卧龙湖煤矿108工作面两带高度实测与分析.pdf

卧龙湖煤矿卧龙湖煤矿 108 工作面两带高度实测与工作面两带高度实测与分析分析 The practical observation and analysis for height of two-zone in 108 working face of Wo Longhu coal mine 作作 者者 姓姓 名名 聂 建 伟 学学 位位 类类 型型 工 程 硕 士 学科、专学科、专业业 地 质 工 程 研研 究究 方方 向向 矿井水文地质 导师及职导师及职称称 葛晓光 教授 2013 年 5 月 合 肥 工 业 大 学 卧龙湖煤矿卧龙湖煤矿 108 工作面工作面两带高度实测与两带高度实测与分析分析 摘摘 要要 针对提高回采上限工作面回采过程中覆岩“两带”高度发育特征问题，采 用钻孔循环水漏失量观测和钻孔声速测井法，对工作面采后煤层覆岩破坏进行 了实际观测与研究分析。主要内容有 （1）通过分析测试采区松散层沉积物物质成分，得出四含内没有典型的含 水透水性砂层；通过沉积物颗粒几何特征与水理性质测试，表明四含物质被高 度压实，在采区内天然含水量低，粘粒含量高，补径排条件不畅。采用留设防 水煤柱的设计方法开采南一采区 108 浅部工作面安全可行。 （2）研究了工作面在不同开挖推进长度下，工作面开采后上覆岩层的垂直 应力、工作面推进过程中顶板岩层的水平应力、上覆岩层屈服破坏特征等，分 析得出了覆岩破坏与“两带”发育规律。 （3）通过对 108 工作面“两带”高度实测，得出冒落带高度 6.57m，导水 裂隙带高度 16.11m，并与邻近矿井对比，证明其合理、可信。 （4）设计缩小防水煤柱，提高工作面开采上限标高为-225m，增加了采出 煤量，获得了良好经济效益。 关键词关键词提高回采上限；两带高度；防水煤柱；覆岩破坏 The practical observation and analysis for height of two-zone in 108 working face of Wo Longhu coal mine Abstract In order to overcome the problem that two-zone of overlying strata develops highly in working face with extending the upper extraction limit，combined observation leakage of drill cycle water and drill sonic logging , the failure of overlying strata after finishing the face mining is observed practically and analysed in this paper. The main content of the paper is as follows 1 With analyzing and testing material composition of unconsolidated sediments, this paper draws a conclusion that typical watered sand layers are not existed in 4th Aquifer; the geometric features and hydraulic properties of sediments particles are tested, the results show that 4th Aquifer material is compacted highly, natural water content is low while clay content is high, the condition of groundwater recharge-runoff discharge is blocked. Retaining waterproof coal pillar in mining No.108 working face in south-1 section is safe and feasible. 2 The horizontal stress in roof strata during working face advance, and the vertical stress in overlying strata after working face advance, and the failure character for overlying strata with different face advance distance are researched, the rule of overlying strata failure and two-zone development are analyzed. 3 The practical observation of height for two-zone in No.108 working face shows that the height of caving zone is 6.57m and the height of fractured zone is 16.11m. Compared with neighboring coal mines, the conclusions are reasonable and credible. The waterproof coal pillar has been reduced, the mining up level limitation was extended to -225m, the output of coal mining has been increased, the good economic benefit was obtained. Keywords Extending the upper extracting limit; Height of two zone; Waterproof coal pillar; Overlying strata failure 致致 谢谢 本论文是在我的导师葛晓光教授的亲切关怀和悉心指导下完成的。他严肃 的科学态度，严谨的治学精神，精益求精的工作作风，深深地感染和激励着我。 在选题、实验的开展以及论文的撰写、定稿过程中，葛老师都始终给予我细心 的指导和不懈的支持。两年多来，葛老师不仅在学业上给我以精心指导，同时 还在思想、生活上给我以无微不至的关怀，在此谨向葛老师致以诚挚的谢意和 崇高的敬意。 在此，我还要感谢合肥工业大学分析测试中心与资环学院实验室在实验的 安排及设备使用方面提供的帮助，感谢葛老师在实验期间给予我悉心的指导。 感谢在一起愉快度过研究生生活的师兄李鹏军、师姐刘文倩，同学游玉成、 熊潇、以及师弟赵磊，谢谢你们对我的帮助和支持。 最后我还要感谢培养我长大含辛茹苦的父母，谢谢你们 目目 录录 第一章第一章 绪绪 论论 ................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 课题研究的意义 ...................................................................................................... 1 1.2 国内外研究现状 ...................................................................................................... 1 1.2.1 矿井提高回采上限和缩小防水煤岩柱高度研究现状 ................................ 1 1.2.2 覆岩“两带”高度的实际观测与发育特征研究现状 ..................................... 2 1.3 课题研究主要内容及方法 ...................................................................................... 4 1.3.1 研究内容 ........................................................................................................ 4 1.3.2 研究方法 ........................................................................................................ 5 第二章第二章 矿井水文地质条件概述矿井水文地质条件概述 ................................................................................... 6 2.1 地质特征 .................................................................................................................. 6 2.1.1 地层 ................................................................................................................ 6 2.1.2 构造 ................................................................................................................ 6 2.2 矿井水文地质概况 .................................................................................................. 8 2.3 基岩地层导水构造特征 .......................................................................................... 8 2.3.1 断裂导水 ........................................................................................................ 8 2.3.2 陷落柱及其导水性 ........................................................................................ 8 2.4 相关防治水勘察工作成果 ...................................................................................... 8 2.4.1 三维地震勘探 ................................................................................................ 8 2.4.2 井下物探 ........................................................................................................ 8 2.4.3 水文地质补充钻探 ........................................................................................ 8 2.4.4 井下探放水 .................................................................................................... 9 第三章第三章 采区松散层沉积物物质分析采区松散层沉积物物质分析 ........................................................................ 10 3.1 松散层沉积物岩心 ................................................................................................ 10 3.2 沉积物的岩石矿物成分测定 ................................................................................ 12 3.3 X 衍射法分析粘土矿物成分 ................................................................................. 16 3.3.1 样品制备 ...................................................................................................... 16 3.3.2 结果分析 ...................................................................................................... 18 3.4 粘土 X 荧光化学成分分析 ................................................................................... 19 3.5 四含沉积物物源分析 ............................................................................................ 21 第四章第四章 沉积物颗粒几何特征与水理性质沉积物颗粒几何特征与水理性质 ............................................................... 22 4.1 沉积物粒度分析 .................................................................................................... 22 4.1.1 粒度分布 ...................................................................................................... 22 4.1.2 粒度统计参数 .............................................................................................. 22 4.1.3 粒度统计参数 .............................................................................................. 24 4.2 四含沉积物的分形特征 ........................................................................................ 27 4.2.1 分形简介 ...................................................................................................... 27 4.2.2 几种典型沉积物的分形特征 ...................................................................... 28 4.2.3 本矿底含样品分形特征 .............................................................................. 31 4.3 沉积物水理性质 .................................................................................................... 33 4.3.1 含水性 .......................................................................................................... 33 4.3.2 孔隙压实性 .................................................................................................. 33 4.3.3 可变形性 ...................................................................................................... 34 4.3.4 膨胀性 .......................................................................................................... 34 第五章第五章 108 工作面概况工作面概况 ............................................................................................... 36 5.1 开采范围 ................................................................................................................ 36 5.2 煤层赋存状况 ........................................................................................................ 36 5.3 覆岩裂隙分布发育规律 ........................................................................................ 36 5.4 地质构造 ................................................................................................................ 38 5.5 工作面水文地质条件 ............................................................................................ 38 5.5.1 新生界松散层下部含、隔水层性质 .......................................................... 38 5.5.2 顶板砂岩裂隙含水层 .................................................................................. 40 5.5.3 断层的富水性与不良钻孔情况 .................................................................. 41 5.5.4 太原群石灰岩水 .......................................................................................... 41 5.5.5 采空区老塘水 .............................................................................................. 41 5.6 瓦斯情况 ................................................................................................................ 41 5.7 煤质 ........................................................................................................................ 42 5.8 储量 ........................................................................................................................ 42 5.9 回采工艺选择 ........................................................................................................ 42 5.10 工作面支护设计 .................................................................................................. 43 5.10.1 依据参考工作面初选支架 ........................................................................ 43 5.10.2 支架支护强度计算 .................................................................................... 43 5.11 巷道布置 .............................................................................................................. 44 5.11.1 基本巷道布置方式 .................................................................................... 44 5.11.2 其他辅助巷道 ............................................................................................ 44 5.12 排水系统设计 ...................................................................................................... 44 5.12.1 充水因素与处理方案 ................................................................................ 44 5.12.2 防治水巷道工程设计 ................................................................................ 44 5.12.3 排水系统设计 ............................................................................................ 44 第六章第六章 覆岩破坏与覆岩破坏与“两带两带”发育规律分析发育规律分析................................................................ 46 6.1 工作面基岩面控制程度及风化深度 .................................................................... 46 6.2 覆岩工程地质特征 ................................................................................................ 47 6.2.1 10 煤层顶底板岩芯完整性 .......................................................................... 47 6.2.2 岩心样品的力学试验 .................................................................................. 49 6.3 工作面采动覆岩破坏规律数值模拟分析 ............................................................ 50 6.3.1 工作面采动覆岩数值模型 .......................................................................... 50 6.3.2 工作面采动覆岩变化特征 .......................................................................... 51 6.3.3 覆岩变形破坏区域划分 .............................................................................. 59 6.3.4 覆岩变形破坏的过程与形态 ...................................................................... 60 6.3.5 覆岩变形破坏特征分析 .............................................................................. 61 第七章第七章 108 工作面上提段工作面上提段“两带两带”实测与分析实测与分析 ........................................................ 62 7.1 108 工作面上提段采动与矿压 .............................................................................. 62 7.1.1 工作面上提段采动过程 .............................................................................. 62 7.1.2 推进过程支架工作阻力情况 ...................................................................... 63 7.1.3 工作面上提段出水情况 .............................................................................. 72 7.2 工作面覆岩破坏“两带”探测 ................................................................................. 74 7.2.1 覆岩破坏探测方法 ...................................................................................... 74 7.2.2 观测孔结构及施工技术要点 ...................................................................... 75 7.2.3 “两带”高度观测孔探测成果 ........................................................................ 76 7.3 “两带”高度观测孔探测成果与邻近矿井资料对比 .............................................. 78 第八章第八章 108 工作面开采经济、社会效益工作面开采经济、社会效益 ................................................................. 81 第九章第九章 结论结论 .................................................................................................................... 82 参考文献参考文献 ............................................................................................................................. 85 插图清单插图清单 图 2-1 井田构造纲要图 ............................................................................................... 7 图 3-1 采区松散层沉积物钻孔实见图 ..................................................................... 12 图 3-2 扫描电子显微镜照片 ..................................................................................... 12 图 3-3 扫描电镜照片 ................................................................................................. 15 图 3-4 钻孔各深度衍射（XRD）图谱 .................................................................... 18 图 4-1 三隔四含段颗粒粒径 Φ 分布图 ................................................................ 27 图 4-2 三种泥石流的分形特征图据表 4-3 绘 ....................................................... 29 图 4-3 各深度粒度分形特征图 ................................................................................. 32 图 4-4 桃园矿新生界松散沉积物的孔隙比和含水量随深度的变化规律 ............. 34 图 5-1 108 工作面地层柱状图 .................................................................................. 37 图 5-2 卧龙湖矿井三隔厚度分布图 ......................................................................... 39 图 5-3 矿井四含厚度分布图 ..................................................................................... 39 图 5-4 10-2 孔粘土砾石照片 .................................................................................... 40 图 5-5 10-2 孔粘土质砂照片 .................................................................................... 40 图 6-1 矿井基岩面高程分布图 ................................................................................. 46 图 6-2 10-2 孔 10 煤顶底板钻孔岩芯照片 .............................................................. 49 图 6-3 煤层开采模型图 ............................................................................................. 51 图 6-4 煤层开采剖面图 .............................