河堤下固体充填采煤地表变形控制研究与实践.pdf

国家重点基础研究发展计划资助（973 计划） （2013CB227905） 国家自然科学基金创新研究群体项目资助（51421003） 博士学位论文 河堤下固体充填采煤地表变形控制研究与 实践 Surface Deation Control and Practice with Solid Backfill Mining under Embankment 作 者陈勇 导 师张东升 教授 中国矿业大学 二 O 一六年十二月 万方数据 中图分类号 TD325 学校代码 10290 UDC 622 密 级 公开 国家重点基础研究发展计划资助（973 计划） （2013CB227905） 国家自然科学基金创新研究群体项目资助（51421003） 中国矿业大学 博士学位论文 河堤下固体充填采煤地表变形控制研究与实践 Surface Deation Control and Practice with Solid Backfill Mining under Embankment 作 者 陈勇 导 师 张东升 申请学位 工学博士 培养单位 矿业工程学院 学科专业 采矿工程 研究方向 充填采煤与岩层控制 答辩委员会主席 张农 评 阅 人 盲审 二 O 一六年十二月 万方数据 学位论文学位论文使用使用授权声明授权声明 本人完全了解中国矿业大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，同意本人所撰 写的学位论文的使用授权按照学校的管理规定处理 作为申请学位的条件之一， 学位论文著作权拥有者须授权所在学校拥有学位 论文的部分使用权，即①学校档案馆和图书馆有权保留学位论文的纸质版和电 子版，可以使用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编学位论文；②为教学和 科研目的，学校档案馆和图书馆可以将公开的学位论文作为资料在档案馆、图书 馆等场所或在校园网上供校内师生阅读、浏览。另外，根据有关法规，同意中国 国家图书馆保存研究生学位论文。 （保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权书） 。 作者签名 导师签名 年 月 日 年 月 日 万方数据 论文审阅认定书论文审阅认定书 研究生 陈勇 在规定的学习年限内， 按照研究生培养方案的要求， 完成了研究生课程的学习， 成绩合格； 在我的指导下完成本学位论文, 经审阅，论文中的观点、数据、表述和结构为我所认同，论文撰写格 式符合学校的相关规定， 同意将本论文作为学位申请论文送专家评审。 导师签字 年 月 日 万方数据 致谢致谢 本论文是在导师张东升教授的悉心指导下完成的， 从论文选题到试验方案制 定，直至论文的撰写无不凝聚着导师的心血。导师以其对研究方向的敏锐把握和 对学科发展的高瞻远瞩为学生指明了宏观研究思路， 并及时解决了学生在课题研 究期间所遇到的迷茫与困惑。没有导师对学生的点拨、启迪、鞭策与诸多方面的 关心，论文是不可能顺利完成的。 师从近四载，收获甚丰，感触亦深。导师刻苦钻研、勇于创新的开拓精神， 勤勤恳恳、一丝不苟的工作态度，诚实开明、乐于助人的做人品质，严谨求实的 治学态度，高屋建瓴把握全局的能力，忘我的工作精神，给学生树立起潜移默化 的典范作用，这也是导师传授给学生最宝贵的财富。值此拙作完成之际，谨向我 的导师张东升教授致以最崇高的敬意和衷心的感谢 特别感谢在学期间张吉雄教授给予的大力支持， 以及在本论文写作期间的无 私帮助。从事采矿安全生产工作十年来，无论是学习上还是工作上，张吉雄教授 都给予我极大的关心、指导和帮助，没有张教授的谆谆教诲、悉心指导和无私帮 助，我的学业是不可能顺利完成的，在此，谨向张吉雄教授致以崇高的敬意和衷 心的感谢 感谢周楠老师、李猛博士、孙强博士、姜海强博士在理论推导、数值模拟方 面的帮助；感谢韩晓乐硕士、董祥俭硕士、权凯硕士、姜淑印硕士在试验测试及 分析方面的帮助；感谢巨峰老师、黄艳利老师、张强老师、邓雪杰博士在论文撰 写方面的帮助 衷心感谢中国矿业大学在博士攻读期间对我的培养 感谢矿业工程学院领导 及老师们在学习和生活上给予的关心、鼓励和帮助感谢我的亲人、同事在研究 生学习期间的理解和支持，使我有更多的精力投入工作和论文的写作 感谢本论文所引用文献的作者。感谢所有帮助和关心我的人 感谢在百忙之中评审、答辩本论文并提出宝贵意见的各位专家教授 万方数据 I 摘摘 要要 河堤是沿江河、 渠道、 湖、 海岸边或分洪区、 围垦区边缘修筑的挡水建筑物， 我国存在大量的河堤下压煤， 通常采用留设大尺寸防水煤柱或者限制采煤厚度的 方式进行开采，浪费了大量的煤炭资源，并且不能完全保证河堤的安全，影响当 地重大水利工程的安全运行。固体充填采煤技术作为新兴的绿色开采技术，近年 在我国“三下”压煤开采方面已取得了重大突破，理论与实践证明，固体充填采煤 可以在高采出率开采煤炭资源的同时，严格控制地表变形，保护地表建构筑物。 因此，本文提出了河堤下固体充填采煤的思路，采用理论分析、实验室试验、数 值模拟及工业性试验等多种研究方法，研究了河堤变形的防护关键，分析了河堤 受固体充填采煤工作面采动影响的变形机理及规律， 建立了河堤变形的预计模型， 提出了控制河堤变形的可控因子及影响规律，并进行了工业性试验，取得的主要 创新成果如下 （1）基于采动影响下河堤的变形机理及形式，分析了渗流场与耦合场相互作 用下的河堤变形规律，提出控制地表下沉及拉伸变形是保障河堤稳定性的关键， 结合固体充填采煤的地表变形机理，确定了河堤下固体充填采煤的可控因子。 （2）根据土堆型河堤的结构特征，提出河堤破坏的判别标准以所受拉应力为 主，建立了河堤采动变形力学模型，得出了河堤采动变形参数及其与拉应力之间 的计算关系。 （3）以充实率为充填效果的表征参数，建立了基于充实率的河堤变形预计模 型，并结合河堤稳定性判别标准，提出了多充填工作面条件下的充实率设计方法 与流程。 （4）通过数值模拟分析，得出固体充填采煤工作面不同影响因素变化时河堤 的稳定性，根据理论分析、实验室试验及数值计算的结果，设计了试验区域的充 实率，优化了固体充填采煤工艺，并成功进行了工业性试验，取得了良好的工程 应用效果。 该论文有图 70 幅，表 21 个，参考文献 206 篇。 关键词关键词固体充填采煤；河堤；地表变形；充实率 万方数据 II Abstract Embankment is along the rivers, channels, lakes, coastal or flood-diversion area, reclamation area edge, built to block water. In China, there are a lot of coal trapped under embankment. Generally large size waterproof coal pillar or restricted mining thickness of exploitation are applied to mine the trapped coal resource, which not only waste a lot of coal but not ensure the safety of the embankment. Also it could endanger the operation of local major hydraulic engineering. In recent years, solid backfill mining technology is regarded as one of the green mining technology and makes a graet breakthrough in mining “Three Under” trapped coal. Both the theory and engineering practice have proved that solid backfill mining can exploit the coal recource at hight recovery rate, in the meantime, it can control surface subsidence and protect surface buildings. Therefore, this paper comes up the to exploit coal with solid backfill mining under the embankment. By using theoretical analysis, laboratory test, numerical simulation and industrial test, the key protection factor for embankment deation is analyzed, and the dedoramtion mechanism of embankment affected by solid backfill mining movements. The prediction model for embankment deation is established. Besides, controllable factors and influence laws for embankment deation is created and tested in instu. The main innovative achievements are as follows 1 Based on the deation of embankment under mining process, the key parameter for controlling embankment deation is to decrease the subsidence and movement of embankment. By analyzing surface deation mechanism with solid backfill mining, the controllable factors for backfill mining under embankment are backfill quality and mining area. 2 According to the structural characteristics of the mound type embankment, tensile force on the embankment is selected as the failure criterion. The embankment deation mechanical model during mining process is established to calculate the relationship between embankment deation parameters and tensile force. 3 With backfill ratio chosen as characterization parameters, embankment deation prediction model is created based on backfill ratio. Combined with the embankment stability criterion, backfill ratio design and design process are proposed under multi backfill mining working faces. 4 By numerical simulation analysis, the stability of embankment variation is obtained when different influence factors in solid backfill mining working face are 万方数据 III changed. According to the results of theoretical analysis, laboratory test and numerical calculation, the backfill ratio is desiged in the test area. The solid backfill mining process is optimized, and the industrial experiment succeedes, which achieved good engineering application effects. This paper has 70 figures, 21 tables and 206 references. Keywords solid filling coal mining; embankment; surface deation; backfill ratio 万方数据 IV Extended Abstract This paper focuses on the difficulties in mining under embankment with solid backfill mining. Through theoretical analysis, laboratory test, numerical analysis and insitu test, influence of mining deation mechanism on mound type embankment is studied and the key protection factor for mining under large size embankment is come up. Based on controllable factors and influence characteristics of embankment deation, analysis model of embankment deation and failure due to mining is established. With the model, how the mining area with solid backfill mining, working face advancing distance and backfill ratio affect embankment stability are researched. In the meantime, a prediction model for forecasting embankment deation with solid backfill mining is created and successfully applied in designing mining project under Nanyang Lake embankment. Also the industrial test was carried out there. The main conclusions are as follows 1 Based on the ation mechanism and the main of mining deation, it is concluded that horizontal deation caused by tensile force in mining deation is the main factor generating cracks in embankment. Secondly, the unevenly sinking of embankment and water overtopping are two factors affecting the stability of the embankment. 2 According to the different mining deation for the effects of the surface, the key protection is to decrease mining deation in the embankment during mining under the embankment. In other words, controlling the embankment sinking, horizontal deation and decrease the tensile force on the embankment. 3 Based on analyzing surface deation mechanism with solid backfill mining, the controllable factors of surface deation is analyzed. Aiming at mining under Nanyang Lake embankment, the detail controllable factors are backfill ratio in the gob, mining area and relationship between working face advancing distance and embankment location. 4 By testing mechanical properties of mound type embankment specimens, the tensile stress, compressive strength and stress-strain relationship are obtained. Based on the characteristics of embankment deation due to mining, the embankment can be regarded as elastic foundation beam model. The deation and failure mechanical model of embankment under mining influence are established. The embankment failure analysis is checked with the first strength theory. 万方数据 V 5 With the analysis of strata control effects with backfill mining and influencing factors on backfill ratio such as compressive ratio of backfill body and subsidence before backfill mining, corresponding to improve backfill ratio and roof control and subsidence. Probability integral predicting the embankment deation is established. Combined with strata movement characteristics with solid backfill mining, the expected parameters can be determined. 6 Based on controllable factors of surface deation with solid backfill mining, FLAC3D numerical simulation software is used to simulate the embankment deation, stress distribution and plastic zone development under different backfill ratio, different mining area and advancing distance. The influence from these factors are obtained. The modification for embankment stability is made. According to the experimental effects, the mining under large embankment is polished. 7 In accordance with the geological condition in Jining No.3 Coal Mine, the backfill ratio in mining area is designed. During the industrial test, based on the real test condition in the first working face, the backfill ratio in rest mining area 63 down 04-1 and 63 down 04-2 working face is adjusted. Also, improvement on backfill quality is made. With the monitoring for backfill quality insitu, it shows that solid backfill mining can control the deation in embankment effectively and ensure the safety of the embankment. Keywords solid filling coal mining; embankment; surface deation; backfill ratio 万方数据 VI 目目 录录 摘摘 要要............................................................................................................................ I 目目 录录.......................................................................................................................... VI 图清单图清单........................................................................................................................... X 表清单表清单....................................................................................................................... XIV 变量注释表变量注释表 .............................................................................................................. XVI 1 绪论绪论............................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 研究背景与意义 .................................................. 1 1.2 国内外研究现状 .................................................. 2 1.3 研究内容与目标 ................................................. 11 1.4 主要创新点 ..................................................... 12 2 河堤受采动变形机理及影响因素河堤受采动变形机理及影响因素 ......................................................................... 14 2.1 地表采动变形的形成机理及表现形式 ............................... 14 2.2 采动变形对河堤的影响及防护关键 ................................. 21 2.3 固体充填采煤地表变形机理及可控因子 ............................. 29 2.4 本章小节 ....................................................... 33 3 河堤力学特性及稳定性判断标准河堤力学特性及稳定性判断标准 ......................................................................... 34 3.1 河堤材料的基本力学特性测试 ..................................... 34 3.2 河堤采动变形防护标准及力学模型 ................................. 38 3.3 本章小节 ....................................................... 43 4 固体充填采煤地表河堤变形控制机理固体充填采煤地表河堤变形控制机理 ................................................................. 44 4.1 充填效果及影响因素分析 ......................................... 44 4.2 固体充填采煤地表河堤变形预计模型 ............................... 46 4.3 基于河堤稳定性的多充填工作面充实率设计 ......................... 54 4.4 本章小节 ....................................................... 56 5 固体充填采煤地表河堤稳定性数值分析固体充填采煤地表河堤稳定性数值分析 ............................................................. 58 5.1 模型与方案设计 ................................................. 58 5.2 不同充实率条件下河堤稳定性数值分析 ............................. 61 5.3 不同开采面积条件下河堤稳定性数值分析 ........................... 66 5.4 不同推进距离条件下河堤稳定性数值分析 ........................... 71 5.5 本章小节 ....................................................... 77 6 工程实践工程实践 ................................................................................................................. 78 万方数据 VII 6.1 充填采煤区域和河堤基本情况 ..................................... 78 6.2 充实率设计及地表变形预计 ....................................... 80 6.3 首采面充填开采效果分析 ......................................... 85 6.4 充填采煤工艺优化 ............................................... 93 6.5 63下04-2 工作面充填效果实测 ...................................... 94 6.6 本章小节 ....................................................... 99 7 主要结论与展望主要结论与展望 ................................................................................................... 101 7.1 主要研究结论 .................................................. 101 7.2 进一步研究展望 ................................................ 102 参考文献参考文献 ................................................................................................................... 103 作者简历作者简历 ................................................................................................................... 114 学位论文原创性声明学位论文原创性声明 ............................................................................................... 115 学位论文数据集学位论文数据集 ....................................................................................................... 116 万方数据 VIII Contents Abstract ........................................................................................................................ II Extended Abstract ..................................................................................................... IV Contents .................................................................................................................. VIII 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Research Background and Significance ................................................................... 1 1.2 Research Status at Home and Abroad ...................................................................... 2 1.3 Research Contents and s ............................................................................ 11 1.4 Innovative Points ................................................................................................... 12 2 Embankment Mechanical Characteristics And mining Deation Analysis 14 2.1 F