五凤煤矿软岩巷道变形破坏机理及控制技术研究.pdf
分类号分类号 TD353TD353TD353 TD353 密密级级公公 开开 U DU DU D U D C C C C 单位代码单位代码 104210421042 1042 4 4 4 4 学学 位位 论论 文文 五凤煤矿软岩巷道变形破坏机理五凤煤矿软岩巷道变形破坏机理五凤煤矿软岩巷道变形破坏机理 五凤煤矿软岩巷道变形破坏机理 及及及 及 控制技术研究控制技术研究控制技术研究 控制技术研究 贾贾 建建 功功 山山 东东 科科 技技 大大 学学 二二 O O O O 一一年六月一一年六月 申请学位级别申请学位级别硕士学位硕士学位 指导教师姓名指导教师姓名张张 开开 智智 专业专业名名称称采矿工程采矿工程 职职称称 教教授授 论文题目论文题目论文题目 论文题目 五凤煤矿软岩巷道变形破坏机理五凤煤矿软岩巷道变形破坏机理五凤煤矿软岩巷道变形破坏机理 五凤煤矿软岩巷道变形破坏机理 及控制技术研究及控制技术研究及控制技术研究 及控制技术研究 作者姓名作者姓名作者姓名 作者姓名 程程 秀秀 洋洋 论文提交日期论文提交日期论文提交日期 论文提交日期 20112011年年 6 6 月月 论文答辩日期论文答辩日期论文答辩日期 论文答辩日期 20112011年年 6 6 月月 授予学位日期授予学位日期授予学位日期 授予学位日期 作者姓名作者姓名作者姓名 作者姓名 贾贾 建建 功功 专业名称专业名称专业名称 专业名称 采矿工程采矿工程 指导教师指导教师指导教师 指导教师 张张 开开 智智 入学时间入学时间入学时间 入学时间 20092009年年 9 9 月月 研究方向研究方向研究方向 研究方向 矿山压力与岩层控制矿山压力与岩层控制 职职职 职 称称称 称 教教授授 STUDYSTUDYSTUDY STUDY ONONON ON THETHETHE THE DEATIONDEATIONDEATION DEATION ANDANDAND AND FAILUREFAILUREFAILURE FAILURE MECHANISMMECHANISMMECHANISM MECHANISM OFOFOF OF SOFTSOFTSOFT SOFT ROCKROCKROCK ROCK ROADWAYROADWAYROADWAY ROADWAY ANDANDAND AND CONTROLCONTROLCONTROL CONTROL TECHNIQUETECHNIQUETECHNIQUE TECHNIQUE OFOFOF OF WUFENGWUFENGWUFENG WUFENG COALCOALCOAL COAL MINEMINEMINE MINE A A A A DissertationDissertationDissertation Dissertation tedtedted ted ininin in fulfillmentfulfillmentfulfillment fulfillment ofofof of thethethe the requirementsrequirementsrequirements requirements ofofof of thethethe the degreedegreedegree degree ofofof of MASTERMASTERMASTER MASTER OFOFOF OF PHILOSOPHYPHILOSOPHYPHILOSOPHY PHILOSOPHY fromfromfrom from ShandongShandongShandong Shandong UniversityUniversityUniversity University ofofof of ScienceScienceScience Science andandand and TechnologyTechnologyTechnology Technology b b b b y y y y JiaJiaJia Jia JiangongJiangongJiangong Jiangong SupervisorSupervisorSupervisor Supervisor ProfessorProfessorProfessor Professor ZhangZhangZhang Zhang KaizhiKaizhiKaizhi Kaizhi CollegeCollegeCollege College ofofof of NaturalNaturalNatural Natural ResourcesResourcesResources Resources andandand and EnvironmentalEnvironmentalEnvironmental Environmental EngineeringEngineeringEngineering Engineering JuneJuneJune June 201120112011 2011 声声明明 本人呈交给山东科技大学的这篇硕士学位论文,除了所列参考文献和世所本人呈交给山东科技大学的这篇硕士学位论文,除了所列参考文献和世所 公认的文献外,全部是本人在导师指导下的研究成果。该论文资料尚没有呈交公认的文献外,全部是本人在导师指导下的研究成果。该论文资料尚没有呈交 于其它任何学术机关作鉴定。于其它任何学术机关作鉴定。 硕士生签名硕士生签名 日日期期 AFFIRMATIONAFFIRMATIONAFFIRMATION AFFIRMATION I I I I declaredeclaredeclare declare thatthatthat that thisthisthis this dissertation,dissertation,dissertation, dissertation, tedtedted ted ininin in fulfillmentfulfillmentfulfillment fulfillment ofofof of thethethe the requirementsrequirementsrequirements requirements forforfor for thethethe the awardawardaward award ofofof of MasterMasterMaster Master ofofof of PhilosophyPhilosophyPhilosophy Philosophy ininin in ShandongShandongShandong Shandong UniversityUniversityUniversity University ofofof of ScienceScienceScience Science andandand and Technology,Technology,Technology, Technology, is is is is whollywhollywholly wholly mymymy my ownownown own workworkwork work unlessunlessunless unless referencedreferencedreferenced referenced ofofof of acknowledge.acknowledge.acknowledge. acknowledge. 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SignatureSignatureSignature Signature DateDateDate Date 山东科技大学硕士学位论文摘要 I 摘摘要要 软岩巷道围岩的矿压控制,一直是困扰煤矿生产建设的难题之一,特别是在高应力 膨胀型软岩巷道中,围岩的有效控制更加困难。对高应力膨胀型软岩巷道围岩变形破坏 机理的研究,能够促进软岩巷道围岩控制技术的发展,对地下软岩工程建设具有重要的 理论意义和工程应用价值。 本文综合运用现场实测、室内试验、数值模拟、理论研究相结合的方法,对五凤煤 矿软岩巷道围岩变形破坏机理和控制技术进行了研究。 通过室内试验,研究了巷道围岩微观结构、矿物成分和水理性质,分析了巷道围岩 的物理力学性质,搞清了引起巷道围岩变形破坏的内部因素。通过理论研究,分析了孤 岛工作面覆岩结构与支承压力分布特征, 搞清了 1606 工作面回采巷道围岩围岩应力较大 的原因,掌握了引起回采巷道围岩变形破坏的外部因素;分析了回采巷道围岩变形破坏 的影响因素及底臌类型,明确了软岩巷道底臌机理,提出了超挖锚固回填技术控制底臌。 针对五凤煤矿软岩巷道变形破坏机理,提出了运用整体锚固耦合支护技术对巷道围岩进 行控制,并建立了结构模型,进行力学分析,证明了支护措施的有效性。 通过数值模拟计算,研究了五凤煤矿软岩巷道围岩变形破坏特征,搞清了软岩巷道 围岩变形破坏的主要方式是拉破坏和剪破坏;由于采空区的存在,导致巷道围岩应力分 布出现非对称现象,塑性区的发展也呈现出了非对称性,提出了非对称支护措施;根据 巷道围岩塑性区的发展规律,提出了加固帮角控制底臌措施。通过对整体锚固支护技术 进行数值模拟计算,验证了整体锚固耦合支护技术在软岩巷道支护中的有效性。 通过现场实测,获得了五凤煤矿软岩巷道围岩矿压显现规律,同时验证了整体锚固 支护技术能够有效的防止软岩巷道底臌和偏帮,实现了对五凤煤矿软岩巷道围岩稳定性 的有效控制。 关键词关键词软岩巷道;破坏机理;整体锚固;非对称支护 山东科技大学硕士学位论文ABSTRACT II ABSTRACTABSTRACTABSTRACT ABSTRACT Mine pressure control of the soft rock roadway surrounding has been one of the difficulties that harassed the production and construction of coal mine. Especially in the soft rock roadway under high stressedand swellingconditions, The effectivecontrol of surrounding rock is more difficult. The study on the deation and failure mechanism of soft rock roadway surrounding under high stressed and swelling conditions, which not only can stimulate the development of mine pressure control of the soft rock roadway surrounding, but also has importanttheoretical significance and application value for the construction of soft rock project underground. The paper studied on the deation and failure mechanism and control technique of soft rock roadway surrounding under high stressed and swelling conditions by the that fieldmeasurement, laboratory test, numerical simulation and theoretical researchare comprehensively applied. Based on the laboratory test, studied on the microstructure, mineral composition and waterrichard properties of the roadway surrounding, analysed on the physico-mechanical properties of the roadway surrounding, and clarified the interior factor that lead to the deation and failure of the roadway surrounding. Based on the theoretical research, analysed on the law of the abutment distribution in the roadway surrounding, and clarified the external factor that lead to the deation and failure of the roadway surrounding; analysed on the influencing factors and classification of the roadway floor heave, and cleared the floor heave mechanism of soft rock roadway;. Specific to the deation and failure mechanism of soft rock under high stressed and swelling conditions, put forward theintegral anchor and coupling support technology to control the roadway surrounding, and established the structural model, proofed the feasibility of the support measures by mechanics analysis. Based on the numerical simulation, studied on the deation and failure characteristics of soft rock roadway surrounding, and clarified the main deation and failure waya are tension and shear; Because of the existence the goaf, there is asymmetric phenomenon in stress distribution of roadway surrounding, and the development of the plastic zone appears asymmetric phenomenon, and put forward to asymmetric support measures;According to the law of plastic zone, put forward to the measure thatreinforce the walls and corner to control floor heave. Through the numerical simulation of theintegral anchor and coupling support technology, proved the effectiveness of the technology in soft rock roadway. Based onfield measurement, obtained the ground pressure of soft rock roadway, at the 山东科技大学硕士学位论文ABSTRACT III same time, proved that theintegral anchor and coupling support technology can prevent soft rock roadway from floor heave and wall heave, realized the effective control of soft rock roadway under high stressed and swelling conditions. K K K K eywordeywordeyword eyword soft rock roadway; deation and failure mechanism ;integral anchor ; asymmetric supporting 山东科技大学硕士学位论文目录 I 目目目 目 录录录 录 1 1 1 1 绪论绪论绪论 绪论 1 1 1 1 1.1 课题的提出1 1.2 研究的目的和意义2 1.3 国内外研究现状3 1.4 主要研究内容与技术路线7 2 2 2 2 五凤煤矿软岩巷道变形破坏机理分析五凤煤矿软岩巷道变形破坏机理分析五凤煤矿软岩巷道变形破坏机理分析 五凤煤矿软岩巷道变形破坏机理分析 9 9 9 9 2.1 工程背景9 2.2 巷道围岩变形破坏影响因素11 2.3 巷道围岩微观结构及其水理性质14 2.4 孤岛面覆岩结构与支承压力分布18 2.5 底板变形破坏分析22 2.6 本章小结26 3 3 3 3 软岩巷道围岩变形破坏规律数值模拟研究软岩巷道围岩变形破坏规律数值模拟研究软岩巷道围岩变形破坏规律数值模拟研究 软岩巷道围岩变形破坏规律数值模拟研究 282828 28 3.1 数值计算的模型建立28 3.2 数值模拟结果与分析30 3.3 本章小结44 4 4 4 4 软岩巷道整体锚固耦合支护控制技术研究软岩巷道整体锚固耦合支护控制技术研究软岩巷道整体锚固耦合支护控制技术研究 软岩巷道整体锚固耦合支护控制技术研究 454545 45 4.1 整体锚固耦合支护控制技术45 4.2 整体锚固耦合支护控制技术力学分析46 4.3 本章小结54 5 5 5 5 五凤煤矿软岩巷道矿压显现实测研究五凤煤矿软岩巷道矿压显现实测研究五凤煤矿软岩巷道矿压显现实测研究 五凤煤矿软岩巷道矿压显现实测研究 565656 56 5.1 支护方案及测区布置56 5.2 煤体及煤柱内支承压力分布规律57 5.3 巷道围岩变形规律62 5.4 本章小结66 6 6 6 6 主要结论主要结论主要结论 主要结论 686868 68 山东科技大学硕士学位论文目录 II 致谢致谢致谢 致谢 707070 70 参考文献参考文献参考文献 参考文献 717171 71 攻读硕士期间主要成果攻读硕士期间主要成果攻读硕士期间主要成果 攻读硕士期间主要成果 757575 75 山东科技大学硕士学位论文Contents III ContentsContentsContents Contents 1 1 1 1 IntroductionIntroductionIntroduction Introduction 1 1 1 1 1.1 Raising of project 1 1.2 Purpose and meaning of the study2 1.3 Present status of the study at home and abroad 3 1.4 Research contents and s7 2 2 2 2 A A A A nalysenalysenalyse nalyse ononon on thethethe the deationdeationdeation deation andandand and failurefailurefailure failure mechanismmechanismmechanism mechanism ofofof of softsoftsoft soft rockrockrock rock roadwayroadwayroadway roadway ofofof of WufengWufengWufeng Wufeng coalcoalcoal coal mineminemine mine 9 9 9 9 2.1 Background of project9 2.2 Deation and failure influencing factor of roadway surrounding11 2.3 Microstructure and water Richard properties of roadway surrounding14 2.4 Overburden strata structure and abutment distribution of islet workingface 18 2.5 Deation and failure analysis of the roadway floor 22 2.6 Chapter Summary26 3 3 3 3 N N N N umericalumericalumerical umerical simulationsimulationsimulation simulation studystudystudy study ononon on thethethe the rulerulerule rule ofofof of deationdeationdeation deation andandand and failurefailurefailure failure ofofof of softsoftsoft soft rockrockrock rock roadwayroadwayroadway roadway surroundingsurroundingsurrounding surrounding 282828 28 3.1 The pattern design of numerical simulation28 3.2 The results and analysis of numerical simulation30 3.3 Chapter Summary44 4 4 4 4 StudyStudyStudy Study ononon on thethethe the controlcontrolcontrol control techniquetechniquetechnique technique ofofof of i i i i ntegralntegralntegral ntegral anchoranchoranchor anchor andandand and c c c c ouplingouplingoupling oupling supportsupportsupport support ininin in S S S S oftoftoft oft rockrockrock rock roadwayroadwayroadway roadway 454545 45 4.1 The control technique of integral anchor and coupling support45 4.2 Mechanical analysis of integral anchor and coupling support 46 4.3 Chapter Summary54 5 5 5 5 ObservationObservationObservation Observation studystudystudy study ononon on groundgroundground ground behaviouebehaviouebehavioue behavioue ofofof of softsoftsoft soft rockrockrock rock roadwayroadwayroadway roadway ininin in WufengWufengWufeng Wufeng coalcoalcoal coal mineminemine mine 565656 56 5.1 The support scheme and layout of measure zone56 5.2 Distributing law of stress in coal pillar and coal seam57 5.3 The deation law of the roadway surrounding rock62 5.4 Chapter Summary66 6 6 6 6 ConclusionsConclusionsConclusions Conclusions 686868 68 山东科技大学硕士学位论文Contents IV A A A A cknowledgecknowledgecknowledge cknowledge mentsmentsments ments 707070 70 ReferenceReferenceReference Reference 717171 71 MainMainMain Main WorkWorkWork Work AchievementAchievementAchievement Achievement ofofof of thethethe the AuthorAuthorAuthor Author duringduringduring during WorkingWorkingWorking Working ononon on MasterMasterMaster Master PaperPaperPaper Paper 757575 75 山东科技大学硕士学位论文绪论 1 1 1 1 1 绪论绪论绪论 绪论 1.11.11.1 1.1 课题的提出课题的提出课题的提出 课题的提出 软岩是世界上分布最广泛的一类岩石,其中泥岩和页岩约占地球表面岩石的 50, 在桥隧、水利水电、矿山等工程领域经常遇到[1]。软岩问题从 20 世纪初就作为世界性难 题被提了出来,特别是煤矿软岩问题一直是困扰煤矿生产和建设的重大难题之一[2]。在 我国,煤矿软岩问题分布范围较为广泛,几乎遍布于我国各个省区[3],在我国的几个主 要成煤时代,也均有软岩的赋存,跨越地质年代较长[4]。 一般情况下,煤系地层属于沉积岩层,煤与沉积岩共生,往往强度较低,特别是与 煤系地层共生的砂质页岩、泥岩、泥质砂岩类岩体更是如此[2]。据不完全统计,我国煤 矿赋存有松软围岩的煤层约占可采煤层总数的三分之一,随着褐煤煤田的开发和矿井开 采深度的加大,此类开采条件下的煤层比例还会逐年增加[5]。目前,我国有 30 多个矿区 存在着软岩问题,每年约有 6106m 的巷道在软弱围岩中开掘[2]。开掘在软弱岩层中的 回采巷道,由于围岩具有特殊的力学性质,且受工作面采动影响,矿压显现比较剧烈, 围岩变形有明显的时空效应,巷道维护极为困难。软岩巷道的矿压控制与巷道维护成了 世界矿业和岩石力学的难题之一,是目前国内外都亟需解决的问题之一[6]。 该矿区原来没有大型矿井,由于具有岩溶高瓦斯地区复杂的地质条件,在建的大型 矿井建设周期均在 35 个月以上,建井速度非常慢,一般每月 20~80 m,软岩支护问题 成了制约矿井生产建设的瓶颈。 五凤煤矿地处山区丘岭地带,属构造~剥蚀山地地貌,煤层埋藏较浅,表土层松散, 基岩薄并且强烈风化,岩体比较破碎,煤层强度低,是典型的浅埋薄基岩软岩矿井。该 矿煤巷具有典型的高应力、遇水膨胀、易软化等特征,遇水之后突出地表现为非线性大 变形、显著流变的工程特点。 采用传统支护方式支护时,回采巷道表现为强烈的底臌、片帮,进而导致复合顶板 弯曲下沉而发生离层破坏,难以形成承载结构,顶底帮变形相互作用,形成恶性循环, 巷道维护困难。特别是在回采过程中,上下两巷超前支护段矿压显现特别强烈,支柱陷 底量大,巷道变形非常严重,以至于回采过程中两巷通风、行人和运料困难。 鉴于此,为保证煤矿安全回采,有必要对该矿煤系地层岩石变形机制进行系统研究, 形成一套行之有效的支护技术体系,以实现安全、经济、高产、高效生产的目标。 山东科技大学硕士学位论文绪论 2 1.21.21.