of groundwater environment. In this dissertation, based on the interaction of gangue with mine water as the springboard and comprehensive use of research s such as literature investigation, theoretical analysis, experimental test and numerical simulation, etc, the mechanical properties of instantaneous compression and creep properties of gangue under the effect of aqueous chemical solutions was tested, and the constitutive model of gangue considering creep damage under the hydro-physico-chemical effect was established. The deterioration mechanism of the mechanical properties of gangue is revealed from the perspective of micro-domain morphology, pore structure and mineral composition. Seepage relationship of gangue eroded by aqueous chemical solutions in the process of bearing compression were analyzed in mechano-hydro-chemical coupling environment, and spatially distributing feature of concentration of heavy metal elements in gangue in backfilled body was ascertained based on the precipitation characteristics of heavy metal elements in static immersion test, while the controlling and technology system for environmental effect of heavy metal elements in gangue backfill was proposed. The following are the main innovative results achieved 1 As the effect of 5 factors, lithology,particle size grading,pH, solid-liquid ratio and soaking time on the instantaneous compression mechanical properties of gangue under the action of aqueous chemical solutions was tested, the experiment for creep characteristics of gangue soaked at different times was carried out with test for step loading. Then with hydro-chemical damage variable, the evolution law of instantaneous compression mechanical properties of gangue with hydro- chemical damage was characterized, and the constitutive model of gangue considering creep damage was established and model parameters were identified. 2 The micro-morphology and fracture mode of gangue particles eroded by hydro- chemical solutions systematically were studied by scanning electron microscope SEM 万方数据 III test. Based on element spectrum and test results of XRD pattern, association of local element spectrum and mineral composition alteration with chemical reaction of gangue under the action of aqueous chemical solutions was elucidated, and damage mechanism for macro mechanical effect of gangue eroded by aqueous chemical solutions was revealed. 3 The evolution characteristics of porosity during compression deation of instantaneous and creep were analyzed, and the coupling governing equation in the mechano-hydro-chemical multi-field environment was constructed. Then, the space distributing character of pore in the process of bearing compression deation of gangue under seepage action were studied, and the dynamic evolution law of deation and seepage characteristics in heterogeneous gangue was revealed. 4 The relationship of separated concentration of the heavy metal element with the lithology, particle size grading, pH, and solid-liquid ratio under the action of aqueous chemical solutions was indicated. Moreover, the temporal and spatial distribution laws of the release-migration of the heavy metal elements in coal gangue backfill were indicated, and the controlling and technical system for environmental effect of the heavy metal elements in coal gangue backfill were proposed. There are 107 figures, 38 tables and 311 references in this dissertation. Key words gangue backfilled body; water-rock interaction; mechanical property; heavy metals; seepage field; environmental effect 万方数据 IV 目目 录录 摘摘 要要 ............................................................................................................................ I 目目 录录 ......................................................................................................................... IV 图清单图清单 ...................................................................................................................... VIII 表清单表清单 ....................................................................................................................... XV 变量注释表变量注释表 ........................................................................................................... XVIII 1 绪论绪论 ........................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 研究背景与意义 .................................................................................................... 1 1.2 国内外研究现状 .................................................................................................... 4 1.3 研究内容与方法 .................................................................................................... 9 1.4 主要创新点 .......................................................................................................... 12 2 典型岩性矸石的理化特征与重金属元素本底含量典型岩性矸石的理化特征与重金属元素本底含量 ............................................. 13 2.1 典型岩性矸石化学组分与重金属元素含量调研 .............................................. 13 2.2 典型岩性矸石的理化特性试验 .......................................................................... 21 2.3 典型岩性矸石重金属元素本底含量及其潜在生态危害评价 .......................... 25 2.4 本章小结 .............................................................................................................. 28 3 水化学溶液作用下矸石承载压缩力学特性试验水化学溶液作用下矸石承载压缩力学特性试验 ................................................. 30 3.1 水化学溶液作用下矸石承载压缩力学特性试验方案设计 .............................. 30 3.2 水化学溶液作用下矸石承载压缩力学特性测试 .............................................. 41 3.3 矸石材料水化学损伤变量的表征 ...................................................................... 60 3.4 考虑水物理化学作用的矸石蠕变损伤模型构建 .............................................. 65 3.5 本章小结 .............................................................................................................. 70 4 水化学溶液腐蚀矸石损伤的时效特征水化学溶液腐蚀矸石损伤的时效特征 ................................................................. 71 4.1 矸石浸泡溶液 pH 随时间演化规律 ................................................................... 71 4.2 水化学溶液腐蚀矸石的微细观损伤测试 .......................................................... 73 4.3 水化学溶液腐蚀矸石的元素电子能谱测试 ...................................................... 79 4.4 水化学溶液腐蚀矸石的矿物组分测试 .............................................................. 83 4.5 水化学溶液侵蚀条件下矸石损伤机制 .............................................................. 87 4.6 本章小结 .............................................................................................................. 92 5 矸石中重金属元素溶解矸石中重金属元素溶解-释放规律的试验释放规律的试验 ............................................................ 94 5.1 矸石中重金属元素的赋存特征 .......................................................................... 94 5.2 矸石中重金属元素溶出的静态浸泡试验 ...................................................... 103 5.3 水-矸石相互作用中重金属的溶出数学模型 ................................................... 115 万方数据 V 5.4 本章小结 ............................................................................................................ 116 6 多场耦合下矸石承载压缩孔隙演化及渗流规律模拟多场耦合下矸石承载压缩孔隙演化及渗流规律模拟 ....................................... 120 6.1 水化学溶液侵蚀矸石瞬时与蠕变压实孔隙演化规律 .................................... 120 6.2 多场耦合作用下非均质矸石承载压缩孔隙演化特征 .................................... 128 6.3 多场耦合作用下非均质矸石承载压缩渗流动态演化规律 ............................ 140 6.4 本章小结 ............................................................................................................ 143 7 矸石充填体重金属释放矸石充填体重金属释放-迁移特征及调控方法迁移特征及调控方法.................................................. 144 7.1 矸石充填体内重金属释放-迁移特征 ............................................................... 144 7.2 矸石充填体重金属影响地下水环境评估 ........................................................ 152 7.3 矸石充填体重金属环境效应的调控方法 ........................................................ 154 7.4 本章小结 ............................................................................................................ 159 8 结论与展望结论与展望 ........................................................................................................... 160 8.1 主要结论 ............................................................................................................ 160 8.2 研究展望 ............................................................................................................ 162 参考文献参考文献 ................................................................................................................... 163 作者简历作者简历 ................................................................................................................... 181 学位论文原创性声明学位论文原创性声明 ............................................................................................... 184 学位论文数据集学位论文数据集 ....................................................................................................... 185 万方数据 VI Contents Abstract ......................................................................................................................... I Contents ..................................................................................................................... IV List of Figures ......................................................................................................... VIII List of Tables ............................................................................................................. XV List of Variables................................................................................................... XVIII 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Research Backgounds and Significances ................................................................. 1 1.2 Research Actuality ................................................................................................... 4 1.3 Research Contents and s .............................................................................. 9 1.4 Main Innovations ................................................................................................... 12 2 Physico-Chemical Properties of Typical Lithologic Gangue and Its Background Value of Heavy Metal Elements ................................................................................ 13 2.1 Investigation on Chemical Components and Heavy Metal Elements Content of Typical Lithologic Gangue .......................................................................................... 13 2.2 Test on Physico-Chemical Properties of Typical Lithologic Gangue .................... 21 2.3 Background Content of Heavy Metal Elements in Typical Lithologic Gangue and Its uation on Potential Ecological Hazards ........................................................... 25 2.4 Chapter Summary .................................................................................................. 28 3 Testing of Compressive Mechanical Properties of Gangue under the Action of Water-Chemical Solutions .....................................................................................