扎哈淖尔露天煤矿采排空间边坡稳定性及陡帮开采方案研究(1).pdf

矿业工程硕士专业学位论文 扎哈淖尔露天煤矿采排空间边坡稳定性及 陡帮开采方案研究 Study on the Slope Stability of Mining and Dump Space and the Scheme for Steep Slope Mining of Open-pit Coal Mine Zahanaoer 作 者曹君第 导 师李克民教授 中国矿业大学 二○二○年六月 万方数据 学位论文使用授权声明 学位论文使用授权声明 本人完全了解中国矿业大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，同意本人所撰 写的学位论文的使用授权按照学校的管理规定处理 作为申请学位的条件之一， 学位论文著作权拥有者须授权所在学校拥有学位 论文的部分使用权，即①学校档案馆和图书馆有权保留学位论文的纸质版和电 子版，可以使用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编学位论文；②为教学和 科研目的，学校档案馆和图书馆可以将公开的学位论文作为资料在档案馆、图书 馆等场所或在校园网上供校内师生阅读、浏览。另外，根据有关法规，同意中国 国家图书馆保存研究生学位论文。 （保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权书） 。 作者签名 导师签名 年 月 日 年 月 日 万方数据 中图分类号 TD824 学校代码 10290 UDC 624.1 密 级 公开 中国矿业大学 工程硕士专业学位论文 扎哈淖尔露天煤矿采排空间边坡稳定性及陡帮开 采方案研究 Study on the Slope Stability of Mining and Dump Space and the Scheme for Steep Slope Mining of Open-pit Coal Mine Zahanaoer 作 者 曹君第 导 师 李克民 申请学位 工程硕士专业学位 培养单位 矿业工程学院 学科专业 采矿工程 研究方向 矿业工程 答辩委员会主席 舒继森 评 阅 人 二○二○年四月 万方数据 致谢致谢 时光荏苒， 白驹过隙。 六月的毕业季悄然而至， 研究生活即将迎来一个结束。 在这离别之际，我内心充满了不舍。在中国矿业大学生活和学习的这些年，有许 许多多值得我回忆和感谢的人和事。 首先， 我需要感谢的是我的导师李克民老师。 在我的研究生生活里， 李老师给予了生活上无微不至的关怀和的学习上的谆谆教 诲。本次论文从选题，到撰写，到成稿，再到修改，无不倾注了李老师大量的心 血。除此以外，李老师，在生活态度、为人品质方面，更是深深地感染着我。在 此，向李老师表示深深地感谢。 研究生生活期间，受到了露天开采专业众多老师的帮助。在此，特别感谢才 庆祥教授、尚涛教授、舒继森教授、周伟教授、彭洪阁副教授、韩流副教授、陈 树召老师和丁小华老师。老师们的关心和指导对我的生活和学业有极大的帮助 在我硕士学习和论文完成期间， 与露天采矿专业的同学们度过了美好的时光。 在此， 一并感谢你们。 也衷心祝愿露天采矿专业的同学们， 学有所成， 大展宏图。 最后衷心感谢各位专家和学者在百忙之中评阅论文 曹君第 2020.03 万方数据 I 摘摘 要要 通过研究采排空间边坡稳定性以采用陡帮开采是当前露天矿山解决边坡滑 坡潜在风险的重要技术之一。这种技术手段，可以优化排土空间、减少外排土场 征地、缩短运距，充分回收煤炭资源，提高资源回采率，有效降低生产成本。 扎哈淖尔露天煤矿经过多年的发展，目前面临边坡高度大，外排土场临近采 场影响边帮稳定性的问题。 随着开采水平的不断延深， 边坡失稳问题会日益突出， 导致露天矿生产条件和经济效益日益恶化。本文基于此，研究拟采用陡帮开采的 技术手段，解决边坡失稳风险，提高矿山效益的可行性。 本文首先调查大量扎哈淖尔矿关于边坡方面的资料，包括岩石工程、水文地 质、当前边坡治理手段等资料。基于以上资料，定性分析了北帮边坡的稳定性， 进一步确定了该矿的边坡存在能够影响矿山效益的失稳风险的问题。 通过运用数 值模拟软件 SLOPE/W，选用个典型分析方法等对北帮边坡典型剖面进行稳定性分 析，获得北帮边坡危险滑面及相应分析结果，并确定了北帮边坡的最危险滑面出 现在上部几个台阶。 基于边坡失稳位置结论，规划陡帮开采技术方案通过调整北帮上部台阶参 数，对上部边坡的角度适度减缓，而北帮下部边坡的岩石力学性质较好，适当加 陡下部边坡角度。通过逐步调整北帮上部边坡角度，确定出推荐的陡帮边坡角度 为 32并推荐北帮的陡帮开采方法为下部边坡外扩陡帮法。 最后本文基于北帮上部台阶布置的不同， 给出了北帮陡帮开采的两个具体方 案，在采用了经济效益分析后，确定了更优方案，同时计算得出陡帮开采给扎哈 淖尔矿的巨大经济效益。 该论文有图 23 幅，表 12 个，参考文献 67 篇。 关键词关键词扎哈淖尔露天矿；边坡稳定；陡帮开采 万方数据 II Abstract It is one important technology to solve the potential risk of slope landslide by studying the slope stability of mining and drainage space. This technology can optimize the waste space, reduce the land acquisition of the waste dump, shorten the transportation distance, fully recover the coal resources, improve the recovery rate of resources, and effectively reduce the production cost. After years of development, Zahanaoer open pit coal mine faces the problems of high slope height and the side slope stability influenced by the adjacent stope of the waste dump. With the continuous deepening of mining level, the problem of slope instability will become increasingly prominent, leading to the deterioration of production conditions and economic benefits of open-pit mines. Based on this, this paper studies the feasibility of using steep slope mining technology to solve the risk of slope instability and improve mine efficiency. The current landslide mode of the mine is determined, the stability of the north slope is qualitatively analyzed, and the instability risk that can affect the mine benefit is further determined. By using the numerical simulation, using slope / W software and the two-dimensional stability analysis based on the principle of limit equilibrium, and using the Swedish slice , Bishop , Janbu and Morgenstern to analyze the stability of the typical section. Then it comes to a conclusion that the north slope is the the most dangerous slip which locate on the upper steps. Based on the conclusion of the unstable position of the slope, the technical scheme of steep slope mining is planned by adjusting the upper bench parameters of the north slope, the angle of the upper slope is moderately slowed down, while the rock mechanical properties of the lower slope of the north slope are better, and the angle of the lower slope is properly increased. By gradually adjusting the angle of the upper slope of the north slope, the recommended angle of the steep slope is determined to be 32 and the recommended mining of the steep slope of the north slope is the of expanding the steep slope of the lower slope. Finally, based on the different arrangement of steps in the upper part of the north side, this paper gives two specific plans for the steep side mining in the north side. After the economic benefit analysis, the better plan is determined, and the huge economic benefit of steep side mining to Zahanaoer mine is calculated. Keywords open-pit coal mine Zahanaoer; slope stability; steep slope mining 万方数据 I 目目 录录 摘摘 要要............................................................................................................................ I Abstract ........................................................................................................................ II 目目 录录............................................................................................................................ I 图清单图清单............................................................................................................................ I 表清单表清单......................................................................................................................... III 变量注释表变量注释表 ................................................................................................................ IV 1 绪论绪论............................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 研究背景、目的及意义 ................................................................................. 1 1.2 研究现状 ......................................................................................................... 2 1.3 研究内容 ......................................................................................................... 4 1.4 研究方法和技术路线 ..................................................................................... 5 1.5 本章小结 ......................................................................................................... 6 2 边坡稳定性研究与分析方法边坡稳定性研究与分析方法 ................................................................................... 7 2.1 边坡稳定性影响因素分析 ............................................................................. 7 2.2 边坡变形破坏的岩石力学性质 ..................................................................... 8 2.3 边坡形变失稳类型分析 ................................................................................. 8 2.4 边坡稳定性分析方法和分析软件 ................................................................. 8 2.5 时效边坡下的陡帮开采 ............................................................................... 10 2.6 本章小结 ....................................................................................................... 10 3 扎哈淖尔露天矿概况及采排空间边坡稳定性分析扎哈淖尔露天矿概况及采排空间边坡稳定性分析 ............................................. 11 3.1 矿山概况 ....................................................................................................... 11 3.2 开采现状 ....................................................................................................... 13 3.3 北排土场边坡稳定性分析 ........................................................................... 17 3.4 北帮边坡稳定性分析 ................................................................................... 21 3.5 北帮最终边坡稳定性评价 ........................................................................... 22 3.6 本章小结 ....................................................................................................... 28 4 北帮陡帮开采方案研究北帮陡帮开采方案研究 ......................................................................................... 29 4.1 北帮陡帮开采可行性分析 ........................................................................... 29 4.2 北帮陡帮开采方案 ....................................................................................... 32 4.3 本章小结 ....................................................................................................... 37 万方数据 II 5 结论结论.......................................................................................................................... 38 参考文献参考文献 ..................................................................................................................... 44 作者简历作者简历 ..................................................................................................................... 49 万方数据 III Contents Abstract ......................................................................................................................... I Abstract ........................................................................................................................ II Contents ........................................................................................................................ I Contents ..................................................................................................................... III List of Figures ............................................................................................................... I List of Tables .............................................................................................................. III List of Variables ......................................................................................................... IV 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 1 1.1 The Background, Purpose and Significance of Research ................................ 1 1.2 Research Status ................................................................................................ 2 1.3 Research Content ............................................................................................. 4 1.4 Research s and Technical Routes ......................................................... 5 1.5 Summary of this Chapter ................................................................................. 6 2 Research and Analysis of Slope Stability .................................................. 7 2.1 Analysis of Factors Affecting Slope Stability .................................................. 7 2.2 Rock Mechanical Properties of Slope Deation and Failure ..................... 8 2.3 Analysis of Slope deation and instability ................................................. 8 2.4 Slope Stability Analysis and Analysis Software ................................. 8 2.5 Steep Slope Mining under Theory of Time-Effective-Slope ......................... 10 2.6 Summary of this Chapter ............................................................................... 10 3 Stability Analysis of North Slope of Zahanaoer Open Pit Mine ......................... 11 3.1 Overview of the Mine .................................................................................... 11 3.2Mine Status ..................................................................................................... 13 3.3 Analysis of The Stability of North Dump Slope ............................................ 17 3.4 Analysis of The Stability of North Slope ....................................................... 21 3.5 Final Slope Stability uation of North Side .............................................. 22 3.6 Summary of this Chapter ............................................................................... 28 4 Study on the Mining Scheme of North Side Steep Slope ..................................... 29 4.1 Feasibility Analysis of North Side Steep Slope Mining ................................ 32 4.2 North Side Steep Slope Mining Plan ............................................................. 32 万方数据 IV 4.3 Summary of This Chapter .............................................................................. 37 5 Conclusions .............................................................................................................. 38 References ................................................................................................................... 39 Author’s Resume ........................................................................................................ 44 万方数据 I 图清单图清单 图序号 图名称 页码 图 1-1 本文技术路线 6 Figure 1-1 Influence of pH for chalcopyrite float ratio 6 图 3-1 扎哈淖尔露天煤矿境界 12 Figure3-1 Boundary map of open pit coal mine 12 图 3-2 断层特征 13 Figure3-2 Main fault characteristics 13 图 3-3 扎哈淖尔露天煤矿生产现状 16 Figure3-3 The current situation of production of open pit coal mine 16 图 3-4 扎哈淖尔露天煤矿边坡监测点布置 18 Figure3-4 Layout of slope monitoring points in open pit coal mine 18 图 3-5 北排土场剖面位置示意图 19 Figure3-5 Location of north dump slope stability analysis section 19 图 3-6 裂隙区域排土场边坡稳定性计算结果 20 Figure3-6 Stability analysis results of north dump slope stability calculation 20 图 3-7 北排土场典型边坡稳定性计算结果 21 Figure3-7 Stability analysis results of north dump typical slope stability calculation 21 图 3-8 北帮稳定性分析剖面位置示意 23 Figure3-8 Location of north slope stability analysis section 23 图 3-9 北帮剖面示意 24 Figure3-9 North side section 24 图 3-10 北帮 A4 剖面南区采掘场到界 27边坡 25 Figure3-10 27 slope from the excavation site to the boundary of section A4 in the North 25 图 3-11 北帮复合边坡整体稳定性分析结果 25 Figure3-11 Analysis results of overall stability of North composite slope 25 图 3-12 北端帮边坡 A4 剖面稳定性分析结果 26 Figure3-12 Stability analysis results of section A4 of north end slope 26 图 3-13 水影响下北帮复合边坡 A4 剖面整体稳定性分析结果 26 Figure3-13 Analysis results of overall stability of section A4 of North composite slope under the influence of water 26 图 3-14 水影响下北帮边坡 A4 剖面稳定性分析结果 27 Figure3-14 Stability analysis results of A4 section of North Slope under the influence of water 27 图 3-15 上部台阶边坡减缓后北帮稳定性分析结果 29 Figure3-15 Stability analysis results of the north side of the upper bench slope after slowing down 29 图 4-1 北帮边坡不同最终角度下的稳定性分析结果 32 万方数据 II Figure4-1 Stability analysis results of North Slope at different final angles 32 图 4-2 Bishop 法计算稳定性系数趋势图 33 Figure4-2 Trend chart of stability coefficient calculated by Bishop 33 图 4-3 下部边坡外扩陡帮开采方法图 33 Figure4-3 Drawing of mining for outer expanding steep slope of lower slope 33 图 4-4 边坡内缩陡帮开采方法 34 Figure4-4 Mining of slope inner shrinkage and steep slope 34 图 4-5 上部境界不动外扩陡帮示意图 34 Figure4-5 Schematic diagram of the top boundary fixed external expansion steep side 34 图 4-6 陡帮开采两种方案开采示意图 35 Figure4-6 Schematic diagram of two schemes of steep slope mining 35 图 4-7 陡帮开采两种方案稳定性分析结果 36 Figure4-7 Stability analysis results of two schemes for steep slope mining 36 万方数据 III 表清单表清单 表序号 表名称 页码 表 3-1 2016 年底扎哈