煤矿采场覆岩运动规律的微地震监测研究(1).pdf

分类号分类号 TD32TD32密密级级 公公开开 U D CU D C 单位代码单位代码1042410424 学学 位位 论论 文文 煤矿采场覆岩运动规律的煤矿采场覆岩运动规律的煤矿采场覆岩运动规律的 煤矿采场覆岩运动规律的 微地震监测研究微地震监测研究微地震监测研究 微地震监测研究 韩国栋韩国栋 申请学位级别申请学位级别硕士学位硕士学位专业专业名名称称采矿工程采矿工程 指导教师姓名指导教师姓名杨杨 永永 杰杰职职称称研研 究究 员员 山山 东东 科科 技技 大大 学学 二零零七年五月二零零七年五月 论文题目论文题目论文题目 论文题目 煤矿采场覆岩运动规律的煤矿采场覆岩运动规律的煤矿采场覆岩运动规律的 煤矿采场覆岩运动规律的 微地震监测研究微地震监测研究微地震监测研究 微地震监测研究 作者姓名作者姓名作者姓名 作者姓名 韩韩 国国 栋栋入学时间入学时间入学时间 入学时间 200420042004 2004 年年 9 9 9 9 月月 专业名称专业名称专业名称 专业名称 采矿工程采矿工程研究方向研究方向研究方向 研究方向 矿山压力与岩层控制矿山压力与岩层控制 指导教师指导教师指导教师 指导教师 杨杨 永永 杰杰职职职 职 称称称 称 研研 究究 员员 论文提交日期论文提交日期论文提交日期 论文提交日期 200720072007 2007 年年 5 5 5 5 月月 论文答辩日期论文答辩日期论文答辩日期 论文答辩日期 授予学位日期授予学位日期授予学位日期 授予学位日期 STUDYSTUDYSTUDY STUDY ONONON ON THETHETHE THE MOVEMENTMOVEMENTMOVEMENT MOVEMENT RULERULERULE RULE OFOFOF OF OVERLYINGOVERLYINGOVERLYING OVERLYING STRATASTRATASTRATA STRATA OFOFOF OF COLLIERYCOLLIERYCOLLIERY COLLIERY STOPESTOPESTOPE STOPE BYBYBY BY MICROSEISMICMICROSEISMICMICROSEISMIC MICROSEISMIC MONITORINGMONITORINGMONITORING MONITORING A A A A DissertationDissertationDissertation Dissertation tedtedted ted ininin in fulfillmentfulfillmentfulfillment fulfillment ofofof of thethethe the requirementsrequirementsrequirements requirements ofofof of thethethe the degreedegreedegree degree ofofof of MASTERMASTERMASTER MASTER OFOFOF OF PHILOSOPHYPHILOSOPHYPHILOSOPHY PHILOSOPHY fromfromfrom from ShandongShandongShandong Shandong UniversityUniversityUniversity University ofofof of ScienceScienceScience Science andandand and TechnologyTechnologyTechnology Technology b b b b y y y y HanHanHan Han GuodongGuodongGuodong Guodong SupervisorSupervisorSupervisor Supervisor ProfessorProfessorProfessor Professor YangYangYang Yang YongjieYongjieYongjie Yongjie CollegeCollegeCollege College ofofof of NaturalNaturalNatural Natural ResourcesResourcesResources Resources andandand and EnvironmentalEnvironmentalEnvironmental Environmental EngineeringEngineeringEngineering Engineering MMM M ayayay ay 200720072007 2007 声声明明 本人呈交给山东科技大学的这篇硕士学位论文，除了所列参考文献和世所公本人呈交给山东科技大学的这篇硕士学位论文，除了所列参考文献和世所公认认 的文献外，全部是本人在导师指导下的研究成果。该论文资料尚没有呈交于其它的文献外，全部是本人在导师指导下的研究成果。该论文资料尚没有呈交于其它 任何学术机关作鉴定。任何学术机关作鉴定。 硕士生签名硕士生签名 日日期期 AFFIRMATIONAFFIRMATIONAFFIRMATION AFFIRMATION I I I I declaredeclaredeclare declare thatthatthat that thisthisthis this dissertation,dissertation,dissertation, dissertation, tedtedted ted ininin in fulfillmentfulfillmentfulfillment fulfillment ofofof of thethethe the requirementsrequirementsrequirements requirements forforfor for thethethe the awardawardaward award ofofof of MasterMasterMaster Master ofofof of PhilosophyPhilosophyPhilosophy Philosophy ininin in ShandongShandongShandong Shandong UniversityUniversityUniversity University ofofof of ScienceScienceScience Science andandand and Technology,Technology,Technology, Technology, is is is is whollywhollywholly wholly mymymy my ownownown own workworkwork work unlessunlessunless unless referencedreferencedreferenced referenced ofofof of acknowledge.acknowledge.acknowledge. acknowledge. TheTheThe The documentdocumentdocument document hashashas has notnotnot not beenbeenbeen been tedtedted ted forforfor for qualificationqualificationqualification qualification atatat at anyanyany any otherotherother other academicacademicacademic academic institute.institute.institute. institute. SignatureSignatureSignature Signature DateDateDate Date 山东科技大学硕士学位论文摘要 摘摘要要 煤矿开采过程中，与采场覆岩运动密切相关的事故不断发生，如顶板冒落、顶底板 突水、冲击地压、煤与瓦斯突出等，对人民的生命财产造成巨大威胁。微地震监测技术 具有成果可靠、信息超前、并且可实现大范围空间内连续、动态监测等优点，因此开展 覆岩运动规律的微地震监测和岩体破坏预测研究，对于保障煤炭资源的安全开采和环境 保护都具有重要的意义。 论文介绍了微地震监测方法的原理和前人在微地震监测方面所做的工作。采用山东 科技大学研制的具有防爆功能的“Comise-2002 型（考米赛）井下微地震监测仪”对鲁 西煤矿 3上107 工作面顶板运动规律进行了微震监测及分析，在此基础上，提出了矿山井 下岩体破坏的微地震预测方法和指标。 采场覆岩在纵向方向运动特征的微地震监测分析表明，可以通过微地震事件的定位 结果分析来判断裂隙带发展高度。 本文将 3上107 工作面推进过程中监测到的微地震大事 件数的 90分布范围的上限 38.0 米定为导水裂隙带高度，采用“双端堵水测漏监测仪” 实测的导水裂隙带高度为 36.2 米。 实测导水裂隙带高度略小于微地震监测分析得出的裂 隙带高度， 可能是由于接近导水裂隙带上限附近的微地震事件数较少且未完全贯通所致。 沿工作面推进方向覆岩运动特征的微地震监测分析表明，可以采用大事件数的变化 周期来确定老顶的断裂步距。根据微地震大事件数分布得到的平均老顶运动步距为 23.3 米，与矿压观测分析结果基本一致。 可以利用微地震监测到地微地震事件蕴含的丰富的岩体破裂前兆信息对煤矿采场覆 岩破坏失稳进行预测预报。微地震事件的距离、能量、频数的一到四阶差分均能够显示 微地震事件的变化规律，根据未失稳岩体微震事件距离、频数、能量差分变化规律，能 够准确地利用微震监测技术预报岩体破裂，这对于采用微地震监测技术解决矿山井下岩 体破坏失稳预报具有重要指导意义。 关键词关键词覆岩运动规律，微地震，定位，纵向，工作面推进方向，岩体破裂，预报 山东科技大学硕士学位论文摘要 ABSTRACTABSTRACT In the procedure of coal mining, disasters which have close relationship with movement of overlying strata such as roof fall, roof or floor water inrush, rock burst, coal and gas burst etc occur frequently. Micro seismic MSmonitoringresultsarereliableandprior.MStechnologycan continuously and dynamically monitor the rock mass in big scope. So, it is ofgreatimportance notonlytothesafetyofminingbutalsotothe environment protection to study the movement rule of overlying strata and forecast the fracture of rock mass adopting MS technology. The theory of MS technology and the research achievements by forerunners on MS technology are introduced firstly. The explosion proof MS ”Comise- 2002”monitormadebyscholarsofShandongUniversityofScienceand Technologywasadoptedtomonitorthemovementofoverlyingstrataof 3over107 working face in Luxi Colliery. The monitoring and forecast index on the fracture of underground rock mass by MS is presented. Through analysis of the monitoring results on the movement characteristic of overlying strata in the vertical direction, it is found that the height of fracture zone can be decided by the localization of MS events. The upper limit 38m over the 3over107 working face which contains 90percent of the MS events is determined as the height of water conductivity zone. The actual height of water conductivity zone surveyed by “two ends sealed water loss monitor” is 36.2m. We find that the actual observation height is a little less than that by MS , the reason maybe is that the crevasses haven’t connected. Through analysis of the monitoring results on the movement character of overlying strata in the development direction of working face, it is found that the periodic change of MS big events can be used to determine the roof weightingstepdistanceofbasicroof.Thebasicroofweightingstep distance monitored by MS system is 23.3m, which is almost the same as the 山东科技大学硕士学位论文摘要 result analyzed from ground pressure observation. The rich rock broken precursor ination contained in micro seismic events can be used to forecast the stability of coal mining overlying strata. The 1-4 order variation law of frequency, energy and distance of MS events before destabilizing can display the change rule of MS events. According to the variation law of the difference of frequency, energy and distance of micro seismic events before destabilizing, the fracture of rock mass can be precisely predicted. This is of great importance for safety of colliery. KeywordsKeywords movement rule of overlying strata, micro seismic, localization, vertical direction, the development direction of working face, fracture of rock mass, forecast 山东科技大学硕士学位论文目录 目目录录 1 1 1 1 绪论绪论绪论 绪论 1 1 1 1 1.1课题研究的目的和意义1 1.2微地震研究的历史和现状3 1.3研究内容及方法和技术路线10 1.4本章小结10 2 2 2 2 煤矿井下微地震监测系统及其原理煤矿井下微地震监测系统及其原理煤矿井下微地震监测系统及其原理 煤矿井下微地震监测系统及其原理 121212 12 2.1微地震监测系统12 2.2微地震监测资料处理与解释软件研制的基础理论17 2.3定位软件的操作过程24 2.4本章小结24 3 3 3 3 煤矿采场微覆岩运动特征的微地震监测方法及结果分析煤矿采场微覆岩运动特征的微地震监测方法及结果分析煤矿采场微覆岩运动特征的微地震监测方法及结果分析 煤矿采场微覆岩运动特征的微地震监测方法及结果分析 262626 26 3.1微地震监测工作面地质条件26 3.2微地震监测系统设计及安装27 3.3微地震定位结果及初步分析33 3.4本章小结41 4 4 4 4 采场覆岩在纵向方向运动特征的微地震监测分析采场覆岩在纵向方向运动特征的微地震监测分析采场覆岩在纵向方向运动特征的微地震监测分析 采场覆岩在纵向方向运动特征的微地震监测分析 434343 43 4.1采场覆岩破坏的基本形式43 4.2采场覆岩在竖直方向上破坏和运动特征48 4.3覆岩破裂高度的确定49 4.4覆岩破裂高度的实测结果分析50 4.5覆岩破裂高度的微地震监测分析51 4.6影响顶板破裂发育高度的因素分析54 4.7本章小结55 5 5 5 5 沿工作面推进方向覆岩运动特征的微地震监测沿工作面推进方向覆岩运动特征的微地震监测沿工作面推进方向覆岩运动特征的微地震监测 沿工作面推进方向覆岩运动特征的微地震监测 565656 56 5.1采场上覆岩层在工作面推进方向运动发展阶段56 5.2采场顶板来压步距计算56 5.3采场顶板来压步距的矿压观测实测分析57 山东科技大学硕士学位论文目录 5.4采场上顶板来压规律的微地震监测分析59 5.5本章小结62 6 6 6 6 煤矿井下岩体破坏的微地震预报研究煤矿井下岩体破坏的微地震预报研究煤矿井下岩体破坏的微地震预报研究 煤矿井下岩体破坏的微地震预报研究 646464 64 6.1岩体破裂预报的可行性分析64 6.2微地震预测参数的确定64 6.3微地震监测预报岩体破坏的实例分析66 6.4本章小结69 7 7 7 7 结论和展望结论和展望结论和展望 结论和展望 707070 70 致致致 致 谢谢谢 谢 737373 73 主要参考文献主要参考文献主要参考文献 主要参考文献 747474 74 攻读硕士期间主要成果攻读硕士期间主要成果攻读硕士期间主要成果 攻读硕士期间主要成果 797979 79 山东科技大学硕士学位论文目录 ContentsContentsContents Contents 1 1 1 1 I I I I ntroductionntroductionntroduction ntroduction 1 1 1 1 1.1Studying Goal of the Project1 1.2History and Present Situation of the Study about Micro Seismic3 1.3Research Contents and s10 1.4Summary of this Chapter 10 2 2 2 2 T T T T hehehe he MonitoringMonitoringMonitoring Monitoring andandand and ResultsResultsResults Results ofofof of MovementMovementMovement Movement C C C C haracteristicharacteristicharacteristic haracteristic ofofof of OverlyingOverlyingOverlying Overlying StrataStrataStrata Strata ofofof of CoalCoalCoal Coal MineMineMine Mine WorkingWorkingWorking Working FaceFaceFace Face 121212 12 2.1Micro Seismic Monitor System 12 2.2Basic Theory of Micro Seismic Monitor Data Processing and Relevant Interpretation Software17 2.3Using of the Localization Software24 2.4Summary of This Chapter24 3 3 3 3 T T T T hehehe he MonitoringMonitoringMonitoring Monitoring andandand and ResultsResultsResults Results analysisanalysisanalysis analysis ofofof of MovementMovementMovement Movement C C C C haracteristicharacteristicharacteristic haracteristic ofofof of CoalCoalCoal Coal MineMineMine Mine OverlyingOverlyingOverlying Overlying StrataStrataStrata Strata 262626 26 3.1The Geological Condition of the Coal Face Monitored by MS 26 3.2The Design and Installation of MS Monitoring System27 3.3The Results and Simple Analysis of MS Monitoring Localization33 3.4Summary of This Chapter41 4 4 4 4 MMM M icroicroicro icro SeismicSeismicSeismic Seismic MonitoringMonitoringMonitoring Monitoring andandand and AnalysisAnalysisAnalysis Analysis ofofof of thethethe the MovementMovementMovement Movement C C C C haracteristicharacteristicharacteristic haracteristic ofofof of OverlyingOverlyingOverlying Overlying StrataStrataStrata Strata ininin in thethethe the VerticalVerticalVertical Vertical DirectionDirectionDirection Direction 434343 43 4.1Basic Fracture Style of Stope Overlying Strata43 4.2The Movement and Fracture Character of Overlying Strata in theAdvancing Direction48 4.3Decision of the Fracture Height of Stope Overlying Strata49 4.4Analysis of the Actual Observation Fracture Height of Stope Overlying Strata50 4.5Analysis of the Fracture Height of Stope Overlying Strata by MS 51 4.6Analysis of the Factors Affecting the Height of Crevasses54 4.7Summary of This Chapter 55 5 5 5 5 MSMSMS MS MonitoringMonitoringMonitoring Monitoring ononon on MovementMovementMovement Movement CharacteristicCharacteristicCharacteristic Characteristic ofofof of OverlyingOverlyingOverlying Overlying StrataStrataStrata Strata ininin in thethethe the DevelopmentDevelopmentDevelopment Development DirectionDirectionDirection Direction ofofof of CoalCoalCoal Coal FaceFaceFace Face 565656 56 5.1Develop Stage of Stope Overlying Strata in the Development Direction of Coal Face56 5.2Calculation of Roof Weighting Distance56 5.3Roof Weighting Distance Analysis by Ground Pressure Observation57 山东科技大学硕士学位论文目录 5.4Roof Weighting DistanceAnalysis by MS Monitoring59 5.5Summary ofThis Chapter62 6 6 6 6 FractureFractureFracture Fracture P P P P redictionredictionrediction rediction ResearchResearchResearch Research ofofof of RockRockRock Rock MassMassMass Mass bybyby by MSMSMS MS MonitorMonitorMonitor Monitor UndergroundUndergroundUnderground Underground CoalCoalCoal Coal MineMineMine Mine 646464 64 6.1The Feasibility Analysis of Rock Mass Fracture Prediction by MS64 6.2Selection of MS Prediction Parameters64 6.3MS Prediction Example of Rock Fracture66 6.4Summary of This Chapter69 7 7 7 7 ConclusionConclusionConclusion Conclusion andandand and ProspectProspectProspect Prospect 707070 70 ThanksThanksThanks Thanks 7 7 7 7 3 3 3 3 MainMainMain Main WorkWorkWork Work AchievementAchievementAchievement Achievement ofofof of thethethe the AuthorAuthorAuthor Author duringduringduring during WorkingWorkingWorking Working ononon on MasterMasterMaster Master PaperPaperPaper Paper 7 7 7 7 4 4 4 4 MainMainMain Main ReferenceReferenceReference Reference DocumentsDocumentsDocuments Documents 7 7 7 7 5 5 5 5 山东科技大学硕士论文绪论 1 1 1 1 1 绪论绪论绪论 绪论 1.11.11.1 1.1 课题研究的目的和意义课题研究的目的和意义课题研究的目的和意义 课题研究的目的和意义 1.1.11.1.11.1.1 1.1.1 煤矿采场覆岩运动规律研究的必要性煤矿采场覆岩运动规律研究的必要性煤矿采场覆岩运动规律研究的必要性 煤矿采场覆岩运动规律研究的必要性 我国是煤炭生产和消耗的大国，矿业作为我国的基础产业，在国民经济与社会发展 中具有重要的地位和作用。近年我国 95的能