大断面巷式全采充填覆岩移动规律研究.pdf

国家重点基金研宄发展规划（973计划）2015CB251600资助 江苏省高校优势学科建设工程资助项目（PAPD资助 硕士学位论文 大断面巷式全采充填覆岩移动规律研究 Research of Filling Strata Movement Laws of Large Cross Section Roadway Full-mining 作 者 李 珂 导 师 马立强教授 中 国 矿 业 大 学 二 o 七 年 五 月 中图分类号 TD821 学校代码 10290 UDC622_________ 密 级 公开 中 国 矿 业 大 学 硕 士 学 位 论 文 大断面巷式全采充填覆岩移动规律研究 Research of Filling Strata Movement Laws of Large Cross Section Roadway Full-mining 作 者 李珂 申 请 学 位 工学硕士学位 学科专业 采矿工程 答 辩 委 员 会 主 席 张益东 导 师 马立强 培养单位 矿业工程学院 研究方向岩体力学与岩层控制 评 阅 人 张吉雄刘思佳 二 o--七年五月 学位论文使用授权声明 本人完全了解中国矿业大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，同意本人所 撰写的学位论文的使用授权按照学校的管理规定处理 作为申请学位的条件之一，学位论文著作权拥有者须授权所在学校拥有学 位论文的部分使用权，即 ①学校档案馆和图书馆有权保留学位论文的纸质版 和电子版，可以使用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编学位论文；②为 教学和科研目的，学校档案馆和图书馆可以将公开的学位论文作为资料在档案 馆 、图书馆等场所或在校园网上供校内师生阅读、浏览。另外，根据有关法规， 同意中国国家图书馆保存研究生学位论文。 保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权书）。 作者签名 导师签名 年月日年月日 致 谢 时光如梭，硕士的三年生活转眼即逝，在这三年的学习和生活中，老师和 同事们都给与了我莫大的帮助，借此论文完成之际，向所有曾经帮助过我和激 励过我的人表示诚挚的感谢丨 首先， 衷心感谢我的导师马立强教授。从论文的选题和理论分析再到撰写， 马老师自始至终都给与了极大的关注和悉心指导，这些对论文的开展和研究具 有极大的促进作用，使得论文能够顺利进行。在论文完成初期，马立强教授进 行了多次审阅和修改，提出了诸多宝贵意见和建议，使论文的质量和水平得以 保证。恩师严谨的治学态度、理论联系实际、精益求精的工作作风，给学生留 下了深刻的印象，导师高尚的品格和治学风范，将是学生终生的学习榜样。 再者，衷心感谢我的父母，他们的理解和支持始终是我前进道路上最大的 动力， 同时感谢我的同窗张垚、袁秋鹏、许玉军、李迎昂等人在论文写作过程 中提供的帮助。 感谢中国矿业大学在这三年给与本人的帮助，为本人的发展提供了高新平 台，母校“开拓创新、严谨治学”的校训学生将永生铭记。 最后，特别感谢在百忙之中评阅论文和参加答辩的各位专家、教授丨感谢 参加论文答辩老师和同学，再次谢谢大家 摘 要 论文针对传统开采方法所引起的地表沉陷和井下突水灾害， 以王台铺煤矿为 工程研究背景，提出一种新式的采煤方法一大断面巷式全采充填开采，综合运用 理论分析、物理相似模拟、数值模拟等研究方法，对该种采煤方法的覆岩移动规 律和导水裂隙发育特征进行初步探讨和研究， 研究成果可为其以后的工程应用提 供参考。主要得出的结论如下 1通过理论分析研究发现该采煤法跟常规采煤法类似，充填前顶板移近 量、充填体压缩量和未接顶量是覆岩移动的主要影响因素。并且通过理论分析发 现 ， 在四个开采阶段中， 第一、 第二阶段覆岩基本不跨落只发育裂隙和弯曲下沉， 在后面的两个阶段中裂隙迅速发育，但是顶板的下沉还是在可控范围内。以弹性 地基理论为基础建立了两类情况下的顶板移动模型，并根据挠度跟转角、曲率之 间的关系，又分别建立了两类顶板的转角和曲率模型。 在忽略顶板提前下称量和 充填体压缩量前提下，将充实率乘以采高近似于煤层的采高，提出了如何理论预 测导水裂隙发育高度的方法。 2通过物理相似模拟研究了三个开采阶段的方案下的覆岩移动规律。可以 发现在巷道开采的前期顶板位移量非常小，但是在第三阶段开采过程中，顶板下 沉量急剧增加。因此可以说明最后开采阶段是控制覆岩移动变形的“关键阶段” 。 第三阶段开采完毕后，覆岩结构基本完整没有出现垮落带，只在煤层上方的小部 分范围内有裂隙发育，覆岩中只出现三带中的两带裂隙带和弯曲下沉带。 3 通过数值模拟研究了四个开采阶段方案条件下的覆岩移动特征，进一步 证实了最后开采阶段是控制覆岩移动的“关键阶段” 主要表现在地表最大下沉系 数 、顶板最大下沉量、最大支承压力以及导水裂隙发育高度随着巷道的推进而增 加 ，其中在最后一阶段的开采过程中的增加量要远远大于前三阶段的增值；覆岩 参数地表最大下沉系数、直接顶最大下沉量、支承压力、导水裂隙发育在前三个 开采阶段基本不随着充填率的改变而发生变化， 但是在第四阶段不同充填率的四 类覆岩参数发生了变化，在最后一个阶段充填率成为了控制覆岩移动的主导因 素 ，直接顶的最大下沉量跟充填率呈近似负相关的关系，其中最大支承压力的位 置由第三阶段的采场中央的第四阶段煤柱转移到了采场两侧的煤壁中。 4 因 此 可 以 得 出 结 论“关键阶段” 以及充填率是大断面巷式充填覆岩移动 变形的主要控制因素，在某些地质条件非常复杂，生态系统脆弱的地区可以选择 保留下“关键阶段”不开采以及尽量提高充填率等措施。 该 论 文 有 图4 3幅，表7个 ，参 考 文 献96篇 。 关键词大断面巷式充填；覆岩移动；导水裂隙；弹性地基；充填率 I Abstract In order to solve the problem of surface subsidence and underground water bursting caused by traditional mining s, a new type of coal mining , large-section alley-type fully-mining and mining， comprehensive analysis and physical analysis, Similar simulation, numerical simulation and other research s, the coal mining of overlying rock movement law and the characteristics of aquifer fissure to conduct a preliminary study and research results for its future engineering applications to provide a reference. The main conclusions are as follows 1 Through the theoretical analysis, it is found that the coal mining is similar to the conventional coal mining . The volume of the roof before filling, the volume of the filling and the amount of the non-joint are the main influencing factors of the overburden movement. And through theoretical analysis, it is found that in the four mining stages, the first and second stage overburden basically does not fall under the development of fracture and bending subsidence, in the latter two stages of the rapid development of cracks, but the roof of the sink or In the controllable range. Based on the theory of elastic foundation, two types of roof movement models are established. According to the relationship between deflection and rotation angle and curvature, the rotation angle and curvature model of two kinds of roof are established respectively. Under the premise of neglecting the weight of the roof and the volume of the filling, the enrichment rate is multiplied by the height of the coal seam. The of how to predict the height of the aquifer development is put forward. 2 The law of overlying strata under the three stages of mining is studied by physical similarity simulation. It can be found that the displacement of the roof is very small in the early stage of roadway mining, but in the third stage of mining, the amount of roof slump increases sharply. It is therefore possible to show that the final stage of exploitation is a “critical stage“ for controlling the deation of overlying strata. After the third stage of mining, the overburden structure is basically complete without collapse belt, only a small part of the coal seam within the scope of fissure development, overlying rock only occurred in the two zones with two cracks and bending subsidence zone. 3 Through the numerical simulation, the characteristics of overlying strata under four mining stages are studied. It is further confirmed that the “critical stage“ of controlling the overburden movement is mainly manifested in the maximum II subsidence coefficient of the surface, the maximum sinking of the roof The maximum support pressure and the development height of the aquifer fissure increase with the advance of the roadway, and the increase in the last stage of the mining process is much larger than that of the first three stages. The maximum subsidence coefficient of the overburden parameter, The maximum subsidence amount, the bearing pressure and the aquifer fissure development in the first three mining stages did not change with the change of the filling rate. However, the four types of overburden parameters at different filling rates changed in the fourth stage. The final stage filling rate is the dominant factor controlling the overburden movement, and the maximum subsidence amount of the direct top is approximately negatively correlated with the filling rate. The position of the maximum bearing pressure is determined by the fourth stage of the central stage of the third stage The pillars are transferred to the coal walls on both sides of the stope. 4 Therefore, it can be concluded that the “critical stage“ and the filling rate are the main controlling factors for the deation and deation of overburden-filled overburden in some areas. In some areas where the geological conditions are very complex and the fragile ecosystems can be retained, “No mining and as much as possible to improve the filling rate and other measures. The paper has figures 43, tables 7, references 96. Key words large section alley filling; overburden movement; hydraulic fracture; elastic foundation; filling rate II I 目录 摘要..................................................................................................................................... I 目 录...................................................................................................................................IV 图 清 单...............................................................................................................................VIII 表 清 单...................................................................................................................................XI 变 量 注 释表........................................................................................................................XII 1绪 论.....................................................................................................................................1 1.1研究背景和意义..............................................................................................................1 1.2国内外研究现状.............................................................................................................2 1 .3研究内容..........................................................................................................................6 1.4 研究方法.......................................................................................................................... 9 2矿区工程地质背景.........................................................................................................10 2.1矿井概况.........................................................................................................................10 2.2 工作面地质条件...........................................................................................................12 2 .3地表建筑物及压煤情况..............................................................................................14 2 .4本章小结........................................................................................................................14 3大断面巷式充填覆岩移动力学模型建立..................................................................15 3.1 覆岩移动影响因素分析..............................................................................................15 3 .2覆岩变形机理研究...................................................................................................... 16 3.3大段面巷式充填顶板移动力学模型.........................................................................21 3.4导水裂隙发育高度分析...............................................................................................26 3 .5本章小结........................................................................................................................28 4覆岩移动规律物理相似模拟研究...............................................................................29 4.1 相似模型建立................................................................................................................50 4 .2实验结果分析...............................................................................................................34 4 .3本章小结........................................................................................................................41 5大断面巷式全采充填开采岩层移动数值模拟研究................................................42 5 .1数值模型的建立...........................................................................................................42 5 .2数值模拟计算结果与分析.........................................................................................45 5 .3本章小结........................................................................................................................60 IV 6主 要 结 论.......................................................................................................................... 62 参 考 文 献...............................................................................................................................63 作 者 简 历...............................................................................................................................69 学位论文原创性声明.........................................................................................................70 学位论文数据集..................................................................................................................71 V Contents Abstract..................................................................................................................................II Contents............................................................................................................................. VII Lists of Figure .................................................................................................................. VIII List of Tables........................................................................................................................XI List of Variables................................................................................................................XII 1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Research Objective and Significance............................................................................1 1.2 Current Research Status..................................................................................................2 1.3 Research Contents............................................................................................................6 1.4 Research and s....................................................................................................9 2 Geological Conditions....................................................................................................10 2. Mine profile ......................................................................................................................10 2.2 Geological Condition of Working Face......................................................................12 2.3 Surface Buildings and Coal Pressure Situation.........................................................14 2.4 Chapter Summary ..........................................................................................................14 3 Study on Movement and Deation Mechanism of Overburden Overburden in Large Cross Section.......................................................................................................15 3.1 Analysis of Influencing Factors of Overburden Movement ....................................15 3.2 Study on Deation Mechanism of Overburden...................................................16 3.3 Mechanical Model of Movement of Filling Roof in Large Section.......................21 3.4 Analysis of Development Height of Aqueduct ..........................................................26 3.5 Chapter Summary ..........................................................................................................28 4 Study on Physical Similarity Simulation of Overlying Strata Movement Law 29 4.1Similarity Model Establishment...................................................................................29 4.2 Analysis of results..........................................................................................................34 4.3 Chapter Summary..........................................................................................................41 5 Numerical Simulation Study on Rock Mass Movement in Full - face Fully - filled M ining........................................................................................................................42 5.1 Establishment of Numerical Model............................................................................42 5.2 Numerical Simulation Calculation Results and Analysis........................................45 VI 5.3 Chapter Summary ..........................................................................................................60 6 Main Conclusions............................................................................................................62 References.............................................................................................................................63 Author’s Resume.................................................................................................................69 Declaration of