昌恒煤矿F1断层带力学测试与合理煤柱留设数值分析.pdf

分 类 号TD823 密级公开 单位代码10878 学号20143301051 硕 士 学 位 论 文硕 士 学 位 论 文 论文题目论文题目昌恒煤矿昌恒煤矿 F1 断层断层带带力学测试力学测试 与与煤柱合理留设煤柱合理留设数值数值分析分析 学科门类学科门类工学硕士 学科专业学科专业防灾减灾工程与防护工程 研究方向研究方向地下工程 作者姓名作者姓名王 金 金 导师姓名导师姓名杨 本 水 完成时间完成时间2017 年 3 月 万方数据 昌恒煤矿 F1 断层带力学测试与合理煤柱留设数值分析 F1 Fault Zone of Changheng Coal Mine Mechanics Test and Numerical Analysis of Reasonable Setting of Coal Pillar 学科门类学科门类工学硕士 学科专业学科专业防灾减灾工程与防护工程 研究方向研究方向地下工程 作者姓名作者姓名王 金 金 导师姓名导师姓名杨 本 水 完成时间完成时间2017 年 3 月 万方数据 安徽建筑大学 本论文经答辩委员会全体委员审查，确认符合安徽建筑大学硕士学 位论文质量要求。 答辩委员会签名 主席 委员 导师 万方数据 独独 创创 性性 声声 明明 本人声明所呈交的学位论文是本人在导师指导下进行的研究工作及 取得的研究成果。尽我所知，除了文中特别加以标注和致谢的地方外， 论文中不包含其他人已经发表或撰写过的研究成果，也不包含为获得 安徽建筑大学或其他教育机构的学位或证书而使用过的材料。与我一 同工作的同志对本研究所做的任何贡献均已在论文中作了明确的说明并 表示谢意。 学位论文作者签名签字日期年月日 导师签名签字日期年月日 学位论文版权使用授权书学位论文版权使用授权书 本学位论文作者完全了解 安徽建筑大学 有保留、使用学位论文的 规定，即研究生在校攻读学位期间论文工作的知识产权单位属于 安徽 建筑大学 。学校有权保留并向国家有关部门或机构送交论文的复印件和 磁盘，允许论文被查阅和借阅。本人授权安徽建筑大学可以将学 位论文的全部或部分内容编入有关数据库进行检索，可以采用影印、缩 印或扫描等复制手段保存、汇编学位论文。（保密的学位论文在解密后 适用本授权书） 学位论文作者签名签字日期年月日 导师签名签字日期年月日 万方数据 安徽建筑大学硕士学位论文摘要 I 摘要 断层防水煤柱的合理留设关系到矿井安全生产与煤炭资源的采出率， 若留设的断 层防水煤柱既能保证矿井的安全生产又能最大限度的开采煤炭资源，正是秉承了“以 人为本、科技兴矿，安全高效和减少资源损失、走可持续发展”社会宗旨和理念。至 今留设断层防水煤柱的方法也是层不穷出，但因断层的赋存条件千差万别，所以针对 不同的工程背景要根据其具体的赋存条件选用多种方法进行研究。 论文以昌恒煤矿的 9102 工作面外侧 F1 断层为研究对象，首先，为明确 F1 断层 带的力学及水理性质，在 9102 工作面风巷靠近断层处施工顶 1、顶 2、底 1、底 2 四 个钻孔并取岩样，对岩样做岩石力学与水理性质测试，水理性质测试包括含水率、吸 水率、渗透性、膨胀性与耐崩解性，结果表明F1 断层的岩样构成复杂，是断层角 砾岩、断层泥、糜棱状岩石的混杂堆积，并具有“松、散、软、弱”的特点；平均含 水率 2.53；平均渗透系数为 0.35cm/s，属于“强透水性”类型岩土；平均膨胀率为 0.656；软岩中多半样品十分破碎，遇水即崩解，而且速度较快；大部分岩石稳定性 不好，浸水泥化程度较高，属于不稳定、极不稳定岩石。其次，采用 FLAC3D软件模 拟的方法模拟研究不同工作面推进距离时采空区围岩与断层的采动应力变化、 位移变 化及塑性区的变化，结果表明采空区围岩与断层的采动压力、位移量、塑性区范围 均随采空区范围的增大而增大，另工作面中部剖切面上的采动矿压、位移量、塑性区 范围均比工作面端部的值要大， 即留设断层防水煤柱时应根据工作面中部剖切面上的 破坏范围留设。采动工作面推进 140m 时，工作面底板破坏深度为 19m，断层带内出 现小区域的塑性破坏区，底板的塑性破坏区没有波及至断层带，断层上下盘的界面位 移差为 0.005dm，断层没有发生活化，预留设 45m 的断层防水煤柱。再次，采用煤柱 弹塑性分区法计算留设的断层防水煤柱的宽度， 煤柱弹塑性分区法运用弹塑性极限平 衡理论、材料力学理论及断层两盘的岩性分别计算煤柱极限平衡区、弹性区与断层影 响带的宽度，计算得煤柱极限平衡区宽度为 14.27m，弹性区宽度为 28.23m，断层影 响带宽度为 6.88m，三者之和为 49.38m。为保证工作面的安全开采，F1 断层防水煤 柱的合理宽度取 50m。 图 [33]表 [17]参 [53] 关键词关键词断层防水煤柱；力学测试；FLAC3D数值模拟；煤柱弹塑性分区法 分类号分类号TD823 万方数据 安徽建筑大学硕士学位论文Abstract II Abstract The reasonable setting of waterproof coal pillar near fault is related to the extraction rate of coal resources. If set waterproof coal pillars near fault can ensure safety production of the mine and the maximum exploitation of coal resources, it is adhering to social purposes and philosophy of the “people-oriented, science and technology mining, safe and efficient and reduce the loss of resources, take sustainable development“. The setting of waterproof coal pillars near fault is more and more. Due to occurrence condition of fault differs from one another, choose a variety of s to study according to different working conditions and their specific occurrence conditions. As F1 fault near 9102 working face in Changheng coal mine as the research object. Firstly, in order to clear mechanical and hydraulic properties of F1 fault zone, construct four borehole at wind lane near F1 fault in 9102 working face such as top 1, top 2, bottom 1, bottom 2 and get rock samples. Rock samples need done rock mechanics and water property test, and water property includes moisture content, water absorption, permeability, expansion and disintegration of resistance. Results show that the F1 fault zone is mixed accumulation of fault breccia, fault gouge and mylonitic rocks, and it has the characteristics of “loose, scattered, soft and weak“.The average moisture content is 2.53. The average permeability coefficient is 0.35cm/s. It belongs to the “strong water permeability“ type of rock. The average inflation rate is 0.656. Most of the soft rock sample is broken, and they would disintegrate under water and faster.The stability of most rocks is bad, as their argillization degree is higher under water, they belong to unstable rock. Secondly, the change of mining pressure, displacement and plastic zone of the surrounding rock and the fault with different face advance distance is studied by FLAC3D software simulation . Results showed that mining pressure, displacement and plastic zone of the surrounding rock and the fault increased with the increase of the goaf area. Because the mining pressure, displacement and plastic zone in the middle of the working face are larger than in the end of the working face, the reasonable setting of waterproof coal pillars near fault should draw on the range of destruction in the middle of the working face.The depth of the damage bottom is 19m and the plastic destruction area is small in the fault zone, when the mining face is advanced by 140m, this time the plastic destruction zone of the bottom does not reach the fault zone. the interface displacement between the upper and lower of the fault is 0.005dm, so the fault is not activated, and the 万方数据 安徽建筑大学硕士学位论文Abstract III waterproof coal pillar near fault is set to 45m. Again, the width of the waterproof coal pillar near fault is designed by the coal pillar elastic-plastic partition with the elastic-plastic limit equilibrium theory, the material mechanics theory and the lithology of the fault zone. In this way, the width of the limit equilibrium zone of the coal pillar is 14.27m,andthewidthofitselasticzoneis28.23m,andthewidthofthe influence zone of fault is 6.88m, and the sum of the three is 49.38m.To ensure the safe mining of the working face, the reasonable width of F1 fault waterproof coal pillar is set to 50m. Figure [33]table [17]reference [53] KeyWords waterproof coal pillars near fault ， mechanics test ， FLAC3Dnumerical simulation，coal pillar elastic-plastic partition Chinese books catalog TD823 万方数据 安徽建筑大学硕士学位论文目录 IV 目录 摘要........................................................................................................................................................... I Abstract.........................................................................................................................................................II 目录.........................................................................................................................................................IV 插图清单.....................................................................................................................................................VI 附表清单....................................................................................................................................................VII 第一章 绪论............................................................................................................................................- 1 - 1.1 研究目的及意义.......................................................................................................................- 1 - 1.2 国内外研究现状.......................................................................................................................- 2 - 1.2.1 覆岩破坏........................................................................................................................- 2 - 1.2.2 断层突水机理................................................................................................................- 3 - 1.2.3 断层防水煤柱................................................................................................................- 5 - 1.3 研究内容...................................................................................................................................- 6 - 1.4 研究方法及思路.......................................................................................................................- 7 - 第二章 研究区的地质与水文地质背景................................................................................................- 9 - 2.1 研究区概况...............................................................................................................................- 9 - 2.1.1 地理位置与交通............................................................................................................- 9 - 2.1.2 地形地貌与水文气象..................................................................................................- 10 - 2.1.3 周边矿井分布情况......................................................................................................- 10 - 2.2 区域地质.................................................................................................................................- 10 - 2.2.1 区域地层......................................................................................................................- 10 - 2.2.2 区域含煤特征..............................................................................................................- 12 - 2.2.3 区域构造......................................................................................................................- 12 - 2.3 矿井地质.................................................................................................................................- 13 - 2.3.1 矿井地层......................................................................................................................- 13 - 2.3.2 井田构造......................................................................................................................- 16 - 2.4 区域水文地质.........................................................................................................................- 19 - 2.5 矿井水文地质.........................................................................................................................- 20 - 2.5.1 地表水..........................................................................................................................- 20 - 2.5.2 地下水含、隔水层......................................................................................................- 20 - 2.5.3 井田内主要隔水层......................................................................................................- 22 - 2.5.4 断层的富、导水性......................................................................................................- 22 - 2.6 含水层补给、迳流及排泄条件............................................................................................ - 23 - 2.6.1 奥陶系灰岩岩溶水......................................................................................................- 23 - 2.6.2 灰岩岩溶裂隙水、砂岩裂隙水................................................................................. - 23 - 2.6.3 新生界松散层含水层（组）..................................................................................... - 23 - 第三章 F1 断层物理力学试验............................................................................................................ - 24 - 3.1 F1 断层的岩石力学性质........................................................................................................ - 24 - 3.2 断层带软岩的物理特性.........................................................................................................- 28 - 3.3 断层软岩的水理特性.............................................................................................................- 29 - 万方数据 安徽建筑大学硕士学位论文目录 V 3.3.1 断层软岩水理性质简介............................................................................................. - 29 - 3.3.2 含水率测试步骤与结果............................................................................................. - 30 - 3.3.3 吸水性测试步骤与结果............................................................................................. - 32 - 3.3.4 渗透性测试步骤与结果............................................................................................. - 33 - 3.3.5 膨胀性测试步骤与结果............................................................................................. - 36 - 3.3.6 耐崩解性测试步骤与结果......................................................................................... - 37 - 第四章 采动覆岩破坏的 FLAC3D数值模拟...................................................................................... - 40 - 4.1 概述.........................................................................................................................................- 40 - 4.2 模拟软件简介.........................................................................................................................- 40 - 4.3 模型的建立.............................................................................................................................- 41 - 4.3.1 模型范围的确定..........................................................................................................- 41 - 4.3.2 模型材料参数的确定..................................................................................................- 42 - 4.3.3 模型边界条件及初始应力的确定............................................................................. - 44 - 4.3.4 模型的开挖及破坏准则............................................................................................. - 44 - 4.4 数值模拟结果分析.................................................................................................................- 45 - 第五章 断层防水煤柱的合理留设......................................................................................................- 56 - 5.1 概述.........................................................................................................................................- 56 - 5.2 断层突水.................................................................................................................................- 56 - 5.2.1 断层突水的机理..........................................................................................................- 56 - 5.2.2 断层突水与防水煤柱留设的关系............................................................................. - 56 - 5.3 煤柱弹塑性分区法.................................................................................................................- 58 - 5.3.1 矿压对煤柱的作用......................................................................................................- 58 - 5.3.2 构造应力对煤柱的作用............................................................................................. - 59 - 5.3.3 防水煤柱的计算公式..................................................................................................- 60 - 5.4 数值模拟计算法.....................................................................................................................- 62 - 第六章 结论与展望..............................................................................................................................- 67 - 6.1 结论.........................................................................................................................................- 67 - 6.2 展望.........................................................................................................................................- 68 - 参考文献................................................................................................................................................- 69 - 致谢....................................................................................................................................................- 72 - 作者简介.................................................................................................................................