瓷窑塔煤矿井工转露天开采安全性研究.pdf

工程硕士学位论文 瓷窑塔煤矿井工转露天开采 安全性研究 Study on Safety of conversion from well to open pit in CiYaoTa Coal Mine 中国矿业大学 二○一九年五月 作者 李卫伟 导师 王恩元 教授 万方数据 万方数据 学位论文使用授权声明学位论文使用授权声明 本人完全了解中国矿业大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，同意本人所撰 写的学位论文的使用授权按照学校的管理规定处理 作为申请学位的条件之一， 学位论文著作权拥有者须授权所在学校拥有学位 论文的部分使用权，即①学校档案馆和图书馆有权保留学位论文的纸质版和电 子版，可以使用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编学位论文；②为教学和 科研目的，学校档案馆和图书馆可以将公开的学位论文作为资料在档案馆、图书 馆等场所或在校园网上供校内师生阅读、浏览。另外，根据有关法规，同意中国 国家图书馆保存研究生学位论文。 （保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权书） 。 作者签名 导师签名 年 月 日 年 月 日 万方数据 中图分类号 TD76 学校代码 10290 UDC 622 密 级 公开 中国矿业大学 工程硕士学位论文 瓷窑塔煤矿井工转露天开采 安全性研究 Study on Safety of conversion from well to open pit in CiYaoTa Coal Mine 作 者 李卫伟 导 师 王恩元 教授 申请学位 工程硕士 培养单位 安全工程学院 学科专业 安全工程 研究方向 矿业安全工程 答辩委员会主席 季经纬 评 阅 人 王海锋 张兴华 二○一九年五月 万方数据 致谢 致谢 本论文从选题到完稿，无不凝聚着王恩元教授的心血，在整个论文的成文过 程中，王老师为我指点迷津，开拓研究思路，精心点拨、热忱鼓励，给予了我细 心的指导。导师严谨求实的科研态度、踏踏实实的治学精神，不仅授我以文，而 且教我做人，虽历时三载，却给以终生受益无穷之道。在此，谨向最尊敬的王老 师致以诚挚的谢意和崇高的敬意 特别感谢沈荣喜副教授三年来在学业和生活上的悉心关怀和照顾 沈老师循 循善诱的教导和不拘一格的科研思路给予我无限的启迪， 他那诲人不倦的高尚师 德， 严于律己、 宽以待人的崇高风范， 平易近人的人格魅力是我一生学习的榜样 感谢刘贞堂教授、李忠辉教授、刘晓斐副教授、赵恩来讲师、冯小军讲师、 欧建春副研究员、李楠副研究员在日常学习过程中给予的细心指导 感谢中国矿业大学安全工程学院的领导和各位老师所提供的优越学习环境 和条件 感谢论文中所引用参考文献的所有作者， 他们卓有成效的研究成果是我的论 文完成的基石 感谢各位专家、教授在百忙之中审阅本文，并热切地希望得到您的指教 最后要特别感谢我的家人多年来对我学业上的支持和鼓励， 感谢我的父母在 我生活上的照顾，没有他们就没有今天的我，言树之背，养育之恩，无以回报， 他们的恩情我将永远铭记 万方数据 万方数据 I 摘要摘要 为提高煤炭资源的回收率和利用率，国内部分矿山采取井工转露天开采，以 此来回收大量遗留煤炭。但是由于原有井工矿场的开采遗留了大量形态各异、位 置不明的采空区，对露天开采带来了很大的安全隐患，如何确定出采空区的具体 位置和其分布影响区域已成为井工转露天开采过程中亟待解决问题。 针对井工转露天开采过程中如何确定采空区位置及范围这一难题， 本文以瓷 窑塔煤矿井工转露天开采为工程背景， 运用瞬变电磁探测技术对采空区位置及范 围进行探测，在此基础上通过对范围明确的采空区的上赋岩层施加同等载荷（即 矿用卡车等大型矿用机械设备） ，采用理论分析研究方法确定研究区域内上赋岩 层的安全承载厚度，并通过数值模拟分析煤柱及覆岩应力和位移场分布规律，确 定覆岩承载厚度的合理性。主要包括以下内容 （1）在露天采场区域运用 ATEM 瞬变电磁发射机和 ATEM 瞬变电磁接收 机， 分别采用不同发射电流大小、不同框面积以及不同迭代次数对瞬变电磁探测 参数进行校正，选择合理的参数，使其对采空区探测更加准确。 （2）通过对探测结果进行分析，得到视电阻率等值线形态、规模、变化特 征和数值大小，并据此绘制地下采空区位置和范围示意图。 （3）通过理论计算，对煤柱稳定性以及覆岩安全承载厚度进行理论分析。 （4）根据采空区位置示意图，运用 FLAC3D 软件建立采空区模型，通过在 采空区上方施加等载荷，进而模拟覆岩的稳定性，最终得出地表采空区上方开采 时覆岩的安全承载厚度。 本文针对运用瞬变电磁法确定了采空区空间位置、形态和范围，通过理论计 算上赋岩层承受载荷即重量矿用卡车等大型矿用机械设备，分析其覆岩承载能 力， 得出覆岩的安全承载厚度，对瓷窑塔煤矿和其他具有类似地质条件的井工转 露天开采矿山提供了一定的参考价值和指导意义。 关键字关键字井工转露天开采；采空区；瞬变电磁探测；视电阻率；安全承载厚 度 万方数据 万方数据 III Abstract With the increasing demand for coal resources in China, in order to improve the recovery and utilization rate of coal resources, most mines in China have adopted the mining of converting well mining to open pit mining to recover a large amount of remaining coal. However, due to the exploitation of the original well and mine site, resulting in a large number of mined-out areas of different s and unknown locations, this has brought a great security hazard to open-pit mining. How to determine the specific location of goaf and its distribution influence area has become an urgent problem to be solved in the process of well-working to open-pit mining. In view of the difficult problem of how to determine the position and scope of the goaf in the process of converting the well worker to the open pit mining, this paper takes the project background of the conversion of the miner to the open pit mining in the porcelain kiln tower coal mine. The location and range of goaf are accurately detected by using transient electromagnetic cross-section detection technology. On this basis, the same load is applied to the upper strata of the goaf with definite scope that is, large-scale mining machinery equipment such as mine trucks, and the same load is applied to the upper strata of the well-defined goaf by means of transient electromagnetic section detection technology. The safe bearing thickness of the upper strata in the study area is determined by the of theoretical analysis. The research contents are divided into the following aspects 1 The atem transient electromagnetic transmitter and atem transient electromagnetic receiver are used in the open pit stope area to correct the transient electromagnetic detection parameters with different emission current, different frame area and different iteration times, and the reasonable parameters are selected. It makes it more accurate to detect goaf. 2 Based on the analysis of the detection results, the shape, scale, variation characteristics and numerical value of the apparent resistance isoline are obtained, and the schematic diagram of the position and range of the underground goaf is drawn. 3 Through theoretical calculation, the stability of coal pillar and the safe bearing thickness of overlying rock are analyzed theoretically. 4 According to the schematic diagram of goaf position, the goaf model is established by using FLAC3D software. The stability of overlying rock is simulated by applying equal load above goaf, and finally the safe bearing thickness of overlying 万方数据 IV rock is obtained when mining above goaf. In this paper, the space position, shape and scope of goaf are determined by using transient electromagnetic , and the same load is applied to the upper strata of goaf that is, heavy truck and other large mining machinery and equipment, and the bearing capacity of overburden rock is analyzed. The safety bearing thickness of overburden rock is obtained, which provides a certain reference value and guiding significance for porcelain kiln tower coal mine and other miners with similar geological conditions to open-pit mining. KeywordsTransition from underground to open-pit mining ；Goaf ；Transient electromagnetic of Section detection ；Apparent resistivity；Safe bearing thickness 万方数据 V 目录目录 摘要摘要 ........................................................................................................................... I 目录目录 ..........................................................................................................................V 图清单图清单 .................................................................................................................... IX 表清单表清单 ...................................................................................................................XII 变量注释表变量注释表 ......................................................................................................... XIII 1 绪论绪论 ....................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 选题背景及研究意义 ........................................................................................ 1 1.2 国内外研究综述 ................................................................................................ 2 1.3 研究内容与技术路线 ........................................................................................ 4 2 瞬变电磁物探原理及结果分析瞬变电磁物探原理及结果分析 ............................................................................. 6 2.1 瞬变电磁探测原理及特点 .................................................................................. 6 2.2 视电阻率探测原理 ............................................................................................ 8 2.3 自然地理概况 .................................................................................................... 9 2.4 瞬变电磁探测结果分析.................................................................................... 11 2.5 本章小结 .......................................................................................................... 20 3 煤柱计算理论与煤柱稳定性分析煤柱计算理论与煤柱稳定性分析 ....................................................................... 22 3.1 煤柱承载能力的计算理论 ............................................................................... 22 3.2 房柱式开采煤柱稳定性分析 ........................................................................... 24 3.3 本章小结 .......................................................................................................... 28 4 覆岩安全承载厚度的计算覆岩安全承载厚度的计算 .................................................................................. 29 4.1 覆岩承载厚度计算模型的确定 ....................................................................... 29 4.2 老顶岩板的安全承载厚度计算方法 ............................................................... 32 4.3 老顶岩板的安全承载厚度计算 ....................................................................... 33 4.4 数值模拟方案 .................................................................................................. 40 4.5 本章小结........................................................................................................... 49 5 结论与创新点结论与创新点 ...................................................................................................... 50 5.1 结论 .................................................................................................................. 50 5.2 创新点 ............................................................................................................. 51 万方数据 VI 参考文献参考文献 ................................................................................................................ 52 作者简介作者简介 ................................................................................................................ 56 学位论文原创性声明学位论文原创性声明 ............................................................................................. 57 学位论文数据集学位论文数据集 ..................................................................................................... 59 万方数据 VII Contents Abstract ................................................................................................................. III Contents ................................................................................................................VII List of Figures ........................................................................................................ IX List of Tables .........................................................................................................XII 1 Introduction .......................................................................................................... 1 1.1 The Meaning of Research .................................................................................... 1 1.2 Review on the Research of Domestic and Foreign Studies ................................... 2 1.3 Research Content and Route ................................................................................ 4 2 Geophysical and Result Analysis of the Area of Goaf ......................................... 6 2.1 Detection Principle ................................................................................. 6 2.2 Apparent Resistivity Detection Principle .............................................................. 8 2.3 The General Situation of Natural Geography ....................................................... 9 2.4 Transient Electromagnetic Section Analysis ........................................................ 11 2.5 Brief Summary .................................................................................................. 20 3 The Calculation Theory and Analysis to The Stability of The Coal Column ... 22 3.1 Calculation Theory of Bearing Capacity of Coal Pillar ....................................... 22 3.2 Stability Analysis of Coal Pillar in Pillar Mining ............................................... 24 3.3 Brief Summary .................................................................................................. 28 4 Calculation of Safe Bearing Thickness of Overburden Rock ........................... 29 4.1 Determination of Calculation Model for Bearing Thickness of Overlying Rock . 29 4.2 Calculation of Safety Bearing Thickness of Top Rock Slab ................... 32 4.3 Calculation of Safety Bearing Thickness of Top Rock Slab ................................ 33 4.4 Numerical simulation scheme ............................................................................ 40 4.5 Brief Summary .................................................................................................. 49 5 Conclusion and Innovation ................................................................................ 50 5.1 Conclusion ........................................................................................................ 50 5.2 Innovation ......................................................................................................... 51 References .............................................................................................................. 52 万方数据 VIII Author’s Resume ................................................................................................... 56 Declaration of Thesis Originality .......................................................................... 57 Thesis Data Collection ........................................................................................... 59 万方数据 IX 图清单图清单 List of Figures 图序号 图名称 页码 图 1-1 技术路线图 4 Figure 1-1 Technique roadmap 4 图 2-1 瞬变电磁法瞬态过程示意图 5 Figure 2-1 Schematic Diagram of transient process of transient electromagnetic TEM 5 图 2-2 TEM 信号向地下扩散示意图 6 Figure 2-2 A schematic diagram of the TEM signal diffusion to the ground 6 图 2-3 矿区交通位置图 8 Figure 2-3 Mining area traffic location map 8 图 2-4 发射框 33m，发射电流为 300A 的衰减曲线 10 Figure 2-4 Attenuation curve of emission frame 3 3m and emission current 300A 10 图 2-5 发射框 33m，发射电流为 260A 的衰减曲线 10 Figure 2-5 Attenuation curve of emission frame 3 3m and emission current 260A 10 图 2-6 发射框 33m，发射电流为 220A 的衰减曲线 10 Figure 2-6 Attenuation curve of emission frame 3 3m and emission current 220A 10 图 2-7 发射电流为 300A ，发射框 33m的衰减曲线 10 Figure 2-7 Attenuation curve of emission frame 3 3m and emission current 300A 10 图 2-8 发射电流为 300A ，发射框 22m的衰减曲线 10 Figure 2-8 Attenuation curve of emission frame 2 2m and emission current 300A 10 图 2-9 发射电流为 300A ，发射框 1.51.5m的衰减曲线 10 Figure 2-9 Attenuation curve of emission frame 1.5 1.5 m and emission current 300A 10 图 2-10 叠加次数为 16 衰减曲线 12 Figure 2-10 Superposition 16 fall off curve 12 图 2-11 叠加次数为 8 衰减曲线 12 Figure 2-11 Superposition 8 fall off curve 12 图 2-12 叠加次数为 4 衰减曲线 12 Figure 2-12 Superposition 4 fall off curve 12 图 2-13 噪声曲线 13 Figure 2-13 Noise curve 13 图 2-14 瓷窑塔煤矿视电阻率综合剖面图 13 Figure 2-14 Comprehensive cross-sectional view of apparent resistivity of coal mine in porcelain kiln 13 图 2-15 瓷窑塔煤矿视电阻率综合剖面图 14 万方数据 X Figure 2-15 Comprehensive cross-sectional view of apparent resistivity of coal mine in porcelain kiln 14 图 2-16 南区瞬变电磁法法 3-1 煤层视电阻率顺层切片平面图 15 Figure2-16 The of transient electromagnetic in the south of the coal seam 3-1coal seam vertical slice plan of apparent resistivity 15 图 2-17 北区瞬变电磁法法 3-1煤层视电阻率顺层切片平面图 16 Figure 2-17 The of transient electromagnetic in the north of the coal seam 3-1 coal seam vertical slice plan of apparent resistivity 16 图 2-18 南区瞬变电磁法法 4-2煤层视电阻率顺层切片平面图 17 Figure 2-18 The of transient electromagnetic in the so