超高水材料袋式充填开采工作面“支架-围岩”关系研究.pdf

硕士学位论文 超高水材料袋式充填开采工作面 “支架-围岩”关系研究 Study on “Support-Surrounding Rock Relationship” in Mining Faces Backfilled with Bags of Super-high Water Materials 作 者闫笑泷 导 师王旭锋 教授 中国矿业大学 二○一七年五月 国家重点基础研究发展计划 973 项目（2015CB251600）资助 国家自然科学基金（51404254、51474206）资助 万方数据 中图分类号 TD325 学校代码 10290 1 UDC 622 密 级 公 开 1 中国矿业大学 硕士学位论文 超高水材料袋式充填开采工作面 “支架-围岩”关系研究 Study on “Support-Surrounding Rock ” Relationship in Mining Faces Backfilled with Bags of Super high Water Materials 作 者 闫笑泷 导 师 王旭锋 阿 申请学位 工学硕士学位 培养单位 矿业工程学院 阿 学科专业 采矿工程 研究方向 岩体力学与岩层控制 阿 答辩委员会主席 张益东 评 阅 人 张炜，李玉民 额 阿 二〇一七年五月 万方数据 2 学位论文使用授权声明学位论文使用授权声明 本人完全了解中国矿业大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，同意本人所撰 写的学位论文的使用授权按照学校的管理规定处理 作为申请学位的条件之一， 学位论文著作权拥有者须授权所在学校拥有学位 论文的部分使用权，即①学校档案馆和图书馆有权保留学位论文的纸质版和电 子版，可以使用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编学位论文；②为教学和 科研目的，学校档案馆和图书馆可以将公开的学位论文作为资料在档案馆、图书 馆等场所或在校园网上供校内师生阅读、浏览。另外，根据有关法规，同意中国 国家图书馆保存研究生学位论文。 （保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权书）。 作者签名 导师签名 年 月 日 年 月 日 万方数据 4 致谢致谢 本文的完成离不开导师王旭锋教授的悉心指导。在论文的写作过程中，王老 师从论文的选题、理论分析、资料查询、模拟研究和论文的定稿等方面都给予了 我很多指导。研究生学习期间，在学业和生活中都得到了王老师无微不至的关怀 和照顾，在此表示对王老师最衷心的感谢导师严谨求实的治学态度和兢兢业业 的工作态度将对我产生深远的影响，是我终生学习的楷模；我将认真学习王老师 思考问题的方法和科研工作中的团队合作精神。 感谢邯郸矿业集团孙春东总工程师，他的研究成果给了我很多的帮助。 感谢李复活、汪洋、李鹏、秦冬冬、曹文豪、王文强、李时宜、高强强等众 位师兄弟的帮助。各位师兄弟几年来一起进行学术活动给予我有益的启发，友谊 将长存。 感谢培养我的母校中国矿业大学。 感谢我的父母和朋友，感谢他们三年来对我的学习和工作上的理解、支持和 帮助，我将尽我所能，不断前行，回报他们的支持。 感谢论文中引用文献的作者们 最后要特别感谢各位专家在百忙之中抽出时间为本论文进行评审和答辩工 作。 闫笑泷 二〇一七年五月 万方数据 I 摘摘 要要 我国煤矿目前面临“三下”（建筑物下、铁路下、水体下）压煤多，传统开 采方法引起的采动损害大和环境污染严重等问题， 超高水材料充填开采是一种能 有效解决传统开采方法对水资源、土地资源、建筑物等造成破坏的开采方法，具 有安全性高、采出率高的优点，其中袋式充填法具有适应性强、充填效果直观且 不受工作面涌水影响等诸多优点，能够实现“三下”压煤的规模化开采。本论文 以采场覆岩结构特征为基本出发点，针对袋式充填开采的不同充填率，综合运用 物理相似模拟、数值模拟、理论分析等方法与手段，研究了超高水材料袋式充填 开采的采场覆岩活动规律、 “支架-围岩”关系及支架轻型化的可行性。主要研究 成果如下 （1）基于采场覆岩控制的要素，将超高水材料袋式充填开采分为三个控制 阶段；分析了充填开采参数对覆岩活动的影响，得出控制覆岩移动与地表沉陷关 键因素。 （2）采用物理相似模拟实验与数值模拟分析，研究了超高水材料袋式充填 开采的覆岩活动规律，分析了不同充填率条件下的“支架-围岩”关系，得出了支 架工作阻力 P 与顶板最终下沉量ΔL 变化特征的“P-ΔL”曲线，揭示了不同充 填率时，工作阻力的变化对顶板下沉量的影响，当工作阻力从 4500 kN 增加至 6600 kN，充填率为 77、86、92时，顶板下沉量分别减小了 3.4、2.7、 1.4。 （3）基于袋式充填工作面支架需控围岩的组成，将支架需控岩层划分为冒 落直接顶 Z、不稳定直接顶 B 以及高位基本顶 E 三部分结构，分析了需控围岩的 变化特征，充填率较高时，支架需控岩层主要是冒落直接顶 Z，与不稳定直接顶 B，在充填率较低时，支架需控岩层还包括高位基本顶 E，并提出了袋式充填条 件下支架支护强度的计算公式。 （4）利用 FLAC3D 对支架在保证一定充填率的条件下是否可以轻型化进行 了数值模拟验证，分析支架工作阻力分别为 4200kN、6600 kN 时的工作面超前 支承应力、顶板下沉量及巷道围岩变形量的变化规律，得出了支架轻型化时围岩 控制效果和对回采巷道影响二者变化不大，支架可以选取轻型化的规格。 该论文有图 44 幅，表 5 个，参考文献 129 篇。 关键词关键词超高水材料；充填率；“支架-围岩关系”；需控岩层；工作阻力；支架 轻型化 万方数据 II Abstract Many coal reserves are trapped under building structure , railway and water body in Chinese coal mines. The traditional mining s caused by mining damage and serious environmental pollution and other issues. Super-high water material filling and mining is an effective way to solve the traditional mining s of water resources, The bag filling has the advantages of strong adaptability, intuitive filling effect and no water Influence and many other advantages, to achieve the “three under“ the scale of coal mining. In this paper, the characteristics of the structure of the overlying strata are taken as the basic starting point. According to the different filling rates of the bag filling and mining, the physical similarity simulation, numerical simulation and theoretical analysis are used to study the effects of the ultra- Stope - surrounding rock “and the feasibility of light stenting. The main research results are as follows 1 Based on the factors of overlying control of the stope, the ultra-high water material bag filling and mining is divided into three control stages. The influence of the filling and mining parameters on the overburden activity is analyzed, and the key to control the overlying movement and the surface subsidence factor. 2 Using the physical similarity simulation experiment and numerical simulation analysis, the law of overburden movement of ultra-high water material bag filling and mining was studied, and the relationship between “bracket-surrounding rock“ under different filling rate was analyzed, The effect of the change of the working resistance on the amount of the roof sinking is revealed. When the working resistance increases from 4500 kN to 6600 kN, the filling force is increased by the change of the working resistance. When the rate was 77, 86, 92, the roof sinking volume decreased by 3.4, 2.7 and 1.4 respectively. 3 Based on the composition of the surrounding rock of the brackets, the brackets are divided into three parts the direct top Z, the unstable direct top B and the high basic E, When the filling rate is high, the brackets need to control the strata mainly to fall directly to the top Z, and the instability of the direct top B, the filling rate is low, the stent control rock layer also includes the high basic top E, and put forward Calculation ula of Support Strength under Bag Filling Condition. 4 Using FLAC3D to verify whether the scaffold can be lighted under the condition of ensuring a certain filling rate, the working resistance of the stent is 4200kN and 6600 kN, respectively. The variation law of rock deation is obtained, and the control effect of surrounding rock and the effect on the mining roadway are small, and 万方数据 III the stent can choose the light specification. The paper totally has 36 figures, 5 tables and 129 references. Keywordssuper-high water material; backfilling rate; Support and Surrounding Rock Relationship; rock strata to be controlled; working resistance; support with less working resistance 万方数据 IV 目目 录录 摘摘 要要............................................................................................................................ I 目目 录录..........................................................................................................................IV 图清单图清单........................................................................................................................ VII 表清单表清单........................................................................................................................ VII 1 绪论绪论............................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 研究背景与意义..................................................................................................... 1 1.2 国内外研究现状..................................................................................................... 2 1.3 研究存在的问题................................................................................................... 12 1.4 主要研究内容与方法........................................................................................... 13 2 超高水材料袋式充填开采覆岩沉降控制影响因素超高水材料袋式充填开采覆岩沉降控制影响因素 ............................................. 14 2.1 超高水袋式充填简介........................................................................................... 14 2.2 袋式充填开采覆岩控制机理............................................................................... 15 2.3 影响充填效果的因素分析................................................................................... 20 2.4 本章小结............................................................................................................... 21 3 超高水材料袋式充填开采覆岩活动特征超高水材料袋式充填开采覆岩活动特征模拟分析模拟分析 ............................................. 22 3.1 充填开采与垮落法开采覆岩结构对比................................................................ 22 3.2 袋式充填开采覆岩活动特征相似材料模拟试验............................................... 23 3.3 超高水材料袋式充填开采覆岩活动特征数值模拟........................................... 36 3.4 本章小结............................................................................................................... 49 4 超高水材料袋式充填开采“支架超高水材料袋式充填开采“支架-围岩”相互作用关系围岩”相互作用关系 .................................... 51 4.1 “支架-围岩”相互作用体系 ............................................................................. 51 4.2 支架工作阻力计算方法........................................................................................ 54 4.3 超高水材料袋式充填液压支架选型................................................................... 62 4.4 本章小结............................................................................................................... 64 5 超高水材料袋式充填开采支架的轻型化超高水材料袋式充填开采支架的轻型化 ............................................................. 66 5.1 模型建立与测点布置........................................................................................... 66 5.2 工作阻力变化对围岩控制效果影响................................................................... 67 5.3 本章小结............................................................................................................... 71 6 主要结论主要结论.................................................................................................................. 72 万方数据 V 参考文献参考文献...................................................................................................................... 74 作者简历作者简历...................................................................................................................... 82 学位论文原创性声明学位论文原创性声明 ................................................................................................. 83 学位论文数据集学位论文数据集.......................................................................................................... 84 万方数据 VI Contents Abstract........................................................................................................................ II Contents ......................................................................................................................VI List of Figures ........................................................................................................... VII List of Tables............................................................................................................. VII 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background and significance of Research ............................................................... 1 1.2 Research Status at Home and Abroad ...................................................................... 2 1.3 The Current Existing Problems for Super-high-water Material Bag-type Filling Mining .......................................................................................................................... 12 1.4 Main Research Contents and s .................................................................. 13 2 Influencing factors of settlement control of overburden in super high water material bag filling ..................................................................................................... 14 2.1 Brief introduction of bag filling for super high water material ................ 14 2.2 Control mechanism of overburden in bag - type filling......................................... 15 2.3 Factors Affecting Filling Effect ............................................................................. 20 2.4 Chapter Summary .................................................................................................. 21 3 Simulation and Analysis on Characteristics of overlying Strata in Super high Water Material Bag Filling and Mining .................................................................. 22 3.1 Comparison of overlying structure between filling and caving ... 22 3.2 Experimental on Similar Material Simulation of Overburden Activities in Bag Filling and Mining ....................................................................................................... 23 3.3 Numerical simulation on characteristics of overlying strata of super high water material bag filling mining........................................................................................... 36 3.4 Chapter Summary .................................................................................................. 49 4 Relationship of interaction between support and surrounding rock in super high water material filling mining .................................................................................... 51 4.1 Support rock interaction system............................................................................. 51 4.2 Calculation of working resistance of support ........................................... 54 4.3 Selection of super high water material bag filling hydraulic support .................... 62 4.4 Chapter Summary .................................................................................................. 64 万方数据 VII 5 Lightweight of the super high water material bag filling and loading............... 66 5.1 Model establishment and measuring point arrangement ....................................... 66 5.2 Influence of working resistance change on surrounding rock control ................... 67 5.3 Chapter Summary .................................................................................................. 71 6 Primary Conclusions .............................................................................................. 72 References ................................................................................................................... 74 Author’s Resume ........................................................................................................ 82 Declaration of Thesis ................................................................................................. 83 Thesis Dats Collection................................................................................................ 84 万方数据 VII 图清单图清单 图序号 图名称 页码 图 1-1 采场“支架一围岩”整体力学模型 7 Figure 1-1 Circular distribution area of roadway surrounding rock deation and destruction 7 图 1-2 技术路线 13 Figure1-2 Research route 13 图 2-1 采空区袋式充填示意 14 Figure 2-1 V acuum filling of the goaf 14 图 2-2 采空区袋式充填现场示意 15 Figure 2-2 mined area bag filling field signal 15 图 2-3 袋式充填开采覆岩控制各阶段示意 15 Figure 2-3 Bag filling and overlying control of various stages of the structure 15 图 2-4 超前支承压力示意 16 Figure 2-4 Advance support pressure indication 16 图 2-5 充填支架示意 17 Figure 2-5 Filling bracket 17 图 2-6 上覆岩层应力示意 18 Figure 2-6 Overlying strata stress 18 图 2-7 超高水材料袋式充填开采过程中各环节沉降值示意 19 Figure 2-7 Super high water bag filling process of mining all the sections of the settlement value diagram 19 图 3-1 采场上覆岩层“砌体梁”结构 22 Figure 3-1 Structure of “masonry beam“ in overlying strata of stope 22 图 3-2 充填开采覆岩活动情况 23 Figure 3-2 Figure 3-2 Filling and Overlying Overburden Activities 23 图 3-3 岩层层位关系 24 Figure 3-3 strata relationship 24 图 3-4 位移测点布置 27 Figure 3-4 Displacement point arrangement 27 图 3-5 相似材料模型实照 27 Figure 3-5 Photo of similar material model 27 图 3-6 充填率为 85 时覆岩活动过程 29 Figure 3-6 Overlying rock activity at a fi