济三煤矿53下01（南）工作面冲击危险性评价及防治(1).pdf

国家自然科学基金项目资助（51474207） 国家自然科学基金（地区基金）项目资助（51864044） 应用型硕士学位论文 济三煤矿 53下01（南）工作面冲击危险性评 价及防治 Rockburst Risk Assessment and Prevention of 5301South Working Face in Jisan Coal Mine 作 者郑金录 导 师许兴亮 教授 中国矿业大学 二〇二〇年六月 万方数据 学位论文使用授权声明学位论文使用授权声明 本人完全了解中国矿业大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，同意本人所撰 写的学位论文的使用授权按照学校的管理规定处理 作为申请学位的条件之一， 学位论文著作权拥有者须授权所在学校拥有学位 论文的部分使用权，即①学校档案馆和图书馆有权保留学位论文的纸质版和电 子版，可以使用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编学位论文；②为教学和 科研目的，学校档案馆和图书馆可以将公开的学位论文作为资料在档案馆、图书 馆等场所或在校园网上供校内师生阅读、浏览。另外，根据有关法规，同意中国 国家图书馆保存研究生学位论文。 （保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权书） 。 作者签名 导师签名 年 月 日 年 月 日 万方数据 中图分类号 TD353 学校代码 10290 UDC 622 密 级 公开 中国矿业大学 应用型硕士学位论文 济三煤矿 53下01（南）工作面冲击危险性评价及 防治 Rockburst Risk Assessment and Prevention of 5301South Working Face in Jisan Coal Mine 作 者 郑金录 导 师 许兴亮 教授 申请学位 工程硕士专业学位 培养单位 矿业工程学院 学科专业 矿业工程 研究方向 岩体力学与岩层控制 答辩委员会主席 袁永 评 阅 人 盲审 二○二○年六月 万方数据 致谢致谢 终于完成了论文的撰写，轻松与压力，快乐与苦楚，一起涌上心头，百感交 集。在职攻读硕士，有工作，有家庭，有社交，挤时间学习，做实验，跑现场， 不易。 经历过才能真正体会 “硕士” 这两个字的含义与份量， 付出了心血和汗水， 非常值得。 首先，能够师从于品格高尚、治学严谨、悉心教诲的许兴亮教授，是我求学 生涯中的荣幸。回想起读研以来的点点滴滴，导师给予我很多帮助，不仅仅是在 专业方面，还有在工作和生活方面的关怀。 每次都会对导师说这么一句话“给老师添麻烦，让您费心了” 。这句心里话， 既体现出导师对我的全心教诲，耐心辅导，真心关爱，热心帮助，也表达出自己 对导师的感恩之心，感动之意，感激之情。通过论文研究与撰写的全程指导，自 觉得学到了不少真本领，相信会让我在工作与生活中受益终身。 论文选题和撰写过程中，得到李桂臣教授、许兴亮教授、阚甲广副教授、郑 西贵教授、韩昌良、赵一鸣等多位老师的指导和帮助，在此表示衷心的感谢 特别感谢田素川博士在理论分析和工程实践研究中给予的大力支持和帮助。 最后，感谢我的父母对我无私的付出与关爱，感谢夫人对我的包容与体谅， 主动承担起所有家务和教育孩子的重任，给予我鼓励和安慰。 感谢各位专家、教授在百忙中对论文的评审与指教 万方数据 I 摘摘 要要 冲击地压是煤矿众多灾害中最典型的动力灾害， 其本质是煤岩在高应力作用 下突然失稳破坏，冲击地压发生时通常伴随着煤岩抛出和剧烈震动，极易造成安 全事故。 但是井下环境复杂、 地质条件多变， 导致冲击地压事件的发生无规律性、 难预测性较强， 且不同原因导致的冲击地压事件的破坏形式及处理措施均有较大 差异，因此，需要对煤矿井下采煤工作面的冲击地压问题进行深入研究。 为此，论文针对济三煤矿 53 下 01（南）工作面冲击地压危险性评价难题， 运用理论分析、实验室试验及工程实践等方法，分析了多种地质及工程因素对冲 击地压危险性的影响规律，研究了回采过程冲击地压发生的机理，提出了针对性 的卸压解突措施。主要成果如下 （1）53 下 01（南）工作面处于“孤岛”状态，工作面宽度呈现出“宽-窄-宽” 变化，成为冲击地压评价和防治的难题，工作面的“孤岛”状态使得两侧非对称覆 岩结构全部作用于煤层，需以“当量采深”反映煤层真实应力状态，得出工作面的 “当量采深”为 986m，实际应力值应为垂直应力的 1.86 倍。 （2）根据 53下01（南）工作面实际条件，运用综合指数法对工作面全范围 内的地质因素、采矿技术条件等因素进行了分析，通过可能性指数法对煤岩体自 身性质及内部应力状态进行量化分析，得出全工作面范围内均具备发生冲击地压 的条件。 （3）研究得出回采工作面冲击地压的发生机理及危险区划分。工作面低位 顶板和高位顶板非同步运移 、 相互影响 ， 发生冲击地压的位置复杂多变 ； “孤岛” 工作面是动力灾害的“关键工作面”，对关键岩层运移起主导作用，当推进至 “见方”等关键位置时，覆岩结构承载特性发生变化，导致工作面矿压显现出现 剧增，是冲击地压危险性增加的重要时机和位置；工作面推进至断层附近时，采 动应力与构造应力叠加，煤岩体进入高应力状态，易发生冲击地压事件。 （4）在工作面回采范围内，根据应力分布规律可划分为 9 个冲击地压发生 危险区域，其中 4 个为中等冲击危险区，5 个为强冲击危险区。 结合济三煤矿 53 下 01（南）工作面实际条件，通过大直径钻孔卸压、顶板 水压致裂、底板爆破松动断底实现工作面冲击危险性区域大幅减少，效果显著。 该论文有图 43 幅，表 15 个，参考文献 61 篇。 关键词关键词冲击危险性；评价方法；发生机理；危险区划分 万方数据 II Abstract Rockburst is the most typical dynamic disaster in many disasters of coal mine. Its essence is the sudden instability and failure of coal rock under the action of high stress. When rockburst occurs, it is usually accompanied by coal rock throw out and violent vibration, which is very easy to cause safety accidents. However, the underground environment is complex and the geological conditions are changeable, which leads to the occurrence of rockburst events with no regularity and strong unpredictability, and the failure s and treatment measures of rockburst events caused by different reasons are quite different. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct in-depth study on the rockburst problem of the coal face underground. For this reason, in view of the difficult problem of the risk assessment of rockburst in the 5301South working face of Jisan coal mine, the paper analyzes the influence rules of various geological and engineering factors on the risk of rockburst by using the s of theoretical analysis, laboratory test and engineering practice, studies the mechanism of rockburst during the mining process, and puts forward the targeted measures of pressure relief and outburst relief. The main achievements are as follows 1 5301South working face is in the “isolated island“ state, and the width of the working face presents a “wide narrow wide“ change, which becomes a difficult problem in the uation and prevention of rockburst. The “isolated island“ state of the working face makes the unsymmetrical overlying rock structure on both sides act on the coal seam. The “equivalent mining depth“ should reflect the real stress state of the coal seam, and the “equivalent mining depth“ of the working face is 986m, which is the real one The inter stress value should be 1.86 times of the vertical stress. 2 According to the actual conditions of the working face 5301South, the comprehensive index is used to analyze the geological factors, mining technical conditions and other factors in the whole range of the working face. The possibility index is used to quantify the nature and internal stress state of the coal and rock mass, and it is concluded that the conditions for the occurrence of rockburst are available in the whole range of the working face. 3 The occurrence mechanism of rockburst and the division of dangerous area are studied. The low roof and high roof of the working face move asynchronously and interact with each other, and the location of rockburst is complex and changeable; 万方数据 III “island“ working face is the “key working face“ of dynamic disaster, which plays a leading role in the movement of key rock strata. When it is pushed to the “square“ and other key positions, the bearing characteristics of the overburden structure changes, resulting in a sharp increase of the working faces rock pressure, which is impact The important opportunity and location of increasing the risk of ground pressure; when the working face is pushed to the vicinity of the fault, the mining stress and structural stress are superposed, and the coal and rock mass enter the state of high stress, which is prone to impact ground pressure events. 4 According to the law of stress distribution, the mining area can be divided into 9 dangerous areas of rock burst, including 4 medium dangerous areas and 5 strong dangerous areas. Combined with the actual conditions of No.5301South working face in Jisan coal mine, through large-diameter borehole pressure relief, roof hydraulic fracturing, floor blasting loosening and bottom breaking, the impact risk area of the working face is greatly reduced, with remarkable effect. There are 43 figures, 15 tables and 61 references in this paper. Keywords impact risk; uation ; occurrence mechanism; risk area division 万方数据 IV 目目 录录 摘要摘要 .................................................................................................. I 目录目录 ............................................................................................... IV 图清单图清单 ......................................................................................... VIII 表清单表清单 ............................................................................................ XI 变量注释表变量注释表 .................................................................................... XII 1 绪论绪论 .............................................................................................. 1 1.1 研究背景及意义 ............................................................................................... 1 1.2 国内外研究现状 ............................................................................................... 1 1.3 主要研究内容 ................................................................................................... 9 1.4 技术路线 ........................................................................................................... 9 2 工程地质概况工程地质概况 ............................................................................... 11 2.1 工作面位置 ..................................................................................................... 11 2.2 煤层及顶底板岩层特征 .................................................................................. 12 2.3 地质构造 ......................................................................................................... 16 2.4 临近工作面冲击地压事件 .............................................................................. 17 2.5 本章小结 ......................................................................................................... 18 3 回采工作面冲击地压评价回采工作面冲击地压评价 ..............................................................19 3.1 冲击地压危险性评价范围 .............................................................................. 19 3.2 “当量”采深理论计算模型 ............................................................................... 19 3.3 冲击地压评价方法 ......................................................................................... 21 3.4 本章小结 ......................................................................................................... 27 4 工作面冲击地压发生机理及危险区划分工作面冲击地压发生机理及危险区划分 .........................................29 4.1 工作面冲击地压发生机理分类 ...................................................................... 29 4.2 冲击应力场机理 ............................................................................................. 30 4.3 关键岩层运动机理 ......................................................................................... 31 4.4 冲击性构造活化机理 ..................................................................................... 34 4.5 其他因素诱发冲击地压机理 .......................................................................... 35 4.6 工作面冲击地压危险区划分 .......................................................................... 38 4.7 本章小结 ......................................................................................................... 43 5 工作面冲击地压防治工作面冲击地压防治.....................................................................45 5.1 大孔径钻孔卸压防冲技术 .............................................................................. 45 万方数据 V 5.2 顶板水力致裂断顶防冲技术 .......................................................................... 46 5.3 断底卸压防冲技术 ......................................................................................... 48 5.4 冲击地压防治效果检验 .................................................................................. 49 6 主要结论主要结论 ......................................................................................57 参考文献参考文献 .........................................................................................59 作者简历作者简历 .........................................................................................63 学位论文原创性声明学位论文原创性声明 ........................................................................64 学位论文数据集学位论文数据集 ...............................................................................65 万方数据 VI Contents Abstract .......................................................................................... II Contents ......................................................................................... VI List of Figures ............................................................................. VIII List of Tables .................................................................................. XI List of Variables ............................................................................. XII 1 Introduction ................................................................................... 1 1.1 Research Background and Significance .............................................................. 1 1.2 Research Status at Home and Abroad .................................................................. 1 1.3 Main Research Contents ..................................................................................... 9 1.4 Technical Routes................................................................................................. 9 2 General Condition of Engineering Geology ..................................... 11 2.1 Position of Working Face .................................................................................. 11 2.2 Characteristics of Coal Seam and Its Roof and Floor......................................... 12 2.3 Geological Structure ......................................................................................... 16 2.4 Rock Burst Event of Adjacent Working Face .................................................... 17 2.5 Chapter Summary ............................................................................................. 18 3 uation of Rockburst in Working Face .......................................19 3.1 Risk Assessment Scope of Rockburst ................................................................ 19 3.2 Theoretical Calculation Model of “Equivalent“ Mining Depth .......................... 19 3.3 uation of Rockburst ...................................................................... 21 3.4 Chapter Summary ............................................................................................. 27 4 Occurrence Mechanism and Dangerous Area Division of Rockburst in Working Face ..................................................................................29 4.1 Classification of Occurrence Mechanism of Rockburst in Working Face ........... 29 4.2 Mechanism of Impact Stress Field .................................................................... 30 4.3 Mechanism of Key Strata Movement ................................................................ 31 4.4 Mechanism of Impact Structural Activation ...................................................... 34 4.5 Mechanism of Rockburst Induced by Other Factors .......................................... 35 4.6 Division of Dangerous Area of Rockburst in Working Face .............................. 38 4.7 Chapter Summary ............................................................................................. 43 5 Prevention and Control of Rockburst in Working Face ....................45 万方数据 VII 5.1 Pressure Relief and Anti Scour Technology of Large Hole Drilling ................... 45 5.2 Technology of Roof Hydraulic Fracture and Roof Erosion Control ................... 46 5.3 Bottom Breaking Pressure Relief and Anti Scour Technology ........................... 48 5.4 Test on the Effect of Rockburst Control ............................................................ 49 6 Main Conclusions ..........................................................................57 References .......................................................................................59 Author’s Resume..............................................................................63 Declaration of Thesis Originality ......................................................64 Thesis Data Collection ......................................................................65 万方数据 VIII 图清单图清单 图序号 图名称 页码 图 1-1 论文研究技术路线 10 Figure1-1 Technical route of thesis research 10 图 2-1 工作面位置关系示意图 11 Figure2-1 Diagram of working face position relationship 11 图 2-2 工作面各段分布示意图 11 Figure2-2 Distribution diagram of each section of working face 11 图 2-3 煤柱分布情况图 12 Figure2-3 Distribution of coal pillars 12 图 2-4