Barapukuria煤矿厚硬顶板下孤岛煤柱安全回采防冲实践.pdf

国家自然科学基金（51874292） 工程硕士专业学位论文 Barapukuria 煤矿厚硬顶板下孤岛煤柱 安全回采防冲实践 Practice of scour prevention in safe mining of isolated pillar under thick and hard roof in Barapukuria coal mine 作 者李光勇 导 师巩思园 副研究员 中国矿业大学 二〇一九年十二月 学位论文使用授权声明学位论文使用授权声明 本人完全了解中国矿业大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，同意本人所撰写的学 位论文的使用授权按照学校的管理规定处理 作为申请学位的条件之一，学位论文著作权拥有者须授权所在学校拥有学位论文的 部分使用权，即①学校档案馆和图书馆有权保留学位论文的纸质版和电子版，可以使 用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编学位论文；②为教学和科研目的，学校档案 馆和图书馆可以将公开的学位论文作为资料在档案馆、图书馆等场所或在校园网上供校 内师生阅读、浏览。另外，根据有关法规，同意中国国家图书馆保存研究生学位论文。 （保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权书） 。 作者签名 导师签名 年 月 日 年 月 日 中图分类号 TD324 学校代码 10290 UDC 622 密 级 公开 中国矿业大学 工程硕士专业学位论文 Barapukuria 煤矿厚硬顶板下孤岛煤柱 安全回采防冲实践 Practice of scour prevention in safe mining of isolated pillar under thick and hard roof in Barapukuria coal mine 作 者 李光勇 导 师 巩思园 申请学位 工程硕士学位 培养单位 矿业工程学院 学科专业 矿业工程 研究方向 灾害防控 答辩委员会主席 姚强岭 评 阅 人 盲审 二〇一九年十二月 致致 谢谢 研究生生活转眼就要接近尾声了，回首这四年的时光，我不仅学会了很多知识，还 开拓了视野。我感谢这四年来老师们对我知识的传授、同学们对我友爱的表达，我感谢 这段时间所有的经历对我的磨练，使我能自信而坚强地面对以后的工作和生活。 首先，在这里，我必须要感谢我的导师巩思园老师，感谢他在学习及生活中给与我 的指引与帮助。巩老师学识渊博，在学术上有很大成就，对我的论文要求也很严格，从 开题、初稿形成到一遍一遍的修改与完善，巩老师都给与了非常认真与细心的指导，我 非常敬佩巩老师严谨务实的研究精神与诲人不倦的优良美德;在生活学习中难免有困惑 的时候，听巩老师讲话真的会有茅塞顿开，听君一席话，胜读十年书的感慨，这就是智 者向我传授的人生哲学，值得我细细体会。 其次，我要感谢矿业学院的其他导师以及同学们。谢谢老师们不遗余力地给与我知 识，以身作则地告诫我人生要奋斗、要努力，我永远都不会忘记各位老师的良苦用心， 不会辜负老师们的谆谆教诲。感谢同学们的真诚付出，使我在学业上更加顺利，生活中 总能感受到温暖。特别要谢谢我的同学们，感谢你们的包容和关爱，你们是我一生的财 富。 最后， 我还要向在百忙之中评阅论文和参加答辩的各位专家、 教授致以真诚的谢意 李光勇 2019 年 11 月 9 日 I 摘摘 要要 受地质条件或开采技术影响，煤矿开采开采过程中经常形成孤岛煤柱，由于煤柱周 围采空，受临空侧覆岩作用，工作面应力集中，加之坚硬顶板、断层等地质构造影响， 在回采过程中常常面临冲击矿压威胁。本论文以孟加拉国 Barapukuria 煤矿厚硬顶板下 1210D 工作面孤岛煤柱为研究对象，通过理论分析和现场试验，提出了孤岛煤柱安全回 采防治方案并进行了现场实践。 基于动静载叠加原理， 结合孤岛煤柱顶板覆岩结构演化分析了煤柱的静载应力特征， 得出厚硬顶板覆岩易形成“T”型结构， 导致孤岛工作面应力集中程度高； 同时， 建立了悬 臂梁模型，计算了煤柱回采过程中，厚硬顶板破断形成的动载大小及其对煤柱的影响， 得出厚硬顶板悬顶长度大，积蓄的弹性能较多，破断时释放动载更强。 对 1210D 工作面进行了采前冲击危险评价，分析了开采深度、煤岩冲击倾向性、顶 板岩层结构特征和顶板覆岩活动对孤岛煤柱回采的影响， 利用综合指数法评价了工作面 冲击危险状态， 并用多因素耦合法划分了危险区域。 根据 1210D 工作面孤岛煤柱冲击危 险评价结果，对孤岛煤柱区设计施工了预卸压措施。 利用弹性波 CT 探测技术对施工过预卸压措施后的孤岛煤柱进行了应力探测试验， 进一步掌握了孤岛煤柱内的应力分布规律以及预卸压效果。分析了两次 CT 探测结果以 及前期出现动力显现的高应力区位置，证明了弹性波 CT 探测技术可以有效评价 1210D 工作面孤岛煤柱区的冲击矿压危险，并且得出煤柱区并非整体处于高应力、强冲击危险 状态。 对比两次探测结果可知， 顶板深孔爆破卸压可以降低高应力区域的冲击危险程度， 使得高应力区进一步转移而非消失。 根据 1210D 工作面孤岛煤柱区弹性波 CT 探测结果，结合微震监测系统，提出了孤 岛回采过程中冲击矿压的防治方案，现场实践效果较好，确保了安全回采。 该论文有图 100 幅，表 27 个，参考文献 93 篇。 关键词关键词冲击矿压；厚硬顶板；孤岛煤柱；防冲实践 II Abstract Affected by geological conditions or mining technology, island coal pillars are often ed during coal mining and mining. Due to the mining around the coal pillars, the stress on the working face is concentrated by the overlying strata, and the geological structures such as hard roof and faults are affected. The mining pressure is often threatened by the mining pressure. This paper takes the island coal pillar of 1210D working face under the thick hard roof of Barapukuria coal mine in Bangladesh as the research object. Through theoretical analysis and field test, the safe mining control scheme of island coal pillar is put forward and practiced on site. Based on the principle of dynamic and static loading superposition, combined with the evolution of overlying strata structure of the island coal pillar, the static load stress characteristics of the coal pillar are analyzed, and it is concluded that the thick hard roof overburden is easy to a “T” structure, resulting in high stress concentration on the island working face; The cantilever beam model is established, and the dynamic load ed by the breaking of the thick and hard roof during the coal pillar mining process and its influence on the coal pillar are calculated. It is concluded that the thick hard roof has a large suspension top length, and the accumulated elastic energy is more and more broken. When released, the dynamic load is stronger. The pre-seismic impact risk assessment of the 1210D working face was carried out. The influence of mining depth, coal rock impact tendency, roof rock stratum structure characteristics and roof overburden activity on the recovery of the island coal pillar was analyzed. The comprehensive index was used to uate the impact risk of the working face. State and divide the hazardous area by multi-factor coupling. According to the uation results of the impact risk of the island coal pillar in the 1210D working face, the pre-pressure relief measures were designed and constructed for the island coal pillar area. The elastic wave CT detection technology was used to test the stress of the island coal pillar after pre-pressure relief measures, and the stress distribution law and pre-pressure relief effect in the island coal pillar were further grasped. The results of two CT detections and the location of the high stress region in the early stage of dynamic display are analyzed. It is proved that the elastic wave CT detection technology can effectively uate the risk of impact ore pressure in the island coal pillar area of the 1210D working face, and it is concluded that the coal pillar area is not in the overall High stress, strong impact and dangerous state. Comparing the two detection results, it can be seen that the deep hole blasting pressure relief of the roof III can reduce the impact risk of the high stress area, so that the high stress area is further transferred rather than disappeared. According to the results of elastic wave CT detection in the island coal pillar area of 1210D working face, combined with the microseismic monitoring system, the prevention and control scheme of impact rock pressure in the island mining process is proposed. The field practice effect is good, ensuring safe recovery. This thesis has 100 figures, 27 tables and 93 references. Keywords rock burst； thick and hard roof ; isolated coal pillar； practice of rockburst prevention IV 目目 录录 摘摘 要要 ......................................................................................................................................... I 目目 录录 ...................................................................................................................................... IV 图清单图清单 ................................................................................................................................... VIII 表清单表清单 ................................................................................................................................... XIV 变量注释表变量注释表 ........................................................................................................................... XVI 1 绪论绪论 ......................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 背景及意义 .......................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 研究现状 .............................................................................................................................. 2 1.3 研究内容及方法 .................................................................................................................. 5 1.4 技术路线 .............................................................................................................................. 7 2 厚硬顶板下孤岛煤柱动静载诱冲机理厚硬顶板下孤岛煤柱动静载诱冲机理 ................................................................................. 8 2.1 1210D 工作面孤岛煤柱概况 .............................................................................................. 8 2.2 孤岛煤柱冲击矿压影响因素分析 .................................................................................... 12 2.3 孤岛煤柱动静载诱冲机理分析 ........................................................................................ 17 2.4 小结 .................................................................................................................................... 22 3 孤岛煤柱静载荷理论分析及应力探测孤岛煤柱静载荷理论分析及应力探测 ............................................................................... 23 3.1 1210D 工作面采前冲击危险评价 .................................................................................... 23 3.2 煤柱区静载应力第一次探测 ............................................................................................ 31 3.3 煤柱区静载应力第二次探测 ............................................................................................ 40 3. 4 小结 ................................................................................................................................... 45 4 孤岛煤柱回采动载监测孤岛煤柱回采动载监测 ....................................................................................................... 46 4.1 SOS 微震监测.................................................................................................................... 46 4.2 矿压监测 ............................................................................................................................ 48 4.3 孤岛煤柱回采动载影响分析 ............................................................................................ 49 4.4 小结 .................................................................................................................................... 53 5 孤岛煤柱防冲工程实践孤岛煤柱防冲工程实践 ....................................................................................................... 54 V 5.1 孤岛煤柱冲击危险区预卸压方案 .................................................................................... 54 5.2 煤柱区静载应力探测效果验证方案 ................................................................................ 60 5.3 孤岛煤柱回采面内爆破方案 ............................................................................................ 65 5.4 孤岛煤柱回采期间常规解危措施 .................................................................................... 74 5.5 孤岛工作面冲击矿压防治体系 ........................................................................................ 75 5.6 小结 .................................................................................................................................... 76 6 主要结论主要结论 ............................................................................................................................... 77 参考文献参考文献 .................................................................................................................................. 79 作者简历作者简历 .................................................................................................................................. 85 学位论文原创性声明学位论文原创性声明 .............................................................................................................. 86 学位论文数据集学位论文数据集 ...................................................................................................................... 87 VI Contents Abstract .................................................................................................................................... II Contents ................................................................................................................................... VI List of Figures ...................................................................................................................... VIII List of Tables ........................................................................................................................ XIV List of Variables ................................................................................................................... XVI 1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background and significance ............................................................................................... 1 1.2 Research status ..................................................................................................................... 2 1.3 Research Contents and s .......................................................................................... 5 1.4 Technical Route .................................................................................................................... 7 2 Dynamic and Static Load Inducement Mechanism of Isolated Coal Pillar under Thick and Hard Roof .......................................................................................................................... 8 2.1 1210D Overview of Isolated Coal Pillar in Working Face................................................... 8 2.2 Analysis of the Influencing Factors of Rock Burst of Gudao Coal Pillar .......................... 12 2.3 Isolated Coal Pillar Dynamic and Static Load Incentive Mechanism Analysis ................. 17 2.4 Summary ............................................................................................................................ 22 3 Theoretical analysis of static load of isolated island coal pillar and stress detection .... 23 3.1 Pre-mining Impact Risk Assessment of 1210D Face ......................................................... 23 3.2 First Detection of Static Load Stress in Coal Pillar Area ................................................... 31 3.3 Second Detection of Static Load Stress in Coal Pillar Area .............................................. 40 3. 4 Summary ........................................................................................................................... 45 4 Dynamic monitoring of isolated coal pillar mining .......................................................... 46 4.1 SOS Microseismic monitoring ........................................................................................... 46 4.2 Mine pressure monitoring .................................................................................................. 48 4.3 Analysis of dynamic load impact of island coal pillar mining ........................................... 49 4.4 Summary ............................................................................................................................ 53 5 Practice of scour prevention engineering of isolated island coal pillar .......................... 54 5.1 Pre-pressure relief scheme for island coal pillar impact danger zone ................................ 54 5.2 Verification scheme for static load stress detection in coal pillar area ............................... 60 5.3 Island coal pillar mining face blasting scheme .................................................................. 65 5.4 Conventional solution to dangerous measures during mining of island coal pillars .......... 74 5.5 Island working face impact mine pressure prevention and control system ........................ 75 5.6 Summary ............................................................................................................................ 76 6 Main conclusions ................................................................................................................. 77 References ............................................