巨厚火成岩下注浆充填载荷传递规律研究.pdf

硕士学位论文 巨厚火成岩下注浆充填载荷传递规律研究 Study on Load Transfer Law of Grouting Backfill under Extremely Thick Igneous Rock 作 者胡 楠 导 师许家林 教授 中国矿业大学 二〇一七年五月 国家自然科学基金资助项目（51604258） 江苏省自然科学基金资助项目（BK20150194） 万方数据 中图分类号 TD325 学校代码 10290 UDC 622 密 级 公开 中国矿业大学 硕士学位论文 巨厚火成岩下注浆充填载荷传递规律研究 Study on Load Transfer Law of Grouting Backfill under Extremely Thick Igneous Rock 作 者 胡 楠 导 师 许家林 申请学位 工学硕士学位 培养单位 矿业工程学院 学科专业 采矿工程 研究方向 绿色开采 答辩委员会主席 谢耀社 评 阅 人 朱卫兵 董祥林 二○一七年五月 万方数据 学位论文使用授权声明学位论文使用授权声明 本人完全了解中国矿业大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，同意本人所撰 写的学位论文的使用授权按照学校的管理规定处理 作为申请学位的条件之一， 学位论文著作权拥有者须授权所在学校拥有学位 论文的部分使用权，即①学校档案馆和图书馆有权保留学位论文的纸质版和电 子版，可以使用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编学位论文；②为教学和 科研目的，学校档案馆和图书馆可以将公开的学位论文作为资料在档案馆、图书 馆等场所或在校园网上供校内师生阅读、浏览。另外，根据有关法规，同意中国 国家图书馆保存研究生学位论文。 （保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权书） 。 作者签名 导师签名 年 月 日 年 月 日 万方数据 致致 谢谢 时光荏苒，岁月如梭，转眼间三年的硕士研究生学习生活一晃而过在这过 去的三年里，一点一滴的进步都得益于各位老师的教诲和同学们的帮助，他们严 谨的科研作风和勤奋的治学态度值得我终身学习。 值此毕业之际， 谨向所有关心、 爱护、帮助我的人致以最诚挚的感谢与最美好的祝愿。 首先，要感谢我的导师许家林教授。本论文是在导师的悉心指导下完成的。 导师为人谦和，平易近人，他渊博的专业知识、严谨的治学态度和精益求精的工 作作风给我深远的影响。在此向导师表示深切的谢意与祝福 本论文的完成也离不开课题组诸位老师和师兄弟的指导与帮助， 感谢朱卫兵 副教授、胡国忠副教授、谢建林副研究员、鞠金峰副研究员、秦伟副研究员、王 晓振讲师的指点，他们在数据分析和处理、论文的通篇布局和写作中都给了我很 多宝贵意见，对于他们的帮助，我铭感于心。 感谢轩大洋博士在硕士三年期间给与我的帮助 三年来教会我分析问题和数 据处理的技巧和方法，以及在研究方向上对我的积极引导和传授。 在论文开展期 间，从选题、数值模拟、修改定稿方面都得到了轩大洋博士真切的意见 感谢汪锋博士、王秉龙博士、滕浩博士、何昌春博士、李竹博士、程晋国、 程玉印、于佳佳、董军业、温嘉辉、邱平、刘传振、甘满光、鹿怀坦、刘樟平、 崔晓健、韩红凯、徐敬民、潘海成、朱怡然、张广磊等硕士在论文开展期间给与 的帮助和建议 感谢淮北矿业集团海孜煤矿和淮北勘探公司的诸位领导和同事在现场实测 期间给我提供详细的技术资料、便利的住宿和饮食等各种帮助， 特别是已经毕业 且在海孜矿工作的王广露师兄。在此真诚感谢你们 感谢父母和亲人，将我养育成人，关心支持我一步一步的完成学业。将近二 十载的求学生涯，始终贯穿着父母和亲人对我的期望，你们的期望也将是我工作 的动力 最后，感谢各位专家在百忙之中评审本论文，由于水平有限，文中定有许多 错误和疏漏之处，热切希望得到您们的指教。 胡楠 二○一七年五月 万方数据 I 摘摘 要要 巨厚岩层作为一种特殊覆岩结构， 在开采其下方煤层时常常导致动力现象发 生，严重影响安全生产。巨厚岩层悬空不断导致的煤体应力集中，是此类灾害发 生的重要原因。利用地面钻孔对巨厚岩层下部的离层区进行注浆充填，通过充填 体将岩层载荷向下传递至采空区，从而有效支撑巨厚岩层，是降低该岩体悬空引 起应力集中的有效手段。在该方法的实施中，注浆充填参数对覆岩载荷传递特性 以及煤层采动应力转移的影响是影响工程效果的关键。因此，论文以数值模拟实 验为主要研究手段，研究了巨厚火成岩下注浆充填载荷传递规律，并通过工程实 践进行验证。 研究揭示了注采比、 注浆充填层位等关键充填参数对巨厚火成岩下采动应力 转移的影响特征。由于充填体对覆岩载荷的下向传递作用，巨厚火成岩下离层注 浆充填后将改变采动应力分布特征，集中表现在采空区承载力得到增加、实体煤 应力集中得到减缓，其中，影响载荷传递性的工艺参数是注采比与充填层位。研 究发现，控制载荷传递性的关键因素是注采比（即充填量） ，与其相比，充填层 位对载荷传递的影响要小很多。注采比越大，巨厚火成岩下采煤时采动应力集中 程度越小；随着注采比的增加，采空区的应力峰值明显增加，煤体侧应力峰值、 集中系数明显降低，应力影响范围减小；在注采比为 50时，应力集中增量降幅 可达 20。在注采比相同条件下，注浆充填层位越高，煤体侧应力集中越小，注 浆充填载荷传递效果越好。因此，巨厚火成岩下实施注浆充填时，在保证充填量 的前提下，可优先考虑选择其底界面作为充填层位。 研究得出了采空区支撑率与充填参数之间的关系。 采空区支撑率随注采比的 增加而增加，随着注浆充填层位的升高逐渐降低。在采宽 150m 条件下，注采比 为 3265时，采空区支撑率为 1339；在相同注采比时，随着采宽加大， 支撑率还会明显加大。 注浆充填层位在煤层上方 70m170m 时， 采空区支撑率为 4639；在相同注浆充填层位时，支撑率随采宽增加有降低趋势。同时，研 究得出，采空区支撑区范围与煤体采动应力特征参数均呈负相关，即采空区支撑 带范围不断增大时，煤体侧应力集中系数、应力集中增量、采动应力影响范围不 断减小。 在海孜煤矿Ⅱ1026 工作面实施巨厚火成岩下隔离注浆充填减灾试验，有效 降低了采动应力集中造成的动力灾害，未出现因巨厚火成岩导致的采动灾害，安 全采出原煤 56.3 万吨，达到了安全回采的目的。 本论文含有图 53 幅，表格 23 个，参考文献 95 篇。 关键词关键词巨厚岩层；注浆充填；载荷传递；采空区支撑带；绿色开采 万方数据 II AbstractAbstract As a special overburden structure, it often leads to the occurrence of dynamic phenomena in the mining under the thick rock, which seriously affects the safe production. It is an important reason for this kind of disaster because of the concentrated stress of the coal caused by the huge rock ation. It is effective to reduce the stress concentration caused by the suspension of the rock mass by the grouting of the rock mass in the lower part of the thick rock ation by the ground drilling. In the implementation of this , the effect of grouting filling parameters on the load transfer characteristics of overburden and the stress transfer of coal seam is the key to the engineering effect. Therefore, the paper takes the numerical simulation experiment as the main research , and studies the feeding law of grouting under the thick igneous rock, and validates it through engineering practice. The influence of the key filling parameters such as injection - production ratio and grouting filling horizon on the dynamic stress transfer under the thick igneous rock is revealed. Due to the downward transfer of the load on the overburden load, the stress distribution of the mining stress will be changed after the grouting in the thick and large igneous rock, and the bearing capacity of the mined-out area is increased and the solid coal stress concentration is slowed down., The process parameters that affect the load transfer are the injection-production ratio and the filling horizon. It is found that the key factor controlling the load transfer is the injection - production ratio the filling capacity, and the effect of the filling horizon on the load transfer is much smaller. With the increase of the injection-mixing ratio, the stress peak of the goaf area is obviously increased, the peak value of the lateral stress of the coal body, the concentration coefficient of the coal body is obviously reduced, and the stress is greater than that of the coal mining area. The range of influence is reduced; when the injection - production ratio is 50, the increment of stress concentration is up to 20. Under the same conditions of injection and production, the higher the grouting layer, the smaller the concentration of the side of the coal, the better the effect of grouting loading. Therefore, the implementation of grouting under the thick corrosive rock, in the protection of the amount of filling under the premise, you can give priority to choose the bottom interface as a filling layer. The relationship between the support rate and the filling parameters of the goaf is 万方数据 III obtained. The support ratio of mined-out area increases with the increase of injection-production ratio, and decreases with the increase of grouting filling level. In the mining of 150m under the conditions of injection and production ratio of 32 to 65, mined-out support rate of 13 to 39; in the same injection and production ratio, with the widening of the width, support rate will be significantly increased Big. When the filling layer is 70m 170m above the coal seam, the supporting rate of the goaf is 46 39. In the same grouting filling layer, the support rate decreases with the increase of the mining width. At the same time, it is concluded that the supporting area of goaf is negatively correlated with the characteristic parameters of coal mining stress, that is, when the range of supporting zone is increasing, the stress concentration concentration, The range of dynamic stress is decreasing. Experiments on grouting filling for disaster reduction under extremely thick igneous rock at the Coal Face Ⅱ1026 of Haizi Coal Mine. Effectively reducing the dynamic stress caused by the concentration of mining disasters, did not appear due to the huge igneous rock caused by mining disasters, safe production of raw materials 563,000 tons, to achieve the purpose of safe recovery. There are 53 figures, 23 tables and 95 references in this thesis. Keywords extremely thick rock；grouting and backfill；load transmitting；goaf support belt；green mining 万方数据 IV 目目 录录 摘摘 要要 ........................................................................................................................... I 目目 录录 ........................................................................................................................ IV 图清单图清单 ..................................................................................................................... VIII 表清单表清单 ....................................................................................................................... XII 变量注释表变量注释表 ............................................................................................................. XIV 1 绪论绪论 ....................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 研究的目的和意义............................................................................................ 1 1.2 文献综述............................................................................................................ 2 1.3 主要研究内容与技术路线................................................................................ 9 2 巨厚火成岩下采动应力致灾与注浆充填减灾机巨厚火成岩下采动应力致灾与注浆充填减灾机理理 ......................................... 11 2.1 数值模型的建立.............................................................................................. 11 2.2 采动作用下巨厚火成岩受力及煤体应力分布研究...................................... 13 2.3 注浆充填作用下巨厚火成岩受力及煤体应力分布研究.............................. 16 2.4 巨厚火成岩下注浆充填降低采动应力的作用机理...................................... 22 3 巨厚火成岩下注浆充填体载荷传递特性研究巨厚火成岩下注浆充填体载荷传递特性研究 ................................................. 23 3.1 注浆充填体作用下巨厚火成岩下覆岩体应力分布特征.............................. 23 3.2 注采比对注浆充填体载荷传递特性的影响.................................................. 31 3.3 注浆充填层位对注浆充填体载荷传递特性的影响...................................... 38 3.4 本章小结.......................................................................................................... 43 4 注浆充填体载荷传递作用下采空区支撑带对应注浆充填体载荷传递作用下采空区支撑带对应力转移的影响力转移的影响 ..................... 44 4.1 注浆充填体载荷传递作用下采空区支撑带形成规律.................................. 44 4.2 注浆充填支撑带与煤体应力转移的关系研究.............................................. 49 4.3 本章小结.......................................................................................................... 52 5 工程实践工程实践 ............................................................................................................. 53 5.1 工程概况.......................................................................................................... 53 5.2 实施方案.......................................................................................................... 53 5.3 效果分析.......................................................................................................... 54 6 主要结论与展望主要结论与展望 ................................................................................................. 55 万方数据 V 6.1 主要结论.......................................................................................................... 55 6.2 工作展望.......................................................................................................... 56 参考文献参考文献 ................................................................................................................. 57 作者简历作者简历 ..................................................................................................................... 63 学位论文原创性声明学位论文原创性声明 ................................................................................................. 64 学位论文数据集学位论文数据集 ......................................................................................................... 65 万方数据 VI CONTENTSCONTENTS Abstract ......................................................................................................................... I Contents ..................................................................................................................... IV List of Figures ......................................................................................................... VIII List of Tables ............................................................................................................. XII List of Variables...................................................................................................... XIV 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Introduction of the Problem and Research Meaning ............................................... 1 1.2 Literature Review..................................................................................................... 2 1.3 Research Contents and Research s .............................................................. 9 2 Mechanism of Mining Stress Caused by Disaster and Grouting Filling Disaster Reduction under Extremely Thick Igneous Rock ................................................... 11 2.1 Establishment of Numerical Model ....................................................................... 11 2.2 Study on Force of Extremely Thick Igneous Rock and Stress Distribution of Coal in Mining ...................................................................................................................... 13 2.3 Study on Force of Extremely Thick Igneous Rock and Stress Distribution of Coal in Grouting ................................................................................................................... 16 2.4 Mechanism of Grouting Filling to Reduce Mining Stress under Extremely Thick Igneous Rock ............................................................................................................... 22 3 Study on Load Transfer Characteristics of Grouting Filling under Extremely Thick Igneous Rock ................................................................................................... 23 3.1 Characteristics of Stress Distribution in Rock Below Extremely Thick Igneous Rock at the Action of Grouting Filling ........................................................................ 23 3.2 Influence of Injection-Production Ratio on Load Transfer Characteristics of Grouting Filling ........................................................................................................... 31 3.3 Influence of Grouting Layers on Load Transfer Characteristics of Grouting Filling ...................................................................................................................................... 38 3.4 Chapter Conclusions .............................................................................................. 43 4 Effect of Mined-out Support Zone on Stress Transfer at Load Transfer of Grouting Filling .......................................................................................................... 44 4.1 The ation Rule of the Support Zone in the Goaf at Load Transfer of Grouting Filling ........................................................................................................................... 44 万方数据 VII 4.2 Study on the Relationship between Grouting Filling Support Belt and Stress Transfer in Coal ........................................................................................................... 49 4.3 Chapter Conclusion ................................................................................................ 52 5 Engineering Practice .............................................................................................. 53 5.1 Engineering Overview ........................................................................................... 53 5.2 Implementation Plan .............................................................................................. 53 5.3 Effectiveness Analysis .......................................................................................